Isifuba Somoya

Isifuba somoya yisifo esingalapheki esidala ukuthi imigwaqo yomoya yamaphaphu ivuvukale futhi ibe mincane. Kuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula njengokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okuncane, ukuqina kwesifuba, nokukhwehlela.

Isifuba somoya sibangelwa ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) ezindizeni zomoya. Lapho kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya, ulwelwesi lwamaphaseji omoya luyakhukhumala futhi imisipha ezungeze imigwaqo yomoya iyaqina. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lomoya ongadlula ngendlela yomoya.

Izimpawu zesifuba somoya zingadalwa ukuphefumula izinto ezibizwa ngama-allergen noma ama-trigger, noma ngezinye izimbangela.

Izimbangela ezivamile ze-asthma zifaka:

• Izilwane (izinwele zezilwane noma i-dander)
• Izibungu zothuli
• Imithi ethile (i-aspirin namanye ama-NSAIDS)
• Izinguquko kusimo sezulu (imvamisa kuyabanda)
• Amakhemikhali asemoyeni noma ekudleni
• Umsebenzi womzimba
• Isikhunta
• Impova
• Izifo zokuphefumula, njengomkhuhlane ovamile
• Imizwelo enamandla (ukucindezeleka)
• Intuthu kagwayi

Izinto kwezinye izindawo zomsebenzi nazo zingadala izimpawu zesifuba somoya, okuholele ekuthini u-asthma usebenze. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu uthuli lwokhuni, uthuli lokusanhlamvu, i-dander yezilwane, isikhunta, noma amakhemikhali.

Abantu abaningi abane-asthma banomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wokungezwani komzimba, njenge-hay fever (i-allergen rhinitis) noma i-eczema. Abanye abanamlando wokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.

Izimpawu zesifuba somoya ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu. Isibonelo, ungahle ube nezimpawu ngaso sonke isikhathi noma ikakhulu ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba.

Iningi labantu abane-asthma banokuhlaselwa okuhlukaniswe yizikhathi ezingenazimpawu. Abanye abantu banesikhathi eside sokuphefumula ngeziqephu zokuphefumula okwengeziwe. Ukuqhuma noma ukukhwehlela kungaba uphawu olukhulu.

Ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma kungahlala imizuzu kuya ezinsukwini. Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kungaqala ngokuzumayo noma kuthuthuke kancane ngaphezulu kwamahora ambalwa noma izinsuku. Kungaba yingozi uma ukuphuma komoya kuvinjelwe kanzima.

Izimpawu ze-asthma zifaka:

• Ukukhwehlela noma ngaphandle kwesikhwehlela (phlegm)
• Ukudonsa isikhumba phakathi kwezimbambo lapho uphefumula (ukuhlehlisa okungaphakathi kwe-intercostal)
• Ukuphefumula okuya kuba kubi kakhulu ngokuzivocavoca noma ngokwenza
• Ukushaya ikhwela noma ukuphefumula njengoba uphefumula
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni
• Kunzima ukulala
• Iphethini engavamile yokuphefumula (ukuphefumula kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunokuphefumula)
  

Izimpawu eziphuthumayo ezidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha zifaka:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni nasebusweni
• Izinga elinciphile lokuqapha, njengokulala okukhulu noma ukudideka, ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya
• Ukuphefumula kanzima kakhulu
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngenxa yokuphefumula okuncane
• Ukujuluka
• Kunzima ukukhuluma
• Ukuphefumula kuyama okwesikhashana

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzosebenzisa i-stethoscope ukulalela amaphaphu akho. Ukuqhuma noma eminye imisindo ehlobene nesifuba ingase izwakale. Umhlinzeki uzothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubona ukuthi umuntu one-asthma uyaliwa yini nezinto ezithile
• Igesi yegazi emithanjeni - evame ukwenziwa kubantu abahlaselwa yisifuba somoya
• I-x-ray yesifuba - ukukhipha ezinye izimo
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu, kufaka phakathi izilinganiso zokugeleza okuphezulu

Izinhloso zokwelashwa yilezi:

• Lawula ukuvuvukala komoya
• Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwezinto ezingadala izimpawu zakho
• Kukusiza ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ejwayelekile ngaphandle kokuba nezimpawu zesifuba somoya

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nisebenze njengeqembu ukuphatha izimpawu zakho ze-asthma. Landela imiyalo yomhlinzeki wakho ngokuthatha imithi, ukuqeda izimbangela zesifuba somoya, kanye nezimpawu zokuqapha.

IMITHI YESIFO SOMBEFU

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi yokwelapha i-asthma:

• Lawula imithi ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa
• Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha (yokutakula) ezosetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa

IMITHI ESIKHATHI ESIDE

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi yimithi yesondlo noma yokulawula. Zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izimpawu kubantu abane-asthma elinganiselayo. Kufanele uzithathe nsuku zonke ukuze zisebenze. Yithathe noma ngabe uzizwa ulungile.

Eminye imithi yesikhathi eside iphefumulelwa ngaphakathi (ihogelwe), njenge-steroids kanye nama-beta-agonists asebenza isikhathi eside. Ezinye zithathwa ngomlomo (ngomlomo). Umhlinzeki wakho uzokunikeza umuthi ofanele.

IMITHI YOKUSIZA NGOKUSHESHA

Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi yimithi yokutakula. Ziyathathwa:

• Ngokukhwehlela, ukuqhuma, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya
• Ngaphambi nje kokuvivinya umzimba ukusiza ukuvimbela izimpawu zesifuba somoya

Tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma usebenzisa imishanguzo esheshayo kabili ngesonto noma ngaphezulu. Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi i-asthma yakho ingalawulwa. Umhlinzeki wakho angashintsha umthamo noma umuthi wakho wokulawula isifuba sansuku zonke.

Imithi yokusiza ngokushesha ifaka:

• Ama-bronchodilator asebenza okufushane
• Ama-corticosteroids omlomo wokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okunzima

Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kanzima kudinga ukuhlolwa udokotela. Ungadinga nokuhlala esibhedlela. Lapho, cishe uzonikezwa umoya-mpilo, usizo lokuphefumula, nemithi enikezwa ngomthambo (IV).

UKUNAKEKELWA ISIFO SESIFUBA EKHAYA

Ungathatha izinyathelo zokwehlisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya:

• Yazi izimpawu ze-asthma okufanele uzibuke.
• Yazi ukuthi ungakuthatha kanjani ukufundwa kokugeleza kokuphakama kwakho nokuthi kusho ukuthini.
• Yazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela ezenza i-asthma yakho ibe yimbi nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka.
• Yazi ukuthi ungasinakekela kanjani isifuba somoya somoya ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba noma sokuvivinya umzimba.

Izinhlelo zokwenza i-asthma yimibhalo ebhaliwe yokulawula i-asthma. Uhlelo lwesenzo se-asthma kufanele lubandakanye:

• Imiyalo yokuthatha imithi yesifuba somoya uma isimo sakho sizinzile
• Uhlu lwezimbangela ze-asthma nokuthi ungazigwema kanjani
• Ungabona kanjani ukuthi i-asthma yakho iya ngokuya iba nzima, nokuthi ungabiza nini umhlinzeki wakho

Imitha yokugeleza okuphezulu iyithuluzi elilula ukukala ukuthi ungawususa kanjani masinyane umoya emaphashini akho.

• Kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kuyeza yini, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Izilinganiso zokugeleza okuphezulu zisiza ukukwazisa lapho udinga ukuthatha umuthi noma esinye isenzo.
• Inani eliphakeme lokugeleza kwe-50% kuya ku-80% yemiphumela yakho emihle kakhulu iwuphawu lokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya okulingene. Izinombolo ezingezansi kwama-50% ziwuphawu lokuhlaselwa okunzima.

Alikho ikhambi le-asthma, yize izimpawu kwesinye isikhathi zithuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuzinakekela okufanele nokwelashwa okufanele, iningi labantu abane-asthma lingaphila impilo ejwayelekile.

Izinkinga ze-asthma zingaba nzima, futhi zingafaka:

• Ukufa
• Ukwehla kwekhono lokuzivocavoca nokubamba iqhaza kweminye imisebenzi
• Ukungalali ngenxa yezimpawu zasebusuku
• Izinguquko ezingapheli ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• Ukuphefumula okunenkinga okudinga usizo lokuphefumula (i-ventilator)

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho ukuze uthole i-aphoyintimenti uma kuvela izimpawu ze-asthma.

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma:

• Ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kufuna umuthi omningi kunokunconywa
• Izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma azithuthuki ngokwelashwa
• Unomoya omfishane ngenkathi ukhuluma
• Isilinganiso sakho sokugeleza esiphakeme ngama-50% kuya kuma-80% wokuhamba kwakho komuntu siqu

Iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka lezi zimpawu:

• Ukozela noma ukudideka
• Ukuphefumula kanzima lapho uphumule
• Isilinganiso sokugeleza okuphezulu esingaphansi kuka-50% wokungcono kwakho komuntu siqu
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni nasebusweni
• Ukuphefumula kanzima kakhulu
• Ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngenxa yokuphefumula okuncane

Unganciphisa izimpawu ze-asthma ngokugwema izimbangela nezinto ezicasula imigwaqo yomoya.

• Mboza okombhede ngamakhasethi angenabufakazi bokwaliwa wukunciphisa ubungozi ezintuthwaneni.
• Susa okhaphethi emakamelweni okulala bese uhlanza njalo.
• Sebenzisa okokuhlanza okungenasenti nezinto zokuhlanza ekhaya.
• Gcina amazinga omswakama ephansi futhi ulungise ukuvuza ukuze unciphise ukukhula kwezinto ezifana nesikhunta.
• Gcina indlu ihlanzekile futhi ugcine ukudla ezitsheni nakumagumbi okulala. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba ophela. Izitho zomzimba kanye nobulongwe obusuka emaphele kungadala ukuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya kwabanye abantu.
• Uma umuntu eguliswa isilwane esingasuswa ekhaya, isilwane kufanele sikhishwe ngaphandle kwekamelo lokulala. Beka okokuhlunga ngaphezulu kwezindawo zokushisa / zokungenisa umoya ekhaya lakho ukubamba isicupho sesilwane. Shintsha isihlungi kumakhishi nakuma-conditioner kaningi.
• Susa intuthu kagwayi ekhaya. Le yinto ebaluleke kakhulu umndeni ongayenza ukusiza umuntu one-asthma. Ukubhema ngaphandle kwendlu akwanele. Amalungu omndeni nezivakashi ezibhemela ngaphandle ziphethe izinsalela zentuthu ngaphakathi ezingutsheni nasezinweleni zazo. Lokhu kungadala izimpawu ze-asthma. Uma ubhema, manje yisikhathi esihle sokuyeka.
• Gwema ukungcoliswa komoya, uthuli lwezimboni, nentuthu ecasulayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isifuba somoya i-bronchial asthma; Ukuphefumula - isifuba somoya - abantu abadala

• Isifuba somoya nesikole
• Izidakamizwa zokulawula i-asthma
• Isifuba somoya kubantu abadala - ukuthi ubuze ini kudokotela
• Isifuba somoya - izidakamizwa zokusiza ngokushesha
• I-bronchoconstriction ebangelwa ukuzivocavoca
• Ukuzivocavoca nesifuba somoya esikoleni
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-nebulizer
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler - akukho spacer
• Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-inhaler - ene-spacer
• Uyisebenzisa kanjani imitha yakho yokugeleza okuphezulu
• Yenza ukugeleza okuphezulu kube umkhuba
• Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifuba somoya
• Hlala kude nezimbangela ze-asthma
• Ukuhamba nezinkinga zokuphefumula

• Amaphaphu
• I-Spirometry
• Isifuba Somoya
• Inani eliphakeme lokugeleza
• I-asthmatic bronchiole ne-bronchiole ejwayelekile
• Izimbangela ze-asthma ezivamile
• Isifuba somoya esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala - Uchungechunge
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-metered dose inhaler - Series
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Nebulizer - uchungechunge
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamamitha okugeleza okuphezulu - Uchungechunge

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UBrozek JL, uBousquet J, u-Agache I, et al. I-allergen rhinitis kanye nomthelela wayo eziqondisweni ze-asthma (ARIA) -2016 revision. J Ukungezwani komzimba ne-Immunol. 2017; 140 (4): 950-958. PMID: 28602936 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28602936.

U-Liu AH, uSpahn JD, uSicherer SH. I-asthma yobuntwana. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 169.

UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM. Isifuba Somoya. Ku: UMarcdante KJ, uKliegman RM, ama-eds. UNelson Essentials Pediatrics. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 78.

I-Nowak RM, iTokarski GF. Isifuba Somoya. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 63.