I-Emphysema

-Delile

• Isifinyezo
• Kuyini i- emphysema?
• Yini ebangela i-emphysema?
• Ubani osengozini ye-emphysema?
• Ziyini izimpawu ze-emphysema?
• Ixilongwa kanjani i-emphysema?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-emphysema?
• Ingabe i-emphysema ingavinjelwa?

Isifinyezo

Kuyini i- emphysema?

I-Emphysema uhlobo lwe-COPD (isifo esingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu) I-COPD yiqembu lezifo zamaphaphu ezenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Olunye uhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-COPD yi-bronchitis engapheli. Iningi labantu abane-COPD bane-emphysema kanye ne-bronchitis engapheli, kepha ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye luqine kangakanani lungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

I-Emphysema ithinta izikhwama zomoya emaphashini akho. Imvamisa, la masaka anwebeka noma anwebekile. Uma uphefumula, isikhwama somoya ngasinye sigcwalisa umoya, njengebhaluni elincane. Uma uphefumula uphume, amasaka omoya ayashibilika, bese umoya uyaphuma.

Ku-emphysema, izindonga eziphakathi kwemithamo eminingi yomoya emaphashini ziyalimala. Lokhu kudala ukuthi amasaka omoya alahlekelwe ukwakheka kwawo abe yi-floppy. Umonakalo nawo ungabhubhisa izindonga zezikhwama zomoya, okuholele kwizikhwama zomoya ezimbalwa futhi ezinkulu esikhundleni sezincanyana eziningi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima emaphashini akho ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo kanye nesikhutha emzimbeni wakho.

Yini ebangela i-emphysema?

Imbangela ye-emphysema imvamisa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezicasulayo ezilimaza amaphaphu akho kanye nemigwaqo yomoya. E-United States, intuthu kagwayi iyimbangela eyinhloko. Ipayipi, i-cigar, nezinye izinhlobo zentuthu kagwayi nakho kungadala i-emphysema, ikakhulukazi uma uyihogela.

Ukuvezwa kokunye okucasulwa okuhogelwayo kungaba nomthelela kwi-emphysema. Lokhu kufaka phakathi intuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, nentuthu yamakhemikhali noma uthuli oluvela endaweni noma emsebenzini.

Imvamisa, isimo sofuzo esibizwa nge-alpha-1 antitrypsin defence singadlala indima ekubangeleni i-emphysema.

Ubani osengozini ye-emphysema?

Izici ezinobungozi be-emphysema zifaka

• Ukubhema. Lokhu kuyingozi enkulu. Kuze kube ngu-75% wabantu abane-emphysema ababhemayo noma ababevame ukubhema.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kwezinye izinto ezicasulayo zamaphaphu, njengentuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, nentuthu yamakhemikhali nothuli oluvela emvelweni noma emsebenzini.
• Ubudala. Iningi labantu abane-emphysema okungenani lineminyaka engama-40 ubudala lapho izimpawu zabo ziqala.
• Izakhi zofuzo. Lokhu kufaka ukuntuleka kwe-alpha-1 antitrypsin, okuyisimo sezakhi zofuzo. Futhi, ababhemayo abathola i-emphysema maningi amathuba okuthi bayithole uma benomlando womndeni we-COPD.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-emphysema?

Ekuqaleni, ungahle ungabi nazimpawu noma ube nezimpawu ezincane kuphela. Njengoba lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, izimpawu zakho zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu. Zingafaka

• Ukukhwehlela njalo noma ukuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela okukhiqiza amafinyila amaningi
• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Umlozi oshayayo noma ophefumulayo lapho uphefumula
• Ukuqina esifubeni sakho

Abanye abantu abane-emphysema bathola izifo zokuphefumula njalo ezifana nemikhuhlane nomkhuhlane. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-emphysema ingadala ukwehla kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka emisipheni yakho ephansi, nokuvuvukala emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni noma emilenzeni.

Ixilongwa kanjani i-emphysema?

Ukwenza ukuxilongwa, umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo

• Sizobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nomlando womndeni
• Sizobuza ngezimpawu zakho
• Kungenziwa izivivinyo zebhu, njengokuhlolwa komsebenzi wamaphaphu, i-x-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-emphysema?

Alikho ikhambi le-emphysema. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungasiza ngezimpawu, kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwesifo, futhi kuthuthukise ikhono lakho lokuhlala usebenza. Kukhona nezindlela zokwelapha ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izinkinga zalesi sifo. Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi

• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, njenge
  • Ukuyeka ukubhema uma ubhema. Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke ongasithatha ukwelapha i-emphysema.
  • Ukugwema intuthu kagwayi nezindawo ongaphefumulela kuzo ezinye izinto ezicasula amaphaphu
  • Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekela uhlelo lokudla oluzohlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokudla okunempilo. Buza nokuthi ungakanani umsebenzi ongawenza ngokomzimba. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kungaqinisa imisipha ekusiza ukuthi uphefumule futhi uthuthukise impilo yakho yonke.
• Imithi, njenge
  • Ama-bronchodilators, akhulula imisipha ezungeze umoya wakho. Lokhu kusiza ukuvula imigwaqo yakho yomoya nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Iningi lama-bronchodilators athathwa nge-inhaler. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, i-inhaler ingaqukatha ne-steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
  • Imishanguzo yomkhuhlane ne-pneumococcal pneumonia, ngoba abantu abane-emphysema basengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela kulezi zifo
  • Ama-antibiotic uma uthola ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kwebhaktheriya noma kwegciwane
• Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen, uma une-emphysema enzima namazinga aphansi oksijini egazini lakho. Ukwelashwa kwe-oxygen kungakusiza uphefumule kangcono. Ungadinga i-oxygen eyengeziwe ngaso sonke isikhathi noma ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu, okuwuhlelo olusiza ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula okungapheli. Kungabandakanya
  • Uhlelo lokuzivocavoca umzimba
  • Ukuqeqeshwa kokuphathwa kwezifo
  • Ukwelulekwa ngokudla okunempilo
  • Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo
• Ukuhlinzwa, imvamisa njengendawo yokugcina abantu abanezimpawu ezinzima ezingakabi ngcono ngemithi. Kukhona ukuhlinzwa ukuze
  • Susa izicubu zamaphaphu ezilimele
  • Susa izikhala ezinkulu zomoya (ama-bullae) ezingakha lapho amasaka omoya ebhujiswa. Ama-bullae angaphazamisa ukuphefumula.
  • Yenza ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu. Lokhu kungaba inketho uma une-emphysema ebucayi kakhulu.

Uma une-emphysema, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungaluthola nini futhi kuphi usizo lwezimpawu zakho. Kufanele uthole ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma unezimpawu ezinzima, njengenkinga yokubamba umoya wakho noma ukukhuluma. Shayela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu noma uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane.

Ingabe i-emphysema ingavinjelwa?

Njengoba ukubhema kubangela amacala amaningi we-emphysema, indlela engcono yokukuvimbela ukungabhemi. Kubalulekile nokuzama ukugwema izinto ezicasula amaphaphu njengentuthu kagwayi, ukungcoliswa komoya, intuthu yamakhemikhali kanye nothuli.

I-NIH: I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute