Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho

I-Cerebral palsy yiqembu lokuphazamiseka okungabandakanya ubuchopho, okuthinta ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa, njengokuhamba, ukufunda, ukuzwa, ukubona nokucabanga.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-cerebral palsy, kufaka phakathi i-spastic, i-dyskinetic, i-ataxic, i-hypotonic, kanye nokuxubekile.

I-Cerebral palsy ibangelwa ukulimala noma ukungajwayelekile kobuchopho. Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zenzeka njengoba ingane ikhula esibelethweni. Kodwa zingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yokuphila, ngenkathi ubuchopho bengane busakhula.

Kwabanye abantu abane-cerebral palsy, izingxenye zobuchopho ziyalimala ngenxa yezinga eliphansi le-oxygen (hypoxia) kulezo zindawo. Akwaziwa ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.

Izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zisengozini ethe xaxa yokuthola ukukhubazeka kobuchopho. I-Cerebral palsy nayo ingenzeka ngesikhathi sokususana ngenxa yezimo eziningana, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukopha ebuchosheni
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (i-encephalitis, i-meningitis, i-herpes simplex izifo)
• Ukulimala ekhanda
• Ukutheleleka kumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (rubella)
• I-jaundice engalashwa
• Ukulimala ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokubeletha

Kwezinye izimo, imbangela yokukhubazeka kobuchopho ayikaze inqunywe.

Izimpawu zokukhubazeka kobuchopho zingahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abanaleli qembu lezinkinga. Izimpawu zinga:

• Yiba mnene kakhulu noma ube lukhuni kakhulu
• Faka kuphela uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba noma izinhlangothi zombili
• Kwaziwa kakhulu ezingalweni noma emilenzeni, noma faka zombili izingalo nemilenze

Izimpawu zivame ukubonwa ngaphambi kokuba ingane ibe neminyaka emibili ubudala. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu ziqala ezinyangeni ezintathu. Abazali bangaqaphela ukuthi ingane yabo ibambezelekile ukufinyelela izigaba zokukhula njengokuhlala, ukuzigingqa, ukukhasa noma ukuhamba.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhubazeka kobuchopho. Abanye abantu banenhlanganisela yezimpawu.

I-Spastic cerebral palsy uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Imisipha eqinile futhi enganwebeki. Bangase baqinise nakakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukuhamba okungajwayelekile (i-gait) - izingalo ziboshwe zibheke ezinhlangothini, amadolo awele noma athinte, imilenze yenza ukunyakaza "kwesikele", ukuhamba ngezinzwane.
• Amalunga aqinile futhi awavuleki yonke indlela (ebizwa ngokuthi isivumelwano ngokuhlanganyela).
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukulahleka kokuhamba eqenjini lemisipha (ukukhubazeka).
• Izimpawu zingathinta ingalo noma umlenze owodwa, uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba, imilenze yomibili, noma zombili izingalo nemilenze.

Lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zingavela kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhubazeka kobuchopho:

• Ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile (ukusonta, ukujija, noma ukugoqana) kwezandla, izinyawo, izingalo, noma imilenze ngenkathi uphapheme, okuya kuba kubi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka
• Ukuthuthumela
• Ukuhamba okungamile
• Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumana
• Imisipha ye-Floppy, ikakhulukazi ekuphumuleni, nasemalungeni ahamba kakhulu

Ezinye izimpawu zobuchopho nezesistimu yezinzwa zingafaka:

• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda kuvamile, kepha ubuhlakani bungaba yinto ejwayelekile
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma (i-dysarthria)
• Izinkinga zokuzwa noma zokubona
• Ukuquleka
• Ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala, okungaba nzima ukuphatha

Izimpawu zokudla nokugaya:

• Kunzima ukuncela noma ukuncelisa izinsana, noma ukuhlafuna nokugwinya ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala
• Ukuhlanza noma ukuqunjelwa

Ezinye izimpawu:

• Ukwanda kokukhipha amathe
• Ihamba kancane kunokukhula okujwayelekile
• Ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile
• Ukungakwazi ukubamba umchamo

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-neurologic. Kubantu abadala, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwengqondo nakho kubalulekile.

Ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa njengoba kudingeka, imvamisa ukukhipha ezinye izinkinga:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Isikrini sokuzwa
• I-MRI yekhanda
• Ukuhlolwa kombono

Alikho ikhambi lokukhubazeka kobuchopho. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukusiza umuntu ukuthi azimele ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukwelashwa kudinga indlela yeqembu, kufaka phakathi:

• Udokotela wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo
• Udokotela wamazinyo (kunconywa ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha)
• Usonhlala kahle
• Abahlengikazi
• Abelaphi bomsebenzi, bomzimba, kanye nenkulumo
• Abanye ongoti, kufaka phakathi i-neurologist, udokotela wokuvuselela, i-pulmonologist kanye ne-gastroenterologist

Ukwelashwa kusekelwe kwizimpawu zomuntu kanye nesidingo sokuvimbela izinkinga.

Ukuzinakekela nokuzinakekela kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuthola ukudla okwanele nomsoco
• Ukugcina ikhaya liphephile
• Ukwenza izivivinyo ezinconywe abahlinzeki
• Ukuzijwayeza ukunakekelwa kwamathumbu ngendlela efanele (ukuthambisa indle, uketshezi, ifayibha, imishanguzo, imikhuba yamathumbu ejwayelekile)
• Ukuvikela amalunga ekulimaleni

Ukufakwa kwengane ezikoleni ezijwayelekile kunconywa ngaphandle kokuthi ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba noma ukukhula kwengqondo kwenza lokhu kungenzeki. Imfundo ekhethekile noma isikole kungasiza.

Okulandelayo kungasiza ekuxhumaneni nasekufundeni:

• Izibuko
• Izinsiza-kuzwa
• Imisipha namathambo
• Izinsiza zokuhamba
• Izihlalo ezinamasondo

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, usizo lwamathambo, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha kungadingeka futhi ukusiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke nokunakekelwa.

Imithi ingafaka:

• Ama-Anticonvulsants ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa imvamisa yokuquleka
• Ubuthi beBotulinum ukusiza nge-spasticity nangokukhipha amathe
• Ukuphumula kwemisipha ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela nokuqina

Ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka kwezinye izimo uku:

• Lawula i-reflux ye-gastroesophageal
• Sika izinzwa ezithile ezisuka entanjeni yomgogodla ukusiza ngobuhlungu nokuqina
• Faka amashubhu wokudla
• Khipha izinkontileka ezihlangene

Ukucindezeleka nokukhathala phakathi kwabazali nabanye abanakekeli babantu abane-cerebral palsy kuvamile. Funa ukwesekwa kanye neminye imininingwane ezinhlanganweni ezikhethekile ngokukhubazeka kobuchopho.

I-Cerebral palsy ukuphazamiseka kwempilo yonke. Ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kungadingeka. Lesi sifo asithinti ubude bempilo obulindelekile. Inani lokukhubazeka liyahlukahluka.

Abantu abadala abaningi bayakwazi ukuhlala emphakathini, ngokuzimela noma ngamazinga ahlukene osizo.

I-cerebral palsy ingaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuncipha kwamathambo (ukukhumuzeka kwamathambo)
• Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Hip kanye ne-arthritis ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-hip
• Ukulimala kokuwa
• Izilonda zengcindezi
• Izinkontileka ezihlangene
• I-pneumonia ebangelwa ukuminyana
• Ukungondleki kahle
• Ukwehlisa amakhono okuxhumana (kwesinye isikhathi)
• Ukwehlisa ukuqonda (kwesinye isikhathi)
• I-Scoliosis
• Ukuquleka (cishe engxenyeni yabantu abathintekayo yi-cerebral palsy)
• Ukucwaswa komphakathi

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma izimpawu zokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy zikhula, ikakhulukazi uma wazi ukuthi ukulimala kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma kwasebusheni.

Ukuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngaphambi kokubeletha kunganciphisa ubungozi bezimbangela ezithile ezingavamile zokukhubazeka kobuchopho. Ezimweni eziningi noma kunjalo, ukulimala okubangela lesi sifo akuvinjelwe.

Omama abakhulelwe abanezimo ezithile zezempilo kungadingeka ukuthi balandelwe emtholampilo osengcupheni yokubeletha.

Ukukhubazeka okubabazekayo; Ukukhubazeka - spastic; I-hemiplegia evuthayo; I-sple diplegia; I-Spastic quadriplegia

• Ukudla okunomsoco - izinkinga zokuphatha izingane
• Ishubhu yokudla ye-Gastrostomy - bolus
• Ishubhu yokudla yeJejunostomy

• Isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi nesistimu yezinzwa ezungezayo

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