I-Retinoblastoma

I-Retinoblastoma iyisigaxa samehlo esingajwayelekile esivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni. Kuyisilonda esibuhlungu (esinomdlavuza) sengxenye yeso okuthiwa i-retina.

I-Retinoblastoma ibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukuthi amaseli ahlukana kanjani. Ngenxa yalokho, amaseli akhula engalawuleki futhi aba nomdlavuza.

Cishe uhhafu wamacala, lokhu kuguquka kuyenzeka enganeni emndenini wayo ongakaze ube nomdlavuza wamehlo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuguquka kwenzeka emalungwini omndeni ambalwa. Uma ukuguquka kugijima emndenini, kunamathuba angama-50% okuthi izingane zomuntu othintekayo nazo zibe noshintsho. Ngakho-ke lezi zingane zizoba nengozi enkulu yokuzakhela i-retinoblastoma uqobo.

Umdlavuza uvame ukuthinta izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Kutholakala kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-2 ubudala.

Iso elilodwa noma womabili angathinteka.

Inhlamvu yeso ingahle ibonakale imhlophe noma inamabala amhlophe. Ukukhanya okumhlophe esweni kuvame ukubonakala ezithombeni ezithathwe nge-flash. Esikhundleni se "iso elibomvu" elijwayelekile elivela ku-flash, umfundi angahle abonakale emhlophe noma ehlanekezelwe.

Ezinye izimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Amehlo awele
• Umbono ophindwe kabili
• Amehlo angahambisani
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo nokubomvu
• Ukungaboni kahle
• Imibala ehlukile ye-iris esweni ngalinye

Uma umdlavuza usakazekile, ubuhlungu bamathambo nezinye izimpawu kungenzeka.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo. Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• I-CT scan noma i-MRI yekhanda
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo ngokunwebeka komfundi
• I-Ultrasound yeso (ikhanda nehlo le-echoencephalogram)

Izinketho zokwelashwa zixhomeke kubukhulu nasendaweni yesimila:

• Izicubu ezincane zingaphathwa ngokuhlinzwa nge-laser noma nge-cryotherapy (okokuqandisa).
• Imisebe isetshenziselwa kokubili isimila esingaphakathi kweso kanye nezicubu ezinkulu.
• I-Chemotherapy ingadingeka uma isimila sisakazeke ngaphesheya kweso.
• Iso kungadingeka lisuswe (inqubo ebizwa nge-enucleation) uma isimila singaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa. Kwezinye izimo, kungaba yindlela yokuqala yokwelashwa.

Uma umdlavuza ungakaze usabalale ngaphesheya kweso, cishe bonke abantu bangalapheka. Ikhambi, noma kunjalo, lingadinga ukwelashwa okunolaka ngisho nokususwa kweso ukuze liphumelele.

Uma umdlavuza usabalele ngaphesheya kweso, amathuba okwelashwa aphansi futhi kuncike ekutheni isimila sisakaze kanjani.

Ubumpumputhe bungaba khona esweni elithintekile. Isimila singasakazeka kusokhethi yamehlo ngenzwa ye-optic. Kungasakazeka nasebuchosheni, emaphashini nasemathanjeni.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma izimpawu noma izimpawu ze-retinoblastoma zikhona, ikakhulukazi uma amehlo engane yakho ebukeka engajwayelekile noma ebonakala engajwayelekile ezithombeni.

Ukwelulekwa ngofuzo kungasiza imindeni ukuthi iqonde ubungozi be-retinoblastoma. Kubaluleke kakhulu lapho amalungu omndeni angaphezu kwelilodwa enalesi sifo, noma uma i-retinoblastoma ivela emehlweni womabili.

Isimila - i-retina; Umdlavuza - i-retina; Umdlavuza wamehlo - i-retinoblastoma

• Iso

UCheng KP. I-Ophthalmology. Ku: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, ama-eds. UZitelli noDavis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 20.

UKim JW, uMansfield NC, uMurphree AL. I-Retinoblastoma. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Weidemann P, abahleli. URitina kaRyan. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 132.

UTarek N, uHerzog CE. I-Retinoblastoma. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 529.