Ingabe Ukuzwela Nge-Gluten Kungokoqobo? Ukubukeka Okubucayi

-Delile

• Kuyini i-gluten?
• Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-Gluten
• Kuyini ukuzwela kwe-gluten?
• Ukuzwela kwe-Gluten kungaba igama elingalungile
• Okubalulekile

Ngokusho kocwaningo luka-2013, umuntu wesithathu waseMelika uzama ngenkuthalo ukugwema i-gluten.

Kodwa isifo se-celiac, uhlobo olunzima kakhulu lokungabekezelelani kwe-gluten, sithinta kuphela abantu abangu-0.7-1% ().

Esinye isimo esibizwa ngokuzwela okungenayo i-celiac gluten kukhulunywa ngaso kakhulu emphakathini wezempilo kepha sinempikiswano enkulu phakathi kochwepheshe bezempilo ().

Lo mbhalo ubheka kabanzi ukuzwela kwe-gluten ukunquma ukuthi ngabe kufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Kuyini i-gluten?

I-Gluten ngumndeni wamaprotheni kukolweni, isipelingi, i-rye nebhali. Ezinhlamvini eziqukethe i-gluten, ukolweni yiwona odliwa kakhulu.

Amaprotheni amabili ayinhloko e-gluten yi-gliadin ne-glutenin. Lapho ufulawa uxutshwa namanzi, lawa maprotheni abopha kwinethiwekhi enamathelayo efana nokunamathela ngokungaguquguquki (3,,).

Igama le-gluten livela kulezi zakhiwo ezinjenge-glue.

I-Gluten yenza inhlama inwebe futhi ivumela isinkwa ukuba sinyuke lapho sifudunyezwa ngokubamba ama-molecule kagesi ngaphakathi. Ibuye inikeze ukuthungwa okwanelisayo nokuhlafunayo.

I-Gluten yiprotheni eyinhloko ezinhlamvwini eziningana, kufaka phakathi ukolweni. Inezinto ezithile ezenza idume kakhulu ngokwenza isinkwa.

Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-Gluten

Izimo ezimbalwa zezempilo zihlobene nokolweni kanye ne-gluten ().

Okuyaziwa kakhulu kulokhu ukungabekezelelani kwe-gluten, okuyisimo esibi kakhulu isifo se-celiac ().

Kubantu abanokubekezelelana kwe-gluten, amasosha omzimba ngephutha acabanga ukuthi amaprotheni e-gluten angabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe futhi abahlasela.

Amasosha omzimba abuye alwe nezakhiwo zemvelo odongeni lwesisu, okungadala ingozi enkulu. Ukuhlaselwa komzimba ngokwawo yingakho ukungabekezelelani kwe-gluten nesifo se-celiac kubhekwa njengezifo ezizimele ().

Isifo seCeliac kulinganiselwa ukuthi sithinta abantu abangafika ku-1% base-U.S. Kubukeka sengathi liyanda, futhi iningi labantu abanalesi simo abazi ukuthi banalo (,,).

Kodwa-ke, ukuzwela kwe-non-celiac gluten kuhlukile kunezifo ze-celiac nokungabekezelelani kwe-gluten (12).

Yize ingasebenzi ngendlela efanayo, izimpawu zayo zivame ukufana (13).

Esinye isimo esaziwa njengokungezwani nokwelashwa kukakolweni akuvamile futhi mhlawumbe sithinta abantu abangaphansi kwe-1% emhlabeni jikelele (14).

Ukuphendula okungahambi kahle ku-gluten kuxhunyaniswe nezinye izimo eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-gluten ataxia (uhlobo lwe-cerebellar ataxia), i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esingu-1, i-autism, i-schizophrenia, kanye nokudangala (15,,,,,,,).

I-Gluten akuyona imbangela enkulu yalezi zifo, kepha ingenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu kulabo abanazo. Ezimweni eziningi, kudliwe ukudla okungenayo i-gluten okusizayo, kepha kudingeka olunye ucwaningo.

Izimo eziningana zezempilo zibandakanya ukolweni kanye ne-gluten. Okuvame kakhulu ukungezwani nokolweni, isifo se-celiac, nokuzwela okungekho kwe-celiac gluten.

Kuyini ukuzwela kwe-gluten?

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuzwela kwe-gluten kuthole ukunakwa okubalulekile kokubili kososayensi kanye nomphakathi ().

Kalula nje, abantu abanokuzwela kwe-gluten bahlangabezana nezimpawu ngemuva kokumunca okusanhlamvu okuqukethe i-gluten futhi baphendule kahle ekudleni okungenayo i-gluten - kepha abanasifo se-celiac noma ukungezwani nokolweni.

Abantu abanokuzwela kwe-gluten ngokuvamile abanalo ulwelwesi lwesisu olonakele, okuyisici esiyinhloko sesifo se-celiac (12).

Noma kunjalo, akucaci ngokwesayensi ukuthi ukuzwela kwe-gluten kusebenza kanjani.

Ubufakazi obukhulayo bukhombisa ukubandakanyeka kwama-FODMAP, isigaba se-carbs nefayibha okungadala ukukhathazeka kokugaya ukudla kwabanye abantu ().

Ngoba alukho uvivinyo lwelebhu oluthembekile olunganquma ukuzwela kwe-gluten, ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokususa amanye amathuba.

Le irubrikhi eyodwa ehlongozwayo yokuxilonga ukuzwela kwe-gluten ():

1. Ukungeniswa kwe-Gluten kubangela izimpawu ezisheshayo, kungaba ukugaya noma ukungagayeki.
2. Izimpawu ziyanyamalala ngokushesha ekudleni okungenalutho kwe-gluten.
3. Ukuphinda ufake i-gluten kudala ukuthi izimpawu zivele futhi.
4. Isifo se-Celiac nokungezwani komzimba nokolweni kukhishwe ngaphandle.
5. Inselelo eyimpumputhe ye-gluten iqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Kwesinye isifundo kubantu abanokuzwela okuzwakalayo kwe-gluten, kuphela ama-25% afeze inqubo yokuxilonga ().

Abantu abanokuzwela kwe-gluten babike izimpawu eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuqunjelwa, ukuqumba, uhudo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuncipha komzimba, i-eczema, i-erythema, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, ukudangala, nobuhlungu bethambo nobokuhlangana (25,).

Khumbula ukuthi ukuzwela kwe-gluten - nesifo se-celiac - kuvame ukuba nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene eziyimfihlakalo okungaba nzima ukuzixhumanisa nokugaya noma i-gluten, kufaka phakathi izinkinga zesikhumba nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa (,).

Ngenkathi idatha iswele ekusakazeni kokuzwela kwe-gluten, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi u-0.5-6% wabantu bomhlaba wonke bangaba nalesi simo ().

Ngokwezifundo ezithile, ukuzwela kwe-gluten kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala futhi kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa (, 30).

Ukuzwela kwe-Gluten kuhilela ukusabela okungathandeki ku-gluten noma ukolweni kubantu abangenaso isifo se-celiac noma ukungezwani nokolweni. Ayikho idatha enhle etholakalayo yokuthi kuvame kangakanani.

Ukuzwela kwe-Gluten kungaba igama elingalungile

Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abaningi abakholelwa ukuthi banozwelo lwe-gluten abasabeli nhlobo ku-gluten.

Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabeka abantu abangama-37 abane-bowel syndrome (i-IBS) kanye nokuzwela kwe-gluten ngokwakho ekudleni okuphansi kwe-FODMAP ngaphambi kokubanika i-gluten ehlukile - esikhundleni sokudla okusanhlamvu okuqukethe i-gluten njengokolweni ().

I-gluten eyedwa ayinawo umthelela wokudla kubahlanganyeli ().

Ucwaningo luphethe ngokuthi laba bantu okuthiwa ukuzwela kwe-gluten kungenzeka kube ukuzwela kuma-FODMAP.

Akukona nje ukuthi ukolweni uphakeme kulolu hlobo oluthile lwama-carbs, kepha ama-FODMAP nawo abangela izimpawu ze-IBS (32,,).

Olunye ucwaningo lusekele lokhu okutholakele. Iveze ukuthi abantu abanokuzwela kwe-gluten abazibikelayo abasabeli ku-gluten kepha kuma-fructans, isigaba sama-FODMAP kukolweni ().

Ngenkathi ama-FODMAP okwamanje kukholakala ukuthi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuzwela okuzwakalayo kwe-gluten, i-gluten ayikhishwanga ngokuphelele.

Kwesinye isifundo, ama-FODMAPs ayeyizimbangela eziyinhloko zezimpawu kubantu abakholelwa ukuthi babezwela nge-gluten. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba okubangelwa i-gluten kunomthelela esimweni ().

Yize kunjalo, ososayensi abaningi bagomela ngokuthi ukuzwela kukolweni noma ukungabekezelelani kukolweni amalebula anembe kakhulu kunokuzwela kwe-gluten (, 30).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi izinhlobo zikakolweni zesimanje ziyabhebhetheka kunezinhlobo zasendulo ezinjenge-einkorn ne-kamut (,).

Ama-FODMAP - hhayi i-gluten - abonakala eyimbangela enkulu yezinkinga zokugaya ukudla ku-non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuzwela kukolweni yigama elifanele lesi simo.

Okubalulekile

I-Gluten nokolweni kuhle kwabanye abantu kepha hhayi kwabanye.

Uma usabela kabi kumikhiqizo equkethe ukolweni noma i-gluten, ungamane ukugweme lokhu kudla. Ungase futhi ufune ukuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nodokotela wezempilo.

Uma uthatha isinqumo sokugwema i-gluten, khetha ukudla okuphelele okungenayo i-gluten ngokwemvelo. Kungcono ukugwema izimpahla ezingenayo i-gluten, ngoba lezi zivame ukucutshungulwa kakhulu.