Isigaba 1 I-Cancer Lung: Ongakulindela

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu?
• Ukuphathwa kwezimpawu
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?
• Uma unomdlavuza ongewona omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu
• Uma unomdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu weseli
• Uyini umbono?
• Ngabe kungenzeka ukuphinda kwenzeke?
• Yiziphi izinketho zami zokubhekana nokusekelwa?

Isetshenziswa kanjani isiteji

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngumdlavuza oqala emaphashini. Izigaba zomdlavuza zinikeza imininingwane yokuthi sikhulu kangakanani isimila sokuqala nokuthi ngabe sesisabalale saya ezingxenyeni zomzimba zasendaweni noma ezikude. Isiteji sisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi hlobo luphi lokwelashwa oludingayo. Futhi kukusiza ukuthi uthole isibambo kulokho obhekene nakho.

Uhlelo lwesiteji se-TNM lusiza ukuhlukanisa izinto ezibalulekile zomdlavuza kanjena:

• T ichaza ubukhulu nezinye izici zesimila.
• N ikhombisa ukuthi umdlavuza usufinyelele kuma-lymph node.
• UM isitshela uma umdlavuza ususakazekile kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Uma sekunikezwe imikhakha ye-TNM, isigaba sonke singanqunywa. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu uhlelwe kusuka ku-0 kuye ku-4. Isigaba 1 siphinde sahlukaniswa saba yi-1A ne-1B.

Uma isikolo sakho se-TNM sithi:

I-T1a, N0, M0: Isimila sakho esiyinhloko singamasentimitha ama-2 (cm) noma ngaphansi (T1a). Akukho ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N0) futhi akukho metastasis (M0). Unayo isigaba 1A umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

T1b, N0, M0: Isimila sakho sokuqala siphakathi kuka-2 no-3 cm (T1b). Akukho ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N0) futhi akukho metastasis (M0). Unayo isigaba 1A umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

I-T2a, N0, M0: Isimila sakho sokuqala siphakathi kuka-3 no-5 cm.Kungakhula kube yindlela ehamba phambili yomoya (bronchus) yamaphaphu akho noma ulwelwesi olumboza iphaphu (visceral pleura). Umdlavuza kungenzeka uvimbe kancane izindiza zakho (T2a). Akukho ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N0) futhi akukho metastasis (M0). Unayo isigaba 1B umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana (i-SCLC) uhlelwe ngokwehlukile kunomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane (i-NSCLC), kusetshenziswa lolu hlelo olunezigaba ezimbili:

• Isiteji esilinganiselwe: Umdlavuza utholakala ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela lwesifuba sakho.
• Isigaba esibanzi: Umdlavuza usabalale emaphashini akho, ezinhlangothini zombili zesifuba sakho, noma ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu?

Umdlavuza wesigaba 1 wamaphaphu imvamisa awubangeli zimpawu, kepha ungahlangabezana:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukushaqeka
• ukukhwehlela

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesikhathi esizayo ungaholela ekukhwehleleni kwegazi, isifuba, nobuhlungu besifuba, kodwa lokho akuvamisile ukwenzeka esigabeni 1.

Ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zimnene futhi kulula ukuziziba, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho uma kukhona okukukhathazayo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ubhema noma unezinye izinto ezinobungozi zomdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Ukuphathwa kwezimpawu

Ngaphezu kokwelapha umdlavuza wamaphaphu, udokotela wakho angelapha izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemithi yokusiza ukulawula ukukhwehlela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza uwedwa lapho uzizwa uphefumula kanzima:

• Shintsha ukuma kwakho. Ukuncika phambili kwenza kube lula ukuphefumula.
• Gxila ekuphefumuleni kwakho. Gxila emisipheni elawula i-diaphragm yakho. Thenga izindebe zakho uphefumule ngesigqi.
• Prakthiza ukuzindla. Ukukhathazeka kungangeza enkingeni, ngakho-ke khetha umsebenzi ophumuzayo njengokulalela umculo owuthandayo noma ukuzindla ukuze uhlale uzolile.
• Phumula. Uma uzama ukungena ngamandla, uzozikhandla ngokweqile futhi wenze izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu. Yonga amandla okwenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu, noma ubuze omunye umuntu ukuthi angene lapho kungenzeka khona.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo?

Izinketho zakho zokwelashwa zincike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• unhloboni yomdlavuza wamaphaphu onayo
• ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile
• impilo yakho ejwayelekile, kubandakanya nezinye izimo zezokwelapha
• iminyaka yakho

Uma unomdlavuza ongewona omncane wamangqamuzana wamaphaphu

Uzodinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe ingxenye yomdlavuza yakho. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungafaka ukususwa kwama-lymph node aseduze ukuhlola amaseli womdlavuza. Kungenzeka ukuthi awudingi noma iyiphi enye indlela yokwelashwa.

Uma usengozini enkulu yokuphindeka, udokotela wakho angancoma i-chemotherapy ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla ezingabhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza eduze nendawo okuhlinzwa kuyo noma lezo okungenzeka ziye zaphuma ngaphandle kwesimila sokuqala. Imvamisa inikezwa ngemithambo ngemijikelezo yamaviki amathathu kuye kwamane.

Uma umzimba wakho ungekho ngokwanele ukumelana nokuhlinzwa, i-radiation therapy noma i-radiofrequency ablation ingasetshenziswa njengokwelapha kwakho okuyinhloko.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe isebenzisa i-X-ray enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kuyinqubo engenabuhlungu evame ukunikezwa izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto amasonto amaningana.

Ukukhishwa kwe-Radiofrequency isebenzisa amaza omsakazo anamandla amakhulu ukushisa isimila. Kuqondiswa ukuskena ngemifanekiso, iphenyo elincane lifakwa esikhunjeni nasethunjini. Kungenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo njengenqubo yokugula.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwesinye isikhathi kuyasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwesibili ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza okungenzeka ukuthi asala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.

Imithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe kanye nama-immunotherapies ngokuvamile agcinelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba esizayo noma esijwayelekile.

Uma unomdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu weseli

Ukwelashwa imvamisa kuqukethe ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukuhlinzwa nakho kungaba inketho kulesi sigaba.

Uyini umbono?

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisifo esisongela impilo. Lapho usuqedile ngokwelashwa, kuzothatha isikhathi ukuthi uphinde ululame ngokuphelele. Futhi usazodinga ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa kokulandela ukuze ubheke ubufakazi bokuphindeka.

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba sokuqala unombono ongcono kunomdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba sakamuva. Kepha umbono wakho ngamunye uncike ezintweni eziningi, njenge:

• uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kufaka phakathi ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko zofuzo ezihilelekile
• noma ngabe unezinye izimo ezibucayi zempilo
• imishanguzo oyikhethayo nokuthi uphendula kahle kangakanani kuyo

Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwesigaba 1A NSCLC cishe singamaphesenti angama-49. Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwesigaba 1B NSCLC cishe singamaphesenti angama-45. Lezi zibalo zisuselwa kubantu abatholakala phakathi kuka-1998 no-2000 futhi zifaka phakathi abantu ababulawa ngezinye izimbangela.

Isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwesihlobo sabantu abanesigaba 1 se-SCLC cishe singamaphesenti angama-31. Lesi sibalo sisuselwa kubantu abatholakala phakathi kuka-1988 no-2001.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lezi zibalo azikabuyekezwa ukuze zibonise abantu abatholakale kamuva nje. Intuthuko ekwelashweni kungenzeka ithuthukise umbono jikelele.

Kubhekwe abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 000 abatholakala benomdlavuza wamaphaphu kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2002 kuya kowezi-2005. Kuze kube ngamaphesenti angama-70 alabo abahlinzwa belashelwa isigaba 1A babephila eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva. Esigabeni 1, amathuba okufa ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuxilongwa ayengamaphesenti angu-2.7.

Ngabe kungenzeka ukuphinda kwenzeke?

Ukuphindaphinda umdlavuza obuya emuva kokuba usuthole ukwelashwa futhi uthathwa njengongenomdlavuza.

Kwesinye, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu abanesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu wesigaba 1A noma 1B baphindaphindekile. Emdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-metastasis ekude kungenzeka kakhulu kunokuphindeka kwendawo.

Udokotela wakho uzokuhlelela ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kahle ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ngezikhathi ezithile nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqapha noma yiziphi izinguquko.

Kufanele futhi ubone udokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokuphindeka:

• ukukhwehlela okusha noma okuba kubi kakhulu
• ekhwehlela igazi
• ukushaqeka
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• isifuba
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali

Ezinye izimpawu zincike lapho umdlavuza ubuye khona. Isibonelo, ubuhlungu bamathambo bungakhombisa ukuba khona komdlavuza emathanjeni akho. Ukuphathwa yikhanda okusha kungasho ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile ebuchosheni.

Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezintsha noma ezingavamile, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izinketho zami zokubhekana nokusekelwa?

Ungathola ukuthi uyakwazi ukubhekana kangcono uma uthatha indima ebonakalayo ekuzinakekeleni kwakho. Bambisana nodokotela wakho futhi uhlale unolwazi. Buza ngezinhloso zokwelashwa ngakunye, kanye nemiphumela emibi engaba khona nokuthi ungazisingatha kanjani. Cacisa ngezifiso zakho.

Awudingi ukubhekana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu uwedwa. Umndeni wakho nabangane mhlawumbe bafuna ukusekela kepha abazi njalo ukuthi kanjani. Yingakho bengasho into efana nokuthi "ungazise uma kukhona okudingayo." Ngakho-ke bathathe ekunikezeni ngesicelo esithile. Lokhu kungaba yinoma yini kusuka ekukuhambiseni ukuya lapho kubekiwe kuya ekuphekeni ukudla.

Futhi-ke, unganqikazi ukuthola usizo olwengeziwe kusuka kubasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, abelaphi, abefundisi, noma amaqembu okusekela. I-oncologist yakho noma isikhungo sokwelashwa singakudlulisela kuzinsizakusebenza ezisendaweni yakho.

Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngokuxhaswa komdlavuza wamaphaphu nezinsizakusebenza, vakashela:

• I-American Cancer Society
• Umanyano Womdlavuza Wamaphaphu
• LungCancer.org