Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zokushoda Kuka-Vitamin A.

-Delile

• 1. Isikhumba Esomile
• 2. Amehlo Omile
• 3. Ubumpumputhe Ebusuku
• 4. Ukungabi Nanzalo Nenkinga Yokukhulelwa
• 5. Ukukhula Okubambezelekile
• 6. Ukutheleleka Emphinjeni kanye Nesifuba
• 7. Ukuphulukiswa Kwesilonda Esingesihle
• 8. Izinduna Nokugqashuka
• Ubungozi beVithamini A Eningi kakhulu
• Okusemqoka

UVitamin A uvithamini oncibilikiswa ngamafutha obalulekile emisebenzini eminingi yomzimba, kufaka phakathi umbono ofanele, amasosha omzimba aqinile, ukuzala kanye nempilo enhle yesikhumba.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zikavithamini A ezitholakala ekudleni: i-preformed vitamin A ne-provitamin A (1).

I-vitamin A eyenziwe kabusha yaziwa nangokuthi i-retinol futhi etholakala kakhulu enyameni, enhlanzini, emaqanda nasemikhiqizweni yobisi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umzimba uguqula ama-carotenoid ekudleni kwezitshalo, njengokudla nemifino okubomvu, okuluhlaza, okuphuzi kanye newolintshi, kukwenza uvithamini A ().

Yize ukuntuleka kuyivelakancane emazweni athuthukile, abantu abaningi emazweni asathuthuka abatholi uvithamini A owenele.

Labo abasengozini enkulu yokushoda ngabesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abancelisayo, izinsana nezingane. I-cystic fibrosis nohudo olungapheli nakho kungakhuphula ubungozi bokushoda.

Nazi izinkomba eziyi-8 zokushoda kukavithamini A.

1. Isikhumba Esomile

Uvithamini A ubalulekile ekwakheni nasekulungiseni amangqamuzana esikhumba. Kuyasiza futhi ukulwa nokuvuvukala ngenxa yezinkinga ezithile zesikhumba ().

Ukungatholi uvithamini A owanele kungaba yicala lokuthuthuka kwe-eczema nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba ().

I-eczema yisimo esidala isikhumba esomile, esilumayo nesishisayo. Izifundo eziningana zokwelashwa zikhombise i-alitretinoin, umuthi kadokotela onomsebenzi kavithamini A, ukuthi usebenze kahle ekwelapheni i-eczema (, 5,).

Kwisifundo esisodwa samasonto angu-12, abantu abane-eczema engapheli abathathe u-10-40 mg we-alitretinoin ngosuku babone ukwehla kwezimpawu zabo ezingama-53% ().

Khumbula ukuthi isikhumba esomile singaba nezimbangela eziningi, kepha ukuntuleka kwamavithamini A okungamahlalakhona kungaba yisizathu.

UVitamin A ubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekulungisweni kwesikhumba futhi usiza ukulwa nokuvuvukala. Ukushoda kwalesi sakhi kungaholela ezimeni zesikhumba ezivuthayo.

2. Amehlo Omile

Izinkinga zamehlo ngezinye zezinkinga ezaziwa kakhulu ezihlobene nokushoda kukavithamini A.

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukungatholi uvithamini A owenele kungaholela ekuphuphuthekisweni okuphelele noma ekufeni kwamakhorali, okubonakala ngamamaki abizwa ngamabala eBitot (,).

Amehlo omile, noma ukwehluleka ukukhipha izinyembezi, ngesinye sezimpawu zokuqala zokushoda kukavithamini A.

Izingane ezincane eNdiya, e-Afrika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ezinokudla okungenayo i-vitamin A zisengozini enkulu yokuba namehlo omile ().

Ukwengeza nge-vitamin A kungasithuthukisa lesi simo.

Ucwaningo oluthile lwathola ukuthi imithamo ephezulu kavithamini A yehlisa ukwanda kwamehlo owomile ngama-63% ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezithathe izithasiselo izinyanga eziyi-16 ().

Ukushoda kuka-Vitamin A kungaholela emehlweni omile, ubumpumputhe noma ama-corneas afayo, awaziwa nangokuthi izindawo zeBitot. Esinye sezimpawu zokuqala zokushoda imvamisa ukwehluleka ukukhipha izinyembezi.

3. Ubumpumputhe Ebusuku

Ukushoda kakhulu kukavithamini A kungaholela ekungaboni kahle ebusuku ().

Izifundo eziningi zokubuka zibike ukwanda okuphezulu kokungaboni ebusuku emazweni asathuthuka (,,,).

Ngenxa yobukhulu bale nkinga, ochwepheshe bezempilo basebenze ukuthuthukisa amazinga kavithamini A kubantu abasengozini yokungaboni ebusuku.

Kwesinye isifundo, abesifazane abanobumpumputhe ebusuku banikezwa uvithamini A ngendlela yokudla noma izithasiselo. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zikavithamini A zasithuthukisa lesi simo. Ikhono labesifazane lokuzivumelanisa nobumnyama lenyuke ngaphezulu kwama-50% ngaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha okwelashwa ().

Ukuthola inani elanele likavithamini A kubalulekile empilweni yamehlo. Ezinye zezimpawu zokuqala zokushoda kukavithamini A amehlo omile nobumpumputhe ebusuku.

4. Ukungabi Nanzalo Nenkinga Yokukhulelwa

Uvithamini A uyadingeka ekukhiqizweni kokubili kwabesilisa nabesifazane, kanye nokukhula okufanele ezinsaneni.

Uma unenkinga yokukhulelwa, ukuntuleka kukavithamini A kungaba esinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani. Ukushoda kukavithamini A kungaholela ekungatholini kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amagundane abesifazane anenkinga kavithamini A anenkinga yokukhulelwa futhi angaba nemibungu enezinkinga zokuzalwa (17).

Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi amadoda angenanzalo angaba nesidingo esikhulu sama-antioxidants ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuxineka kwe-oxidative emizimbeni yawo. UVitamin A ungenye yezakhi ezisebenza njenge-antioxidant emzimbeni ().

Ukushoda kukaVitamin A kuhlobene nokukhulelwa kwezisu.

Ucwaningo olucubungule amazinga egazi ezakhamzimba ezahlukahlukene kubantu besifazane abebenezisu eziphindaphindayo kutholakale ukuthi banamazinga aphansi ka-vitamin A ().

Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane abangatholi uvithamini A owanele bangaba nezinkinga zokuzala. I-vitamin A ephansi kubazali nayo ingaholela ekukhulelweni yizisu noma ekukhubazekeni kokuzalwa.

5. Ukukhula Okubambezelekile

Izingane ezingatholi uvithamini A owanele zingakhula zikhungathekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uvithamini A uyadingeka ekukhuleni okufanele komzimba womuntu.

Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisile ukuthi izithasiselo zikavithamini A, zodwa noma nezinye izakhamzimba, zingakhulisa ukukhula. Eziningi zalezi zifundo zenziwa ezinganeni emazweni asathuthuka (,,,).

Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olwenziwe ezinganeni ezingaphezu kwe-1 000 e-Indonesia luthole ukuthi labo abanokushoda kukavithamini A abathatha izithasiselo ezinomthamo omkhulu ezinyangeni ezine bakhule ngamasentimitha angu-0.15 (0.39 cm) ngaphezu kwezingane ezithathe i-placebo ().

Kodwa-ke, ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo kutholile ukuthi ukufaka i-vitamin A ngokuhlangana nezinye izakhamzimba kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kunokufaka i-vitamin A kuphela ().

Isibonelo, izingane ezinokukhula okungazinzile eNingizimu Afrika ezathola amavithamini namaminerali amaningi zazinamaphuzu obude beminyaka ayengaphezudlwana kwephuzu kunalawo athola uvithamini A () kuphela.

Ukushoda kukavithamini A kungadala ukukhula okuncane ezinganeni. Ukwengeza nge-vitamin A ngokuhlangana nezinye izakhamzimba kungathuthukisa ukukhula ngaphezu kokunezela nge-vitamin A kuphela.

6. Ukutheleleka Emphinjeni kanye Nesifuba

Ukutheleleka njalo, ikakhulukazi emphinjeni noma esifubeni, kungaba uphawu lokushoda kukavithamini A.

Izithako ze-Vitamin A zingasiza ngezifo zokuphefumula, kepha imiphumela yocwaningo ixubekile.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe ezinganeni e-Ecuador lukhombise ukuthi izingane ezinesisindo esincane ezithatha u-vitamin A ongu-10 000 weviki ngesonto zinezifo ezimbalwa zokuphefumula kunezalabo abathola i-placebo ().

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo ezinganeni kwathola ukuthi izithasiselo zikavithamini A zingakhuphula ubungozi bokutheleleka emphinjeni nasesifubeni ngo-8% ().

Ababhali baphakamise ukuthi izithasiselo kufanele zinikezwe kuphela labo abanenkinga yangempela ().

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokocwaningo oluthile olwenziwe kubantu asebekhulile, amazinga aphezulu egazi e-provitamin A carotenoid beta-carotene angavikela ezifweni zokuphefumula ().

Izithasiselo zikavithamini A zingavikela izingane ezingaphansi kwesisindo ekungenweni yizifo kepha zandise ubungozi bokutheleleka kwamanye amaqembu. Abantu abadala abanamazinga aphakeme egazi likavithamini A bangathola izifo ezimbalwa zomphimbo nesifuba.

7. Ukuphulukiswa Kwesilonda Esingesihle

Amanxeba angapholi kahle ngemuva kokulimala noma ukuhlinzwa angaxhunyaniswa namazinga aphansi kavithamini A.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uvithamini A ukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwe-collagen, ingxenye ebalulekile yesikhumba esinempilo. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi kokubili i-vitamin A yomlomo neyengqikithi ingaqinisa isikhumba.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe kumagundane lwathola ukuthi i-vitamin A yomlomo yathuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen. Uvithamini waba nalomphumela yize amagundane ayethatha ama-steroids, angavimbela ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda ().

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kumagundane luthole ukuthi ukwelapha isikhumba nge-topical vitamin A kuvele ukuvimbela amanxeba ahambisana nesifo sikashukela ().

Ukucwaninga kubantu kukhombisa imiphumela efanayo. Abesilisa asebekhulile abelapha amanxeba nge-topical vitamin A behliswe ngo-50% ngosayizi wamanxeba abo, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abebengasebenzisi ukhilimu ().

Izinhlobo zomlomo no-topical zikavithamini A zingakhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda, ikakhulukazi kubantu abajwayele ukuba namanxeba.

8. Izinduna Nokugqashuka

Njengoba uvithamini A ethuthukisa ukukhula kwesikhumba futhi elwa nokuvuvukala, kungasiza ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izinduna.

Ucwaningo oluningi luxhumanise amazinga aphansi kavithamini A nokuba khona kwezinduna (,).

Kwesinye isifundo kubantu abadala abangama-200, amazinga kavithamini A kulabo abanezinduna ayengaphezu kwama-80 mcg aphansi kunalawo angenawo ().

Uvithamini A ongokwezihloko nowomlomo angalapha induna. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi okhilimu abaqukethe uvithamini A bangehlisa inani lezilonda zomqubuko ngama-50% ().

Uhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu lwevithamini A lomlomo olusetshenziselwa ukwelapha induna i-isotretinoin, noma i-Accutane. Lo muthi ungasebenza kakhulu ekwelapheni izinduna kepha ungaba nemiphumela emibi eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo nezinkinga zokuzalwa ().

Izinduna zihlotshaniswa namazinga aphansi kavithamini A. Kokubili izinhlobo zomlomo no-topical zikavithamini A zivame ukusebenza ekwelapheni izinduna kepha zingaba nemiphumela emibi engadingeki.

Ubungozi beVithamini A Eningi kakhulu

UVitamin A ubalulekile empilweni yonke. Noma kunjalo, okuningi kwayo kungaba yingozi.

I-Hypervitaminosis A, noma i-vitamin A toxicity, imvamisa ithathwa ngokuthatha izithasiselo zemithamo ephezulu isikhathi eside. Abantu abavamile ukuthola uvithamini A omningi ekudleni kuphela (34).

Uvithamini A oweqile ugcinwa esibindini futhi kungaholela ekubeni nobuthi kanye nezimpawu eziyinkinga, njengokushintshwa kombono, ukuvuvukala kwamathambo, isikhumba esomile nesimangele, izilonda zomlomo nokudideka.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baqaphele ikakhulukazi ukuthi bangadli uvithamini A omningi ukuvimbela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okungenzeka kube khona.

Njalo hlola umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuqala izithako zikavithamini A.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile zezempilo bangadinga inani eliphakeme levithamini A. Kodwa-ke, abantu abadala abaningi abanempilo badinga ama-700-900 mcg ngosuku. Abesifazane abahlengikazi badinga okwengeziwe, kanti izingane zidinga okuncane (1).

Uvithamini A ubuthi kuvame ukubangelwa ukuthatha ivithamini eliningi kakhulu kwifomu lokungezelela. Kungadala izingqinamba ezibucayi, kufaka phakathi ukuguqulwa kombono, izilonda zomlomo, ukudideka nezinkinga zokuzalwa.

Okusemqoka

Ukushoda kukavithamini A kudlangile emazweni asathuthuka kepha akuvamile eMelika nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile.

Uvithamini A omncane kakhulu angaholela esikhunjeni esivele sivuvuke, ubumpumputhe ebusuku, ukungabi nenzalo, ukukhula okubambezelekile kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.

Abantu abanamanxeba nezinduna bangaba namazinga aphansi egazi likavithamini A futhi bazuze ekwelashweni ngemithamo ephezulu yovithamini.

Uvithamini A utholakala enyameni, okobisi kanye namaqanda, kanye nokudla okubomvu, okusawolintshi, okuphuzi nokuhlaza. Ukuqiniseka ukuthi uthola uvithamini A owanele, yidla lokhu kudla okuhlukahlukene.

Uma usola ukuthi unenkinga kavithamini A, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngokudla okulungile nezengezo, ukulungisa ukuntula kungaba lula.