Umdlavuza wamaphaphu - iseli elincane

Umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana (i-SCLC) uhlobo olukhula ngokushesha lomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu kunomdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-SCLC:

• I-cell cell carcinoma encane (umdlavuza we-oat cell)
• I-cell carcinoma encane ehlanganisiwe

Ama-SCLC amaningi awohlobo lwe-oat cell.

Cishe i-15% yawo wonke amacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu yi-SCLC. Umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu weseli uvame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane.

Cishe wonke amacala e-SCLC kungenxa yokubhema ugwayi. I-SCLC ayivamile kakhulu kubantu abangakaze babheme.

I-SCLC iyindlela enamandla kakhulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Imvamisa iqala kumashubhu okuphefumula (i-bronchi) maphakathi nesifuba. Yize amangqamuzana omdlavuza emancane, akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi adale izicubu ezinkulu. Lezi zicubu zivame ukusabalala ngokushesha (metastasize) kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho, isibindi namathambo.

Izimpawu ze-SCLC zifaka:

• Isikhwehlela esinegazi (phlegm)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Khwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Ukuqhuma

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele ngalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zakamuva, zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala kobuso
• Imfiva
• Ukubola noma ukushintsha kwezwi
• Ukugwinya ubunzima
• Ubuthakathaka

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba abuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Uzobuzwa ukuthi uyabhema yini, futhi uma kunjalo, kangakanani futhi isikhathi esingakanani.

Lapho ulalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, umhlinzeki angase ezwe uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu noma izindawo lapho iphaphu liwele khona kancane. Okukodwa kwalokhu okutholakele kungakhombisa umdlavuza.

I-SCLC ivame ukusakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ngesikhathi kutholakala.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuskena kwamathambo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Iskena se-CT
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI
• Ukuskena kwePositron emission tomography (PET)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhwehlela (ukubheka amangqamuzana omdlavuza)
• I-Thoracentesis (ukususwa ketshezi esifubeni esifubeni ezungeze amaphaphu)

Ezimweni eziningi, ucezu lwethishu luyasuswa emaphashini akho noma kwezinye izindawo ezizohlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza i-biopsy:

• I-Bronchoscopy ihlangene ne-biopsy
• I-CT iqondise i-needle biopsy
• I-endoscopic esophageal noma i-bronchial ultrasound ene-biopsy
• I-Mediastinoscopy ene-biopsy
• Vula i-biopsy yamaphaphu
• I-Pleural biopsy
• I-thoracoscopy esizwa ngevidiyo

Imvamisa, uma i-biopsy ikhombisa umdlavuza, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuningi kwe-imaging ukuthola isigaba somdlavuza. Isiteji sisho ukuthi sikhulu kangakanani isimila nokuthi sesisabalale kangakanani. I-SCLC ihlukaniswa njenge:

• Ilinganiselwe - Umdlavuza usesifubeni kuphela futhi ungelashwa ngemithi yokwelapha ngemisebe.
• Okunabile - Umdlavuza usabalale ngaphandle kwendawo ongambozwa yimisebe.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-SCLC isakazeka ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke, ukwelashwa kuzobandakanya izidakamizwa zokubulala umdlavuza (i-chemotherapy), evame ukunikezwa ngomthambo (ngu-IV).

Ukwelashwa nge-chemotherapy kanye nemisebe kungenziwa kubantu abane-SCLC esakaze emzimbeni wonke (ezimweni eziningi). Kulokhu, ukwelashwa kusiza kuphela ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi kwandise impilo, kepha akuselaphi lesi sifo.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa ngamakhemikhali uma ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe isebenzisa ama-x-ray anamandla noma ezinye izinhlobo zemisebe ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Imisebe ingasetshenziswa uku:

• Yelapha umdlavuza, kanye ne-chemotherapy, uma ukuhlinzwa kungenzeki.
• Siza ukuqeda izimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza, njengezinkinga zokuphefumula nokuvuvukala.
• Siza ukudambisa izinhlungu zomdlavuza lapho umdlavuza ususabalele emathanjeni.

Imvamisa, i-SCLC kungenzeka ukuthi isivele isakazekele ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungenzeka noma kungekho zimpawu noma ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza ebuchosheni. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abantu abanomdlavuza omncane, noma abaphendule kahle emzuliswaneni wabo wokuqala we-chemotherapy, bangathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe ebuchosheni. Lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa ukuvimbela ukusabalala komdlavuza ebuchosheni.

Ukuhlinzwa kusiza abantu abambalwa kakhulu abane-SCLC ngoba lesi sifo sivame ukusabalala ngesikhathi esitholakala ngaso. Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa lapho kunesisu esisodwa kuphela esingasakazekanga. Uma kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy isadingeka.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Ukwenza kahle kwakho kuncike ekutheni umdlavuza wamaphaphu usakazeke kangakanani. I-SCLC iyabulala kakhulu. Ababaningi abantu abanalolu hlobo lomdlavuza abasaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwelula impilo izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-12, noma ngabe umdlavuza ususabalele.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma i-SCLC itholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungaholela ekwelapheni kwesikhathi eside.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi uma ubhema.

Uma ubhema, manje isikhathi sokuyeka. Uma unenkinga yokuyeka, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho. Kunezindlela eziningi zokukusiza uyeke, kusuka emaqenjini okusekela kuya emithini kadokotela. Futhi zama ukugwema intuthu kagwayi.

Uma ubhema noma ujwayele ukubhema, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuhlolelwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuze uhlolwe, udinga ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwesifuba.

Umdlavuza - amaphaphu - iseli elincane; Umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana; SCLC

• I-Chemotherapy - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Imisebe yesifuba - ukukhishwa
• Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu - ukukhipha
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe - imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho

• I-Bronchoscopy
• Amaphaphu
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu - i-x-ray yesifuba eseceleni
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu - i-x-ray yesifuba esingaphambili
• I-Adenocarcinoma - i-x-ray yesifuba
• Umdlavuza we-Bronchial - CT scan
• Umdlavuza we-Bronchial - x-ray yesifuba
• Amaphaphu ngomdlavuza weseli squamous - CT scan
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu - ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• I-Adenocarcinoma
• I-cell carcinoma engeyona encane
• I-cell carcinoma encane
• I-squamous cell carcinoma
• Intuthu kagwayi nomdlavuza wamaphaphu
• Amaphaphu ajwayelekile kanye ne-alveoli
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula
• Izingozi zokubhema
• I-Bronchoscope

Araujo LH, Uphondo L, Merritt RE, Shilo K, Xu-Welliver M, Carbone DP. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu: umdlavuza wamaphaphu weseli ongeyona omncane nomdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu weseli. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 69.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamangqamuzana amancane (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 1, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 5, 2019.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Imikhombandlela ye-NCCN yokwenza imitholampilo ku-oncology: umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana. Inguqulo 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/sclc.pdf. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 15, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 8, 2020.

USilvestri GA, uPastis NJ, uTanner NT, uJett JR. Izici zomtholampilo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 53.