Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?
• Impikiswano mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA
• Kungani kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?
• Ngilungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?
• Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?
• Ziyini izingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-PSA?
• Yini engingayilindela ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA?
• Q:
• A:

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kukala izinga le-PSA egazini lomuntu. I-PSA yiprotheni ekhiqizwa amaseli endlala yakho, indlala encane engaphansi nje kwesinye sakho. I-PSA izungeza umzimba wakho wonke emazingeni aphansi ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuyazwela futhi kungathola amazinga aphezulu kune-avareji we-PSA. Izinga eliphakeme le-PSA lingahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, amazinga aphezulu we-PSA angasho nokuthi unesimo esingenomdlavuza esandisa amazinga akho e-PSA.

Ngokusho kwalokhu, umdlavuza wendlala yesinye ngumdlavuza ovame kakhulu emadodeni aseMelika, ngaphandle komdlavuza wesikhumba ongelona i-melanoma.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kukodwa akuhlinzeki ngemininingwane eyanele kudokotela wakho ukuze ahlolweKodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angacubungula imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA lapho ezama ukunquma ukuthi izimpawu zakho kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kungenxa yomdlavuza noma esinye isimo.

Impikiswano mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kunempikiswano ngoba odokotela nochwepheshe abanasiqiniseko sokuthi izinzuzo zokutholwa kusenesikhathi zidlula ubungozi bokungaxilongwa kahle. Akucaci futhi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kusindisa izimpilo yini.

Ngoba ukuhlolwa kubucayi kakhulu futhi kungathola izinombolo ze-PSA ezikhuphukile ezindaweni ezinomqondo ophansi, kungahle kuthole umdlavuza omncane kakhulu ongaze usongele impilo. Ngokufanayo, odokotela abaningi bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kanye nama-urologists bakhetha uku-oda i-PSA njengokuhlolwa kokuhlola kwabesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-overdiagnosis. Amadoda amaningi angabhekana nezinkinga nezingozi zemiphumela emibi ekwelashweni kokukhula okuncane kunalokho abengakwenza uma umdlavuza wabo usala ungatholakali.

Akungabazeki ukuthi lowomdlavuza omncane ungaze ubangele izimpawu ezinkulu kanye nezinkinga ngoba umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa, ezimeni eziningi kodwa hhayi zonke, ungumdlavuza okhula kancane.

Alikho futhi izinga elithile le-PSA elibhekwa njengelivamile kuwo wonke amadoda. Esikhathini esedlule, odokotela babecabanga ukuthi izinga le-PSA lama-nanograms angu-4.0 nge-millilitre noma ngaphansi libe yinto ejwayelekile, kubika i.

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi amanye amadoda anamazinga aphansi e-PSA anomdlavuza wendlala yesinye futhi amadoda amaningi anamazinga aphezulu e-PSA awanawo umdlavuza. I-Prostatitis, ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract, imishanguzo ethile, nezinye izinto nakho kungadala ukuthi amazinga akho e-PSA aguquke.

Izinhlangano eziningana, kufaka phakathi ne-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, manje sezincoma ukuthi amadoda aneminyaka yobudala engama-55 kuya kwengama-69 azinqumele ukuthi angahlolwa yini i-PSA, ngemuva kokukhuluma nodokotela wawo. Ukuhlolisiswa ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala engama-70 akunconyiwe.

Kungani kudingeka ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Wonke amadoda asengozini yomdlavuza wendlala yesinye, kodwa abantu abambalwa maningi amathuba okuthi bawukhule. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• amadoda amadala
• Amadoda ase-Afrika-aseMelika
• amadoda anomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wesinye

Udokotela wakho angancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA ukuze kuhlolwe izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wesinye. Ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society, wena dokotela ungasebenzisa futhi ukuhlolwa kwamakholomu edijithali ukubheka ukukhula. Kulesi sivivinyo, bazobeka umunwe ovalwe ku-rectum yakho ukuzwa i-prostate yakho.

Ngaphezu kokuhlolelwa umdlavuza we-Prostate, udokotela wakho angaphinde a-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA:

• ukunquma ukuthi yini ebangela ukungajwayelekile komzimba ku-prostate yakho etholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba
• ukusiza ukunquma ukuthi uzoqala nini ukwelashwa, uma utholwe unomdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa
• ukuqapha ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesinye

Ngilungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Uma udokotela wakho ecela ukuthi uhlolwe i-PSA, qiniseka ukuthi bayazi noma imuphi umuthi kadokotela noma imishanguzo ekhawunteni, amavithamini, noma izithako ozithathayo. Imithi ethile ingadala ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa iphansi ngamanga.

Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi umuthi wakho ungaphazamisa imiphumela, angahle anqume ukucela ukuhlolwa okwehlukile noma angakucela ukuthi ugweme ukuphuza umuthi wakho izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze imiphumela yakho inembe kakhudlwana.

Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Isampuli yegazi lakho izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukukhipha igazi emthanjeni noma emthanjeni, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukufaka inaliti ngaphakathi kwendololwane yakho. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obubukhali, obuzobhoboza noma ubuluma obuncane njengoba inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni wakho.

Uma sebeqoqe igazi elanele isampula, bazosusa inaliti babambe ingcindezi endaweni ukuvimba ukopha. Bazobe sebebeka ibhandishi lokunamathela phezu kwendawo yokufaka uma kwenzeka wopha kakhulu.

Isampula yakho yegazi izothunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe futhi ihlolwe. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi bazokulandela yini mayelana nemiphumela yakho, noma uma kufanele wenze isikhathi sokungena ukuze uzoxoxa ngemiphumela yakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA nakho kungenziwa ngekithi yokuhlola ekhaya. Ungathenga ikhithi yokuhlola online kusuka kuLetsGetChecked lapha.

Ziyini izingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Ukudweba igazi kuthathwa njengokuphephile. Kodwa-ke, ngoba imithambo nemithambo iyahluka ngosayizi nokujula, ukuthola isampula yegazi akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo odonsa igazi lakho kungadingeka ukuthi azame imithambo eminingi ezindaweni eziningi emzimbeni wakho ngaphambi kokuba athole eyodwa evumela ukuthi bathole igazi elanele.

Ukudweba igazi nakho kunezinye izingozi eziningana. Lokhu kufaka ingozi ye:

• ukuquleka
• ukopha ngokweqile
• uzizwa unekhanda elincane noma unesiyezi
• ukutheleleka endaweni yokubhoboza
• i-hematoma, noma igazi eliqoqwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba, endaweni yokubhoboza

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA nakho kungakhiqiza imiphumela engelona iqiniso. Udokotela wakho angabe esesola ukuthi unomdlavuza wendlala yesinye futhi ancoma i-prostate biopsy lapho ungenawo umdlavuza empeleni.

Yini engingayilindela ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA?

Uma amazinga akho e-PSA ephakeme, uzodinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze ufunde imbangela. Ngaphandle komdlavuza wesibeletho, izizathu ezingenzeka zokukhuphuka kwe-PSA zifaka:

• ukufakwa kwakamuva kwepayipi le-catheter esinyeni sakho ukusiza ukukhipha umchamo
• ukuhlolwa kwakamuva esinyeni sakho noma endlala yesinye
• ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo
• i-prostatitis, noma i-prostate evuthayo
• i-prostate enesifo
• i-benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), noma i-prostate ekhulisiwe

Uma unengozi ephakeme yomdlavuza wendlala noma udokotela wakho asola ukuthi ungaba nomdlavuza wendlala, ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kungasetshenziswa njengengxenye yeqembu elikhulu lokuhlolwa ukuthola nokuthola umdlavuza wendlala yabesilisa. Ezinye izivivinyo ongazidinga zifaka:

• ukuhlolwa kwamakholomu edijithali
• isivivinyo samahhala se-PSA (fPSA)
• ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA okuphindiwe
• i-prostate biopsy

Q:

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zomdlavuza wesinye okufanele ngiziqaphele?

A:

Ngenkathi izigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza wendlala yesinye zivame ukungabi nazimpawu, izimpawu zokwelashwa zivame ukukhula njengoba umdlavuza uthuthuka. Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayeleke kakhulu zifaka: ubunzima bokuchama (isb. Ukungabaza noma ukuhamba, ukugeleza komchamo okungalungile); igazi embewini; igazi emchameni (hematuria); ubuhlungu be-pelvic noma i-rectal; nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile (ED).