Ukuqina kwenhliziyo

I-Cardiomyopathy yisifo lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthakathaka, yeluleke, noma ibe nenye inkinga yokwakhiwa.

I-cardiomyopathy ehlanjululwayo yisimo lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthakathaka futhi ikhuliswe. Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo ayikwazi ukumpompa igazi elanele emzimbeni wonke.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cardiomyopathy. I-Dilated cardiomyopathy iyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu, kepha kungaba umphumela wezimo ezahlukahlukene ezingaphansi. Abanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo basebenzisa leli gama ukukhombisa isimo esithile, esibizwa nge-idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Akunasizathu esaziwayo salolu hlobo lwe-cardiomyopathy eseluliwe.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-cardiomyopathy evulekile yilezi:

• Isifo senhliziyo esidalwa ukuncipha noma ukuvimba emithanjeni ye-coronary
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu olawulwa kabi

Kunezinye izimbangela eziningi ze-cardiomyopathy ehlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi:

• Utshwala noma i-cocaine (noma esinye isidakamizwa esingekho emthethweni)
• Isifo sikashukela, isifo se-thyroid, noma i-hepatitis
• Imithi engaba nobuthi enhliziyweni, njengezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile lapho inhliziyo ishaya khona ngokushesha okukhulu isikhathi eside
• Izifo ezizimele
• Izimo ezihamba emindenini
• Izifo ezibandakanya imisipha yenhliziyo
• Ama-valve enhliziyo amancane kakhulu noma avuzayo kakhulu
• Ngenyanga yokugcina yokukhulelwa, noma kungakapheli izinyanga ezinhlanu ingane izelwe.
• Ukuvezwa kuzinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-lead, arsenic, cobalt, noma i-mercury

Lesi simo singathinta noma ngubani kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kuvame kakhulu emadodeni amadala.

Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo zivame kakhulu. Zivame ukukhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi izimpawu ziqala ngokuzumayo futhi zingaba nzima.

Izimpawu ezivamile yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi (ngokunokwenzeka ngokuzivocavoca umzimba)
• Khwehlela
• Ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuquleka
• I-pulse engavamile noma esheshayo
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuphefumula ngomsebenzi noma ngemuva kokulala phansi (noma ukulala) isikhashana
• Ukuvuvukala kwezinyawo namaqakala

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathola:

• Inhliziyo ikhulisiwe.
• Ukuqhuma kwamaphaphu (isibonakaliso sokwakheka koketshezi), ukububula kwenhliziyo, noma eminye imisindo engajwayelekile.
• Isibindi kungenzeka sikhulisiwe.
• Imithambo yemithambo ingahle iqhume.

Kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningi zaselebhu ukuthola imbangela:

• I-Antinuclear antibody (ANA), isilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR), nezinye izivivinyo zokuthola izifo ezizimele
• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody ukukhomba ukutheleleka okufana nesifo seLyme ne-HIV
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimbi kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serum TSH ne-T4 ukukhomba izinkinga ze-thyroid
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-amyloidosis (igazi, umchamo)

Ukwandiswa kwenhliziyo noma ezinye izinkinga ngesakhiwo nokusebenza kwenhliziyo (njengokucindezela okubuthakathaka) kungavela kulezi zivivinyo. Zingasiza futhi ukuxilonga imbangela yangempela yenkinga:

• I-Echocardiogram (i-ultrasound yenhliziyo)
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yenhliziyo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-Coronary angiogram ukubheka ukugeleza kwegazi liye enhliziyweni
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo ukukala izingcindezi ngaphakathi naseduze kwenhliziyo
  
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwenhliziyo
• I-MRI yenhliziyo
• Ukuskena kwenhliziyo yenukliya (i-scintigraphy, MUGA, RNV)

I-biopsy yenhliziyo, lapho kususwa ucezu oluncane lwenhliziyo, kungadingeka ngokuya ngesizathu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuvamile ukwenziwa.

Izinto ongazenza ekhaya ukunakekela isimo sakho zifaka:

• Yazi umzimba wakho, futhi ubheke izimpawu zokuthi ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yakho kuya ngokuya kuba kubi.
• Bukela ushintsho kuzimpawu zakho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, nesisindo.
• Nciphisa ukuthi uphuza kangakanani nokuthi uthola usawoti ongakanani (i-sodium) ekudleni kwakho.

Iningi labantu abanokwehluleka kwenhliziyo badinga ukuthatha imithi. Eminye imithi ilapha izimpawu zakho. Abanye bangasiza ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yakho ekubeni kubi, noma kungavimbela ezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Izinqubo nokuhlinzwa ongakudinga kufaka:

• I-pacemaker yokusiza ukwelapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane noma ukusiza ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kuhlala kuvumelanisiwe
• I-defibrillator ebona isigqi senhliziyo esisongela impilo futhi ithumele i-pulse kagesi (ukushaqeka) ukubamisa
• Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo (CABG) noma i-angioplasty ukwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi kuye emisipha yenhliziyo eyonakele noma ebuthakathaka
• Valve esikhundleni noma ukulungisa

Okwe-cardiomyopathy okuthuthukile:

• Ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kunganconywa uma ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kungasebenzi futhi izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo zinzima kakhulu.
• Ukubekwa kwethuluzi lokusiza le-ventricular noma inhliziyo yokufakelwa kungacatshangelwa.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okungapheli kuba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu abaningi abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo bazofa ngenxa yalesi simo. Ukucabanga ngohlobo lokunakekelwa ongalufuna ekugcineni kwempilo nokuxoxa ngalezi zinkinga nabathandekayo nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kubalulekile.

Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuvame ukugula okungalapheki, okungaba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu baba nokuhluleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo, lapho imithi, ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa, nokuhlinzwa kungasasizi. Abantu abaningi basengozini yokuthola izigqi zenhliziyo ezibulalayo, futhi bangadinga imithi noma i-defibrillator.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-cardiomyopathy.

Thola usizo lwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unezinhlungu esifubeni, ukushaya ngamandla noma ukuquleka.

I-Cardiomyopathy - ivulekile; I-cardiomyopathy eyinhloko; I-cardiomyopathy yesifo sikashukela; I-Idiopathic cardiomyopathy; I-cardiomyopathy ephuzile

• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• Inhliziyo - ukubuka kwangaphambili
• Ukuqina kwenhliziyo
• I-cardiomyopathy ephuzile

UFalk RH, uHershberger RE. Ama-cardiomyopathies avulekile, abekelwe imingcele, futhi angena ngaphakathi. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 77.

UMckenna WJ, u-Elliott P. Izifo ze-myocardium ne-endocardium. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.