I-Hepatitis B

I-Hepatitis B ukucasuka nokuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kwesibindi ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane le-hepatitis B (HBV).

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis yegciwane zibandakanya i-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis C, ne-hepatitis D.

Ungathola ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B ngokuxhumana negazi noma uketshezi lomzimba (isidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, namathe) womuntu onegciwane.

Ukuvezwa kungenzeka:

• Ngemuva kokulimala ngenaliti noma ukulimala
• Uma noma iliphi igazi noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba luthinta isikhumba sakho, amehlo noma umlomo, noma izilonda ezivulekile noma ukusikeka

Abantu abangaba sengozini ye-hepatitis B yilabo:

• Yenza ucansi olungaphephile nomlingani onegciwane
• Thola ukumpontshelwa igazi (akuvamile e-United States)
• Yiba nokuxhumana negazi emsebenzini (njengabasebenzi bezempilo)
• Ngibe kwi-dialysis yezinso yesikhathi eside
• Thola i-tattoo noma i-acupuncture ngezinaliti ezingcolile
• Yabelana ngezinaliti ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa
• Yabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu (njengesixubho samazinyo, insingo nezinsimbi zezinzipho) nomuntu onegciwane
• Bazalwa ngumama onegciwane lesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B

Lonke igazi elisetshenziselwa ukumpontshelwa igazi liyahlolwa, ngakho-ke ithuba lokuthola igciwane ngale ndlela lincane kakhulu.

Ngemuva kokutheleleka okokuqala nge-HBV:

• Ungahle ungabi nazimpawu.
• Ungazizwa ugula isikhathi esiyizinsuku noma amasonto.
• Ungahle ugule ngokushesha okukhulu (okubizwa ngokuthi i-fulminant hepatitis).

Izimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kungenzeka zingaveli izinyanga ezingama-6 ngemuva kwesikhathi sokutheleleka. Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka:

• Ukulahleka kwesifiso
• Ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane ophansi
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isikhumba esiphuzi nomchamo omnyama

Izimpawu zizophela emasontweni ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni uma umzimba wakho ukwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka. Abanye abantu abayikhiphi i-HBV. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-hepatitis B. engapheli.

Abantu abane-hepatitis engapheli kungenzeka bangabi nazo izimpawu futhi kungenzeka bangazi ukuthi banegciwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bangahle babe nezimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi nokuqina kwesibindi.

Ungayisabalalisela abanye abantu i-HBV, noma ngabe awunazo izimpawu.

Uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zegazi olubizwa ngokuthi yi-hepatitis viral panel lwenzelwe ukusolwa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi. Kungasiza ukuthola:

• Ukutheleleka okusha
• Ukutheleleka okudala okusasebenza
• Ukutheleleka okudala okungasasebenzi

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kwenziwa ukubheka ukulimala kwesibindi uma une-hepatitis B engapheli:

• Izinga le-albhamu
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Isikhathi se-Prothrombin

Futhi uzoba nokuhlolwa ukukala izinga le-HBV egazini lakho (inani legciwane egazini). Lokhu kwenza umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo azi ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kanjani.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kufanele bahlolwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kungadingeka ngisho noma bengenazo izimpawu. Izici eziholela ekwandeni kwengozi zibandakanya:

• Izici zobungozi ezichazwe ngenhla ku- Izimbangela ingxenye.
• Abantu abavela emazweni lapho inani eliphakeme labantu bane-hepatitis B. Lawa mazwe noma lezi zindawo zifaka phakathi iJapan, amanye amazwe aseMedithera, izingxenye ezithile ze-Asia kanye ne-Middle East, iNtshonalanga Afrika kanye neSouth Sudan.

I-hepatitis enamandla, ngaphandle uma inzima, ayidingi ukwelashwa. Isibindi neminye imisebenzi yomzimba kuyabukwa kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Kufanele uthole ukuphumula okuningi kombhede, uphuze uketshezi oluningi, futhi udle ukudla okunempilo.

Abanye abantu abane-hepatitis engapheli bangalashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane. Le mithi inganciphisa noma isuse i-hepatitis B egazini. Omunye wemithi umjovo obizwa nge-interferon. Zisiza futhi nasekunciphiseni ubungozi besifo sokuqina kwesibindi nomdlavuza wesibindi.

Akucaci njalo ukuthi yibaphi abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheli okufanele bathole ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nokuthi kufanele kuqale nini. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthole le mithi uma:

• Ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho kuya ngokuya kuba kubi kakhulu.
• Uba nezimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi isikhathi eside.
• Unamazinga aphezulu we-HBV egazini lakho.
• Ukhulelwe.

Ukuze le mithi isebenze kahle kakhulu, udinga ukuyithatha njengokuyalelwa ngumhlinzeki wakho. Buza ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela engemihle ongayilindela nokuthi wenzeni uma unayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu odinga ukuthatha le mithi ophendula kahle.

Uma uhlakulela ukwehluleka kwesibindi, ungacatshangelwa ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kuwukuphela kokwelapha kwezinye izimo zokwehluleka kwesibindi.

Ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha:

• Gwema utshwala.
• Buza umhlinzeki wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi ongayithenga noma izengezo zamakhambi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imithi efana ne-acetaminophen, i-aspirin, noma i-ibuprofen.

Ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi, noma i-cirrhosis, kungabangelwa i-hepatitis B.

Abanye abantu bayazuza ngokuya eqenjini lokusekela izifo zesibindi.

Ukugula okunamandla kuvame ukuphela ngemuva kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Isibindi sivame ukubuyela kokujwayelekile kungakapheli izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha kubantu abaningi.

Cishe zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nengxenye eyodwa yezingane ezithola i-hepatitis B ziba nesimo esingelapheki. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abadala abathola leli gciwane aba ne-hepatitis B.

Kunezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lomdlavuza wesibindi kubantu abane-hepatitis B. engapheli.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Uba nezimpawu zesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B.
• Izimpawu ze-hepatitis B azipheli emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu, noma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha.
• Uyiqembu elisengozini enkulu yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B futhi awunawo umuthi wokugoma we-HBV.

Izingane nabantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-hepatitis B kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B.

• Izingane kufanele zithole umthamo wokuqala wokugoma i-hepatitis B lapho izalwa. Kufanele babe nawo wonke amahlumela ama-3 ochungechungeni ngobudala bezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-18.
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-19 ezingazange zithole umuthi wokugoma kufanele zithole imithamo "yokubamba".
• Abasebenzi bezempilo kanye nalabo abahlala nomuntu one-hepatitis B kufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma.
• Izinsana ezizalwa komama abane-hepatitis B ebukhali noma abaye bangenwa yilesi sifo esikhathini esedlule kufanele bathole umuthi wokugoma okhethekile wesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kungakapheli amahora ayi-12 bezelwe.

Umuthi wokugoma i-hepatitis B noma i-hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) shot ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka uma uyithola kungakapheli amahora angama-24 uthintene naleli gciwane.

Izindlela zokugwema ukuxhumana negazi noketshezi lomzimba kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kumuntu nomuntu.

• Igciwane le-Hepatitis B
• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla
• I-hepatitis engapheli
• I-Hepatitis B

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