Ukuphila nokulahleka kombono

Ukubona okuphansi ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo. Ukugqoka izingilazi ezivamile noma oxhumana nabo akusizi. Abantu abanombono ophansi sebevele bazamile izindlela zokwelapha noma zokuhlinza ezitholakalayo. Futhi azikho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezizosiza. Uma utshelwe ukuthi uzophuphutheka ngokuphelele noma uze ufike ezingeni lapho ungaboni kahle ngokwanele ukuba ufunde, kungasiza ukufunda iBraille ngenkathi usakwazi ukubona.

Abantu abanombono ongaphezu kuka-20/200, abanezibuko noma ama-contact lens, babhekwa njengezimpumputhe ngokusemthethweni ezifundazweni eziningi e-United States. Kepha abantu abaningi kuleli qembu basenombono othile owusizo.

Uma unombono ophansi, ungaba nenkinga yokushayela, ukufunda, noma ukwenza imisebenzi emincane njengokuthunga nobuciko. Kepha ungenza ushintsho ekhaya lakho nasemisebenzini yakho ekwenza ukuthi uhlale uphephile futhi uzimele. Ezinye zalezi zindlela namasu zidinga okungenani umbono othile ngakho-ke ngeke kusize ekungaboni ngokuphelele. Izinsizakalo eziningi ziyatholakala kuwe ukuze uthole ukuqeqeshwa nokusekelwa ukuze usebenze ngokuzimela. Enye yazo yiBraille Institute of America.

Uhlobo lwezinsiza zombono ophansi namasu wokuphila kwansuku zonke owasebenzisayo kuzoya ngohlobo lwakho lokulahleka kombono. Izinsiza namasu ahlukene afaneleka kangcono ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokulahleka kokubuka yilezi:

• Ephakathi (ukufunda noma ukubona ubuso egumbini lonke)
• Umngcele (ohlangothini)
• Akukho ukubona okulula (i-NLP), noma ubumpumputhe obuphelele

Ilungu lomndeni elijwayele ukubona noma umngani angadinga ukukusiza ukusetha ezinye izinhlobo zezinsiza-kufundisa. Ezinye izinketho zifaka:

• Izikhulisi
• Izibuko zokufunda zamandla aphezulu
• Amadivayisi enza kube lula ukusebenzisa amaselula namakhompyutha
• Amawashi enzelwe ukubona okuphansi, noma amawashi okukhuluma namawashi
• Izibuko zetelescopic ezingasiza ekuboneni ibanga

Kumele:

• Khulisa ukukhanyisa okuphelele ekhaya lakho.
• Sebenzisa itafula noma isibani sangaphansi esine-gooseneck noma ingalo eguquguqukayo. Khomba ukukhanya ngqo ezintweni ozifundayo noma emsebenzini.
• Yize ukusebenzisa ama-incandescent noma ama-halogen bulbs kumalambu kunganikeza ukukhanya okuhle okugxile, qaphela ngala malambu. Ziyashisa, ngakho-ke ungazisebenzisi eziseduze kakhulu kuwe isikhathi eside. Ukukhetha okungcono nokonga amandla kungaba ama-bulb e-LED namalambu. Akhiqiza umehluko omkhulu futhi awashisi njengama-halogen bulbs.
• Susa ukukhanya. I-glare ingamkhathaza ngempela umuntu onombono ophansi.

Uzofuna ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezenza impilo ibe lula ngombono ophansi. Uma ikhaya lakho selivele lihleleke kahle, kungadingeka wenze izinguquko ezincane kuphela.

Yiba nendawo yakho konke.

• Gcina izinto endaweni efanayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Beka izinto ekhabetheni elifanayo noma ekhabethe, noma etafuleni elifanayo noma endaweni yokubala.
• Beka izinto endaweni efanayo njalo.
• Gcina izinto ezitsheni ezihlukene ngosayizi, ezinjengamabhokisi amaqanda, izimbiza namabhokisi ezicathulo.

Jwayelana nezinto ezivamile.

• Funda ukubona ukwakheka kwezinto, njengeziqukathi zamaqanda noma amabhokisi okusanhlamvu.
• Sebenzisa ifoni enamanani amakhulu, bese ubamba ngekhanda ikhiphedi.
• Songa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemali yamaphepha ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, phinda u- $ 10 bill ngesigamu bese ugoqa kabili umthethosivivinywa ongu- $ 20.
• Sebenzisa i-Braille noma amasheke amakhulu wokuphrinta.

Bhala izinto zakho.

• Yenza amalebula usebenzisa ifomu elilula le-Braille elibizwa ngokuthi yi-Braille engaphikiswa.
• Sebenzisa amachashazi amancane aphakanyisiwe, amabhande enjoloba, iVelcro, noma itheyiphu enemibala ukufaka ilebula ezintweni.
• Sebenzisa i-caulking, irabha ephakanyisiwe, noma amachashazi epulasitiki ukumaka amasethingi athile wezinto ezisetshenziswayo, njengezilungiselelo zokushisa ku-thermostat yesithando bese ushayela izilungiselelo ku-washer nokomisa.

Kumele:

• Susa izintambo noma izintambo ezikhululekile phansi.
• Susa amatagi wokuphonsa okuxekethile.
• Ungagcini izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane ekhaya lakho.
• Lungisa noma yikuphi ukubeka phansi okungalingani eminyango.
• Faka imikhono yokubamba izandla kubhavu noma eshaweni eduze kwendlu yangasese.
• Beka umata ongenawo okushibilika kubhavu noma eshaweni.

Kumele:

• Hlanganisa izingubo zakho. Gcina amabhulukwe engxenyeni eyodwa yekhabethe kanye namahembe kwenye ingxenye.
• Hlela izingubo zakho ngombala ekhabethe lakho nakumadilowa. Sebenzisa amafindo wokuthunga noma izikhonkwane zokugqoka ukufaka ikhodi ngombala. Isibonelo, ifindo elilodwa noma iphini limnyama, amafindo ama-2 amhlophe, namafindo ama-3 abomvu. Sika amasongo ngaphandle kwamakhadibhodi. Faka amalebula we-Braille noma imibala emasongweni amakhadibhodi. Phakamisa amasongo kuma-hanger.
• Sebenzisa izindandatho zepulasitiki ukubamba amasokisi wamabili ndawonye, ​​uwasebenzise lapho ugeza, womisa futhi ugcina amasokisi akho.
• Sebenzisa izikhwama ezinkulu ze-Ziploc ukuhlukanisa izingubo zakho zangaphansi, amabrashi, ne-pantyhose.
• Hlela ubucwebe ngombala. Sebenzisa amabhokisi amaqanda noma ibhokisi lobucwebe ukuhlunga ubucwebe.

Kumele:

• Sebenzisa amabhuku okupheka amakhulu. Buza udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ukuthi ungazithathaphi lezi zincwadi.
• Sebenzisa i-caulking, iraba ephakanyisiwe, noma amachashazi epulasitiki ukumaka amasethingi kuzilawuli zesitofu sakho, i-ovini, ne-toaster.
• Gcina ukudla ezitsheni ezithile. Maka ngezimpawu zamaBraille.
• Sebenzisa umata wendawo ohluke kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukubona ipuleti lakho kalula. Isibonelo, ipuleti elimhlophe lizovela libhekane nombhede ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ohlaza okotshani obumnyama.

Kumele:

• Gcina imithi ihlelwe kwikhabhinethi ukuze wazi ukuthi ikuphi.
• Faka amabhodlela emithi yelebula ngepeni lethiphu ukuze uzifunde kalula.
• Sebenzisa amabhande enjoloba noma iziqeshana ukwehlukanisa imithi yakho.
• Cela omunye umuntu ukuthi akunikeze imithi yakho.
• Funda amalebula anelensi yokukhulisa.
• Sebenzisa ibhokisi lamaphilisi elinamagumbi izinsuku zesonto nezikhathi zosuku.
• Ungalokothi uqagele lapho uthatha imithi yakho. Uma ungaqiniseki ngemithamo yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho, umhlengikazi noma usokhemisi.

Funda ukuzungeza wedwa.

• Thola ukuqeqeshelwa ukusebenzisa umoba omhlophe omude ukusiza.
• Zijwayeze nomqeqeshi onolwazi ekusebenziseni lolu hlobo lukamoba.

Funda ukuthi ungahamba kanjani ngosizo lomunye umuntu.

• Landela ukunyakaza komunye umuntu.
• Bamba ingalo yomuntu kancane ngenhla kwendololwane bese uhamba ngemuva kancane.
• Qiniseka ukuthi ijubane lakho lifana nelomunye umuntu.
• Cela lowo muntu ukuthi akutshele uma usondela ezinyathelweni noma kunqenqema lomgwaqo. Sondela ezinyathelweni nakuma-curbs ngqo ukuze uzithole ngezinzwane zakho.
• Cela lowo muntu akutshele lapho ungena emnyango.
• Cela lowo muntu akushiye endaweni ethile. Gwema ukushiywa endaweni evulekile.

Isifo sikashukela - ukulahleka kombono; I-retinopathy - ukulahleka kombono; Umbono ophansi; Ubumpumputhe - ukulahleka kombono

I-American Foundation yewebhusayithi engaboni. Ubumpumputhe nokubona okuphansi - izinsiza zokuphila ngokulahleka kombono. www.afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 11, 2020.

Andrews J. Ukwenza ngcono indawo eyakhelwe abantu asebekhulile ababuthaka. Ku: Gcwalisa i-HM, i-Rockwood K, i-Young J, ama-eds. Incwadi kaBrocklehurst ye-Geriatric Medicine ne-Gerontology. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: isahluko 132.

Iwebhusayithi yeBraille Institute. Amasu wokuqondisa. www.brailleinstitute.org/resource/guide-techniques. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 11, 2020.

• Ukukhubazeka kombono nokungaboni