Ubuthi

Ubuthi bungavela uma uhogela, ugwinya, noma uthinta okuthile okukugulisa kakhulu. Amanye ama-poison angadala ukufa.

Ubuthi ngokuvamile buvela ku:

• Ukuthatha umuthi omningi noma ukuthatha umuthi akuhloselwe wena
• Ukuhogela noma ukugwinya indlu noma ezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali
• Ukungenisa amakhemikhali ngesikhumba
• Ukuhogela igesi, njenge-carbon monoxide

Izimpawu noma izimpawu zobuthi zingafaka:

• Abafundi abakhulu kakhulu noma abancane kakhulu
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okuhamba kancane
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma okuhamba kancane
• Ukukhipha amathe noma umlomo owomile kakhulu
• Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo
• Ukulala noma ukungasebenzi kahle
• Ukudideka
• Inkulumo eshisiwe
• Ukuhamba okungahambisani noma ubunzima bokuhamba
• Kunzima ukuchama
• Ukulahlekelwa wukulawulwa kwamathumbu noma kwesinye
• Ukusha noma ububomvu bezindebe nomlomo, okubangelwa ukuphuza ushevu
• Ukuphefumula okunuka amakhemikhali
• Ukushisa kwamakhemikhali noma amabala kumuntu, okokugqoka noma kwendawo ezungeze umuntu
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukulahleka kombono
• Ukopha okuzenzekelayo
• Amabhodlela amaphilisi angenalutho noma amaphilisi asakazeke yonke indawo

Ezinye izinkinga zempilo nazo zingadala ezinye zalezi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi umuntu ufakwe ubuthi, kufanele uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Akuwona wonke ubuthi obudala izimpawu ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu ziza kancane noma zivela emahoreni ngemuva kokuvezwa.

Isikhungo Esilawula Ubuthi sincoma ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo uma othile efakwe ubuthi.

OKUMELE UKWENZE KUQALA

• Hlala uzolile. Akuyona yonke imithi noma amakhemikhali abangela ubuthi.
• Uma umuntu edlulile noma engaphefumuli, shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo ngokushesha.
• Ukuze uthole ubuthi obudonswe ngaphakathi njenge-carbon monoxide, faka umuntu emoyeni omusha ngokushesha.
• Ukuze uthole ubuthi esikhunjeni, susa noma yikuphi okokugqoka okuthintwe ubuthi. Hlanza isikhumba somuntu ngamanzi agobhozayo imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20.
• Ukuze uthole ubuthi emehlweni, hlambulula amehlo omuntu ngamanzi agobhozayo imizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-20.
• Ngobuthi obugwinyiwe, ungamniki umuntu amalahle acushiwe. Ungaziniki izingane isiraphu ye-ipecac. Ungamniki lutho umuntu ngaphambi kokukhuluma ne-Poison Control Center.

UKUTHOLA USIZO

Shayela inombolo ephuthumayo ye-Poison Control Center ku-1-800-222-1222. Musa ukulinda aze abe nezimpawu ngaphambi kokuba ushayele. Zama ukulungisa imininingwane elandelayo:

• Isiqukathi noma ibhodlela lomuthi noma ubuthi
• Isisindo somuntu, ubudala, nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo
• Isikhathi okwenzeka ngaso ubuthi
• Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ushevu wenzeke, njengokungena ngomlomo, ukuhogela, noma ukuxhumana kwesikhumba noma kwamehlo
• Ukuthi umuntu uhlanze yini
• Uhlobo luphi losizo lokuqala osinikezile
• Lapho umuntu ekhona

Isikhungo siyatholakala noma yikuphi e-United States. Izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki, amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Ungashayela futhi ukhulume nesazi sobuthi ukuthola ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka ufaka ushevu. Imvamisa uzokwazi ukuthola usizo ngocingo futhi akudingeki uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Uma udinga ukuya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlola izinga lokushisa kwakho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula kwakho, nomfutho wegazi.

Ungadinga ezinye izivivinyo, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• Ama-X-ray
• I-ECG (electrocardiogram)
• Izinqubo ezibukeka ngaphakathi kwe-airways yakho (i-bronchoscopy) noma i-esophagus (ukugwinya ithubhu) nesisu (endoscopy)

Ukugcina ubuthi obuningi bungangeni, ungathola:

• Amalahle avuliwe
• Ishubhu elingena ngamakhala esiswini
• I-laxative

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingafaka:

• Ukuhlanza noma ukunisela isikhumba namehlo
• Ukwesekwa kokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi ithubhu engena emlonyeni ku-windpipe (trachea) nasemshinini wokuphefumula
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (IV)
• Imithi yokuguqula imiphumela yobuthi

Thatha lezi zinyathelo ukusiza ukuvimbela ubuthi.

• Ungalokothi wabelane ngemithi kadokotela.
• Thatha imithi yakho njengokuyalelwa ngumhlinzeki wakho. Ungathathi umuthi owengeziwe noma uwuphuze kaningi kunalokho obekiwe.

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho kanye nosokhemisi ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo.

• Funda amalebula emithi ekhawuntareni. Njalo landela izinkomba kwilebula.
• Ungalokothi uthathe umuthi ebumnyameni. Qiniseka ukuthi uyakubona okuthathayo.
• Ungalokothi uhlanganise amakhemikhali asendlini. Ukwenza kanjalo kungadala amagesi ayingozi.
• Gcina amakhemikhali asendlini ngaso sonke isikhathi esitsheni abafike kuso. Ungasebenzisi iziqukathi futhi.
• Gcina yonke imithi namakhemikhali kuvaliwe noma kungafinyeleleki ezinganeni.
• Funda bese ulandela amalebula kumakhemikhali asendlini. Gqoka izingubo noma amagilavu ​​ukuze uvikeleke lapho uphatha, uma uqondiswa.
• Faka imitshina ye-carbon monoxide. Qiniseka ukuthi banamabhethri amasha.

ILatham MD. I-Toxicology. Ku: Kleinman K, Mcdaniel L, Molloy M, abahleli. IHarriet Lane Handbook, The. Umhlaka 22. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 3.

UMeehan TJ. Sondela esigulini esinobuthi. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 139.

UNelson LS, Ford MD. Ubuthi obunzima. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 102.

UTheobald JL, uKostic MA. Ubuthi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 77.

• Ubuthi