I-Erythema multiforme

I-Erythema multiforme (EM) ukusabela okunamandla kwesikhumba okuvela ekuthelelekeni noma kwesinye isifo. I-EM yisifo esizikhawulayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imvamisa iyazixazulula ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

I-EM uhlobo lokuphendula okweqile. Ezimweni eziningi, kwenzeka ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kubangelwa yimithi ethile noma ukugula okubanzi komzimba (systemic).

Izifo ezingaholela ku-EM zifaka:

• Ama-virus, njenge-herpes simplex adala izilonda ezibandayo kanye ne-herpes yesitho sangasese (ezivame kakhulu)
• Amagciwane, njenge I-Mycoplasma pneumoniaelokho kubangela ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• Isikhunta, njenge I-Histoplasma capsulatum, Lokho kubangela i-histoplasmosis

Imithi engadala i-EM ifaka phakathi:

• Ama-NSAID
• I-Allopurinol (iphatha i-gout)
• Amanye ama-antibiotic, njenge-sulfonamides nama-aminopenicillin
• Imithi elwa nokuquleka

Izifo zesistimu ezihlotshaniswa ne-EM zifaka:

• Isifo samathumbu esivuthayo, njengesifo seCrohn
• Uhlelo lupus erythematosus

I-EM yenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-40 ubudala. Abantu abane-EM bangaba namalungu omndeni nabo abake baba ne-EM.

Izimpawu ze-EM zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Khwehlela
• Iphunga eligijimayo
• Ukuzizwa okuvamile
• Isikhumba esilumayo
• Izinhlungu ezihlangene
• Izilonda eziningi zesikhumba (izilonda noma izindawo ezingavamile)

Izilonda zesikhumba zinga:

• Qala ngokushesha
• Buya
• Ukubhebhetheka
• Ukhuliswe noma ukhishwe umbala
• Kubukeka sengathi isifuba
• Yiba nesilonda esiphakathi esizungezwe izindandatho ezibomvu eziphaphathekile, esibizwa nangokuthi ilitshe, iris, noma izinkunzi-iso
• Yiba namaqhubu agcwele uketshezi noma amabhamuza osayizi abahlukahlukene
• Tholakala emzimbeni ongenhla, emilenzeni, ezingalweni, ezintendeni, ezandleni, noma ezinyaweni
• Faka ubuso noma izindebe
• Kubonakala ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba (okulinganayo)

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Amehlo abomvu igazi
• Amehlo omile
• Ukushisa kwamehlo, ukulunywa nokukhipha
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Izinkinga zombono

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-EM:

• I-EM encane ivame ukufaka isikhumba futhi kwesinye isikhathi izilonda zomlomo.
• I-EM enkulu ivame ukuqala ngomkhuhlane kanye nama-joint aches. Ngaphandle kwezilonda zesikhumba nezilonda zomlomo, kungahle kube nezilonda emehlweni, ezithweni zangasese, ezindleleni zomoya zamaphaphu noma emathunjini.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobheka isikhumba sakho ukuthola i-EM. Uzobuzwa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, njengokutheleleka kwakamuva noma imithi oyithathile.

Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Isikhumba lesion biopsy
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zesikhumba ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu

I-EM ivame ukuzihambela yodwa noma ingekho ukwelashwa.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokuyeka uyeke ukusebenzisa noma yimiphi imithi engadala inkinga. Kodwa, ungayeki ukuthatha imithi ngokwakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho kuqala.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Imithi, efana nama-antihistamine, ukulawula ukulunywa
• Ukucindezela okumanzi kufakwa esikhunjeni
• Imithi yezinhlungu yokwehlisa umkhuhlane nokungaphatheki kahle
• Umlomo ugeza ukuze unciphise ukungaphatheki kahle kwezilonda zomlomo eziphazamisa ukudla nokuphuza
• Imithi elwa namagciwane yezifo zesikhumba
• I-Corticosteroids yokulawula ukuvuvukala
• Imithi yezimpawu zamehlo

Inhlanzeko enhle ingasiza ekuvikeleni ukutheleleka kwesibili (izifo ezenzeka ekwelapheni ukutheleleka kokuqala).

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikrini selanga, okokugqoka okuvikelayo, nokugwema ukuchayeka ngokweqile elangeni kungavimbela ukuphindeka kwe-EM.

Izinhlobo ezincane ze-EM zivame ukuba ngcono emavikini amabili kuya kwayisithupha, kepha inkinga ingabuya.

Izinkinga ze-EM zingafaka:

• Umbala wesikhumba ophundlekile
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-EM, ikakhulukazi ngokutheleleka nge-HSV

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ze-EM.

EM; I-Erythema multiforme encane; I-Erythema multiforme enkulu; I-Erythema multiforme encane - erythema multiforme von Hebra; Isifo esibucayi se-bullous - erythema multiforme; I-Herpes simplex - erythema multiforme

• I-Erythema multiforme ezandleni
• I-Erythema multiforme, izilonda eziyindilinga - izandla
• I-Erythema multiforme, izilonda ezibhekiswe entendeni yesandla
• I-Erythema multiforme emlenzeni
• I-Erythema multiforme esandleni
• Ukuqothulwa okulandela i-erythroderma

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URubenstein JB, uSpektor T. Conjunctivitis: othelelanayo futhi ongathatheleli. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 4.6.

U-Shah KN. I-Urticaria ne-erythema multiforme. Ku: SS ende, Prober CG, Fischer M, eds. Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza Kwezifo Ezithathelwanayo Zengane. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 72.