Amaqiniso Okuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo, Izibalo, Nawe

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• 1. Isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD) siyimbangela yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• 2. Ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungaba okuphelele noma okuyingxenye.
• 3. I-CAD ingenzeka kubantu abadala abasebasha.
• 4. Isifo senhliziyo asikhethi.
• 5. Njalo ngonyaka, abantu baseMelika abangaba ngu-805,000 bahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• 6. Isifo senhliziyo singabiza kakhulu emnothweni waseMelika.
• 7. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kukhula ngokuqhubekayo kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40.
• 8. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuvame ukuhambisana nezimpawu ezinhlanu ezinkulu.
• 9. Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu ezehlukene.
• 10. Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• 11. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu uyingcuphe enkulu yesifo senhliziyo.
• 12. Amazinga we-cholesterol egazini angenampilo angakhuphula ubungozi besifo senhliziyo.
• 13. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakubeka engcupheni yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• 14. Ukushisa kwangaphandle kungathinta amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• 15. Ama-Vapes kanye ne-e-cigarettes kungakhuphula ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.
• 16. Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo sekuvame kakhulu kunokuba sicabanga.
• 17. Uma uke wahlaselwa yinhliziyo, usengozini enkulu yokuba nomunye futhi.
• 18. Izici ezithile zobungozi besifo senhliziyo azikwazi ukuguqulwa.
• 19. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungelashwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene.
• 20. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ukubuka konke

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, okubizwa nangokuthi i-myocardial infarction, kwenzeka lapho ingxenye yesicubu senhliziyo ingatholi ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele. Njalo lapho isicubu sinqatshelwa igazi, amathuba okulimala isikhathi eside enhliziyweni ayakhula.

Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungabulala. Ngubani onamathuba amaningi okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, futhi ungawanciphisa kanjani amathuba okuthi uzohlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo?

Amaqiniso nezibalo ezilandelayo zingakusiza:

• funda kabanzi ngesimo
• linganisa ubungozi bakho
• ziqaphele izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo

1. Isifo semithambo yegazi (CAD) siyimbangela yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

I-CAD ibangelwa ukwakheka kocwecwe (okwenziwe ngamadiphozithi e-cholesterol nokuvuvukala) odongeni lwemithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.

Ukwakhiwa kweplaque kubangela ukuthi ingaphakathi lemithambo linciphe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungavimba ukuhamba kwegazi. Noma, amadiphozithi e-cholesterol angachitheka emthanjeni futhi abangele ukujiya kwegazi.

2. Ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungaba okuphelele noma okuyingxenye.

Ukuvaleka okuphelele komthambo we-coronary kusho ukuthi uhlangabezane nesifo senhliziyo se- "STEMI", noma i-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Ukuvinjelwa okuncane kubizwa ngokuthi yi- "NSTEMI" isifo senhliziyo, noma i-non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

3. I-CAD ingenzeka kubantu abadala abasebasha.

Mayelana nabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu bane-CAD (cishe u-6.7%). Ungaba ne-CAD ngaphandle kokwazi.

4. Isifo senhliziyo asikhethi.

Kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwabantu bezinhlanga eziningi nezinhlanga e-United States.

Lokhu kufaka:

• I-African American
• Indiya laseMelika
• Umdabu wase-Alaska
• AmaSpanishi
• amadoda amhlophe

Isifo senhliziyo sesibili kuphela kumdlavuza wabesifazane abavela eziqhingini zasePacific nase-Asia American, American Indian, Alaska Native, kanye nabesifazane baseSpain.

5. Njalo ngonyaka, abantu baseMelika abangaba ngu-805,000 bahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Kulawa, isifo senhliziyo sokuqala kanti ezingama-200,000 zenzeka kubantu asebevele benesifo senhliziyo.

6. Isifo senhliziyo singabiza kakhulu emnothweni waseMelika.

Kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2015, isifo senhliziyo sabiza i-United States cishe. Lokhu kufaka izindleko ze:

• izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo
• imithi
• ukulahleka komkhiqizo ngenxa yokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

7. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kukhula ngokuqhubekayo kubantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40.

Leli qembu elincane kungenzeka lihlanganyele ngezinto eziyingozi zendabuko zokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, kufaka phakathi:

• isifo sikashukela
• cholesterol ephezulu
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ukubhema

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, kufaka phakathi insangu nokusetshenziswa kwe-cocaine, nakho kungaba yizimbangela. Abantu abancane ababa nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo bebesethubeni elikhulu lokubika ukusebenzisa lezi zinto ngokweqile.

8. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kuvame ukuhambisana nezimpawu ezinhlanu ezinkulu.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungaphatheki kahle
• ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka, unenhloko encane, noma uqulekile
• ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki emhlathini, entanyeni, noma emuva
• ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kahle engalweni eyodwa noma zombili noma ehlombe
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukujuluka noma isicanucanu

9. Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuba nezimpawu ezehlukene.

Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okuthola izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba "atypical" - hhayi ukuzwa okuvamile kwengcindezi yesifuba
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ukuhlungu obusemhlane
• ubuhlungu bomhlathi

10. Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ukubhema ugwayi kungalimaza inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, okwandisa ubungozi bezimo zenhliziyo, njenge-atherosclerosis nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

11. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu uyingcuphe enkulu yesifo senhliziyo.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wenzeka lapho ingcindezi yegazi emithanjeni yakho nakweminye imithambo yegazi iphakeme kakhulu futhi ingadala ukuthi imithambo yegazi iqine.

Unganciphisa umfutho wegazi lakho ngokushintsha kwempilo njengokunciphisa ukudla i-sodium noma ukuthatha imithi ukunciphisa ubungozi besifo senhliziyo nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.

12. Amazinga we-cholesterol egazini angenampilo angakhuphula ubungozi besifo senhliziyo.

I-cholesterol yinto enjenge-wax, efana namafutha eyenziwe yisibindi noma etholakala ekudleni okuthile.

I-cholesterol eyengeziwe ingakha ezindongeni zemithambo, ibangele ukuthi ibe mincane futhi yehlise ukugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni, ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

13. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakubeka engcupheni yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi futhi kuveze ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.

Zama ukunciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala kungabi ngaphezu kweziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku kwabesilisa futhi kungabi ngaphezu kwesiphuzo esisodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane.

14. Ukushisa kwangaphandle kungathinta amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwansuku zonke kwezinga lokushisa kwakuhlotshaniswa nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okukhulu kakhulu ocwaningweni olwenziwe e-American College of Cardiology's 67th Annual Scientific Session.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezulu zixhumanisa imicimbi yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okutholakele okusha kukhombisa ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kungaholela ekuphakameni lapho kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa inhliziyo.

15. Ama-Vapes kanye ne-e-cigarettes kungakhuphula ingozi yokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Abantu abadala ababika ukukhukhumeza i-e-cigarettes, noma vaping, maningi amathuba okuthi babe nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangazisebenzisi.

Ama-e-cigarettes amadivayisi aqhutshwa ngamabhethri alingisa okwenzeka ekubhemeni ugwayi.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nabangasebenzisi, abasebenzisi be-e-cigarette banamathuba angamaphesenti angama-56 okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo kanti amaphesenti angama-30 maningi amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi.

16. Ukuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo sekuvame kakhulu kunokuba sicabanga.

E-United States, othile unesifo senhliziyo.

17. Uma uke wahlaselwa yinhliziyo, usengozini enkulu yokuba nomunye futhi.

Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45 nangaphezulu abahlaselwe yisifo senhliziyo bazoba nomunye esikhathini seminyaka emihlanu.

18. Izici ezithile zobungozi besifo senhliziyo azikwazi ukuguqulwa.

Singakwazi ukuphatha ukukhetha kwethu ngendlela esiphila ngayo, kepha izici zobungozi zofuzo noma ezihlobene nobudala azikwazi ukulawulwa.

Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukukhula kweminyaka
• ukuba yilungu lobulili besilisa
• ifa

Izingane zabazali abanesifo senhliziyo kungenzeka ukuthi nabo bahlakulele isifo senhliziyo.

19. Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kungelashwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene.

Imithi yokwelashwa ehlanganisa:

• imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol
• ama-beta-blockers, anciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokukhipha inhliziyo
• ama-antithrombotics, avimbela amahlule egazi
• ama-statins, anciphisa i-cholesterol nokuvuvukala

20. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.

Ochwepheshe batusa:

• ukuyeka ukubhema, uma ubhema
• ukwamukela ukudla okunempilo
• ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka

Ukwenza lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuthuthukisa i-CAD nokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo.