Ukuhamba okungajwayelekile

Ukungajwayelekile kokuhamba kungamaphethini wokuhamba angajwayelekile futhi angalawuleki. Imvamisa kungenxa yezifo noma ukulimala emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, ebuchosheni, emgogodleni, noma endlebeni yangaphakathi.

Iphethini yokuthi umuntu uhamba kanjani ibizwa ngokuthi yi-gait. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga zokuhamba zenzeka ngaphandle kokulawulwa komuntu. Iningi, kepha hhayi lonke, kungenxa yesimo somzimba.

Okunye okungajwayelekile kokuhamba kunikezwe amagama:

• I-propulsive gait - ukuma okuqinile, okuqinile nekhanda nentamo kugobile phambili
• Isikele sihamba - imilenze igobeka kancane okhalweni nasemadolweni njengokugoba, ngamadolo namathanga kushaya noma kweqe ngokunyakaza okufana nesikele
• I-Spastic gait - ukuhamba okuqinile, okuhudula izinyawo okubangelwa ukusikwa kwemisipha ende kolunye uhlangothi
• I-steppage gait - ukwehla konyawo lapho unyawo ulenga khona izinzwane zikhomba phansi, okwenza izinzwane zikhuhle umhlabathi ngenkathi zihamba, zidinga ukuthi umuntu aphakamise umlenze uphakeme kunokujwayelekile lapho ehamba
• I-Waddling gait - ukuhamba okufana nedada okungavela ebuntwaneni noma kamuva empilweni
• I-Ataxic, noma ebanzi, i-gait - izinyawo ububanzi ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, okujiyile, nokweluka noma ukushaya ngempama lapho uzama ukuhamba
• I-Magnetic gait - ukushova ngezinyawo uzizwa sengathi kunamathela phansi

Ukuhamba okungajwayelekile kungadalwa yizifo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zomzimba.

Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zokuhamba okungajwayelekile zingabandakanya:

• I-arthritis yamalunga omlenze noma onyawo
• Isifo sokuguquka (ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo)
• Izinkinga zonyawo (njenge-callus, ummbila, uzipho lwangaphakathi, insumpa, ubuhlungu, isikhumba esibuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuphazamiseka)
• Ithambo eliphukile
• Imijovo emisipheni edala ukuqaqamba emlenzeni noma ezinqeni
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukulimala
• Imilenze enobude obuhlukile
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwemisipha (myositis)
• Izicucu ze-Shin
• Izinkinga zezicathulo
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala kwamathenda (tendinitis)
• Ukudonswa kwamasende
• Ubuchopho, umgogodla, kanye nezifo zemizwa yezinzwa

Lolu hlu alufaki zonke izimbangela zokuhamba okungajwayelekile.

IZIMBANGELA ZOKUTHOLA OKUKHETHEKILE

I-propulsive gait:

• Ubuthi be-Carbon monoxide
• Ubuthi beManganese
• Isifo se-Parkinson
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile, kufaka phakathi i-phenothiazines, i-haloperidol, i-thiothixene, i-loxapine, ne-metoclopramide (imvamisa, imiphumela yezidakamizwa ingeyesikhashana)

I-Spastic noma isikele gait:

• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Ingqondo noma ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda
• Isigaxa sobuchopho
• Unhlangothi
• Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho
• I-spondylosis yomlomo wesibeletho ene-myelopathy (inkinga nge-vertebrae entanyeni)
• Ukuhluleka kwesibindi
• I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• I-anemia enamandla (isimo lapho kungekho khona amaseli abomvu anempilo anele okunikeza umoya-mpilo kuzicubu zomzimba)
• Ukuhlukumezeka kwentambo yomgogodla
• Isigaxa somgogodla
• I-Neurosyphilis (ukutheleleka kwegciwane ebuchosheni noma intambo yomgogodla ngenxa yogcunsula)
• I-Syringomyelia (iqoqo le-cerebrospinal fluid elenzeka emgogodleni)

Ukuhamba kwekhasi lesinyathelo:

• Isifo se-Guillain-Barre
• Idiski ye-lumbar ye-Herniated
• I-Multiple sclerosis
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha ye-tibia
• I-Peroneal neuropathy
• Uvendle
• Ukulimala komgogodla

I-Waddling gait:

• I-hip dysplasia ezalwa nayo
• I-muscular dystrophy (iqembu lezinkinga ezizuzwe njengefa ezibanga ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokulahleka kwezicubu zemisipha)
• Isifo semisipha (i-myopathy)
• Umgogodla wemisipha yoma

I-Ataxic, noma ebanzi, isisekelo:

• I-acute cerebellar ataxia (ukunyakaza kwemisipha okungahambisani ngenxa yesifo noma ukulimala kwe-cerebellum ebuchosheni)
• Ukudakwa kotshwala
• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukulimala kwamaseli ezinzwa ku-cerebellum yobuchopho (ukonakala kwe-cerebellar)
• Imithi (i-phenytoin neminye imithi yokwelashwa)
• I-Polyneuropathy (ukulimala kwemizwa eminingi, njengoba kwenzeka ngesifo sikashukela)
• Unhlangothi

Ukuhamba Magnetic:

• Ukuphazamiseka okuthinta ingxenye yangaphambili yobuchopho
• I-Hydrocephalus (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho)

Ukwelapha imbangela kuvame ukuthuthukisa ukuthambeka. Isibonelo, ukungajwayelekile kokuhlukumezeka kuya engxenyeni yomlenze kuzothuthuka njengoba umlenze uphulukisa.

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba cishe kusiza njalo ngezifo zesikhashana noma zesikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa kuzonciphisa ubungozi bokuwa nokunye ukulimala.

Ngokuhamba okungajwayelekile okwenzeka ngokuguquguquka kokugula, ukwelulekwa nokwesekwa okuvela kumalungu omndeni kunconywa kakhulu.

Ukuhamba okuhambisanayo:

• Khuthaza umuntu ukuthi azimele ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Vumela isikhathi esiningi semisebenzi yansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi ukuhamba. Abantu abanale nkinga kungenzeka bawe ngoba abanobhalansi obubi futhi bahlala bezama ukuthola.
• Nikeza ngosizo lokuhamba ngezizathu zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini ongalingani.
• Bona i-Therapist yomzimba yokwelashwa kokuzivocavoca nokuqeqeshwa kabusha kokuhamba.

Okwezilinganiso zesikele:

• Abantu abane-gaiss scissors bavame ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwesikhumba. Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukugwema izilonda zesikhumba.
• Izinsimbi zomlenze kanye nezicathulo ezingaphakathi ezicathulweni kungasiza ekugcineni unyawo endaweni efanele yokuma nokuhamba. Udokotela ongokomzimba anganikeza lokhu futhi anikeze nokwelashwa kokuzivocavoca, uma kudingeka.
• Imithi (ama-relaxer emisipha, imishanguzo yokulwa nokuqina) inganciphisa ukusebenza ngokweqile kwemisipha.

Okwe-spastic gait:

• Ukuzivocavoca kuyakhuthazwa.
• Izinsimbi zomlenze nokufakwa ezicathulweni kungasiza ekugcineni unyawo endaweni efanele yokuma nokuhamba. Udokotela ongokomzimba anganikeza lokhu futhi anikeze nokwelashwa kokuzivocavoca, uma kudingeka.
• Kunconyelwa umoba noma i-walker kulabo abanesilinganiso esingesihle.
• Imithi (ama-relaxer emisipha, imishanguzo yokulwa nokuqina) inganciphisa ukusebenza ngokweqile kwemisipha.

Ukutholwa kwekhasi lesinyathelo:

• Phumula ngokwanele. Ukukhathala kungadala ukuthi umuntu akhubaze uzwane awe.
• Izinsimbi zomlenze nokufakwa ezicathulweni kungasiza ekugcineni unyawo endaweni efanele yokuma nokuhamba. Udokotela ongokomzimba anganikeza lokhu futhi anikeze nokwelashwa kokuzivocavoca, uma kudingeka.

Ukuze uthole ukuhamba okuhamba phambili, landela ukwelashwa okunikezwe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Ukuze uthole amandla kazibuthe ngenxa ye-hydrocephalus, ukuhamba kungathuthuka ngemuva kokuphathwa kobuchopho.

Uma kukhona noma yisiphi isibonakaliso sokungajwayelekile okungalawuleki futhi okungachazeki, shayela umhlinzeki wakho.

Umhlinzeki uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Imibuzo yomlando wezokwelapha ingafaka:

• Iphethini yesikhathi, njengokuthi yaqala nini inkinga, nokuthi ifike ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane
• Uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwe-gait, njenganoma yikuphi okubalulwe ngenhla
• Ezinye izimpawu, ezinjengobuhlungu nendawo okuyo, ukukhubazeka, noma ngabe kube khona ukutheleleka kwakamuva
• Imiphi imithi ethathwayo
• Umlando wokulimala, njengomlenze, ikhanda, noma ukulimala komgogodla
• Ezinye izifo ezifana novendle, izimila, unhlangothi noma ezinye izinkinga zemithambo yegazi
• Uma kube nezindlela zokwelapha zakamuva njengokugoma, ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Umlando wokuzimela nowomndeni, njengokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, izifo zesistimu yezinzwa, izinkinga zokukhula, izinkinga zomgogodla

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuzobandakanya ukuhlolwa kwemisipha, amathambo, kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa. Umhlinzeki uzonquma ukuthi iziphi izivivinyo okufanele azenze ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa komzimba.

Ukungajwayelekile

Magee DJ. Ukuhlolwa kokuhamba. Ku: Magee DJ, ed. Ukuhlolwa Komzimba Wamathambo. Umhlaka 6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 14.

Thompson PD, Nutt JG. Izinkinga ze-Gait. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 24.