Ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo

Isifo sokuzivikela komzimba senzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela futhi abhubhise izicubu zomzimba ezinempilo ngephutha. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-80 zokuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo.

Amaseli egazi kumasosha omzimba asiza ukuvikela ezintweni eziyingozi. Izibonelo zifaka amabhaktheriya, amagciwane, ubuthi, amangqamuzana omdlavuza, negazi nezicubu ezivela ngaphandle komzimba. Lezi zinto ziqukethe ama-antigen. Amasosha omzimba akhiqiza amasosha omzimba alwa nalawa ma-antigen awenza akwazi ukubulala lezi zinto eziyingozi.

Uma unesifo sokuzimela komzimba, amasosha akho omzimba awahlukanisi phakathi kwezicubu ezinempilo nama-antigen angaba yingozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba ubeka ukusabela okuqeda izicubu ezijwayelekile.

Imbangela ngqo yokuphazamiseka kokuzimela komzimba ayaziwa. Omunye umbono uthi ezinye izinto ezincane (njengamagciwane noma amagciwane) noma izidakamizwa zingadala ushintsho oludida amasosha omzimba. Lokhu kungenzeka kaningi kubantu abanezakhi zofuzo ezibenza bathambekele kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni komzimba.

Ukukhubazeka okuzenzakalelayo kungaholela ku:

• Ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zomzimba
• Ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwesitho
• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni komzimba

Isifo sokuzilimaza singathinta isitho esisodwa noma eziningi noma izinhlobo zezicubu. Izindawo ezivame ukuthinteka yizifo ezizimele zihlanganisa:

• Imithambo yegazi
• Izicubu ezixhuma
• Izindlala ze-Endocrine ezinjengendlala yegilo noma amanyikwe
• Amalunga
• Imisipha
• Amaseli abomvu egazi
• Isikhumba

Umuntu angaba nokugula okungaphezu kokukodwa okuzenzakalelayo ngasikhathi sinye. Izinkinga ezivamile zokuzivikela komzimba zifaka:

• Isifo i-Addison
• Isifo se-Celiac - i-sprue (i-enteropathy ezwela nge-gluten)
• Dermatomyositis
• Isifo samathuna
• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• I-Multiple sclerosis
• I-Myasthenia gravis
• I-anaemia ekhathazayo
• I-arthritis esebenzayo
• Isifo samathambo
• Isifo seSjögren
• Uhlelo lupus erythematosus
• Thayipha I isifo sikashukela

Izimpawu zizohluka, ngokususelwa ohlotsheni nasendaweni yokuphendula okungafanele komzimba. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukukhathala
• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa okujwayelekile (malaise)
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• I-Rash

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwesifo.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa ukuthola ukuxilongwa komzimba kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwama-anti-nuclear antibody
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Autoantibody
• I-CBC
• Iphaneli yemethodi ephelele
• Amaprotheni asebenza ngoku-C (CRP)
• Izinga le-sedimentation ye-Erythrocyte (ESR)
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Izinhloso zokwelashwa uku:

• Lawula inqubo yokuzimela
• Gcina amandla omzimba okulwa nezifo
• Nciphisa izimpawu

Ukwelashwa kuzoya ngesifo nezimpawu zakho. Izinhlobo zokwelashwa zifaka:

• Izithako zokufaka esikhundleni sento umzimba ongenayo, njengehomoni yegilo, uvithamini B12, noma i-insulin, ngenxa yesifo esizimele
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi uma kuthinteka igazi
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukusiza ngokunyakaza uma kuthinteka amathambo, amalunga, noma imisipha

Abantu abaningi bathatha imishanguzo ukunciphisa ukuphendula okungavamile kwesistimu yomzimba. Lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yimithi yokuzivikela emzimbeni. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-corticosteroids (efana ne-prednisone) nezidakamizwa ezingezona ezomzimba ezifana ne-azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, sirolimus, noma i-tacrolimus. Izidakamizwa ezihlosiwe ezifana ne-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers kanye ne-Interleukin inhibitors zingasetshenziselwa ezinye izifo.

Umphumela uya ngesifo. Izifo eziningi ezizimele komzimba azilapheki, kepha eziningi zingalawulwa ngokwelashwa.

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo zingafika zidlule. Lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi ngokwengeziwe, kubizwa ngokuthi i-flare-up.

Izinkinga zixhomeke kulesi sifo. Imithi esetshenziselwa ukucindezela amasosha omzimba ingadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu, njengengozi enkulu yokutheleleka.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uthuthukisa izimpawu zesifo esizimele.

Akukho ukuvimbela okwaziwayo kwezifo eziningi ezizimele.

• Isifo samathuna
• Isifo sikaHashimoto's (chronic thyroiditis)
• I-Multiple sclerosis
• Isifo samathambo
• Isifo samathambo
• Uhlelo lupus erythematosus
• Uketshezi lwe-Synovial
• Isifo samathambo
• Amasosha omzimba

I-Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Ukuzilimaza. Ku: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, abahleli. Incwadi kaKelley noFirestein yeRheumatology. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 19.

UKumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Izifo zamasosha omzimba. Ku: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, ama-eds. AmaRobbins kanye neCotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 6.

I-Peakman M, iBuckland MS. Amasosha omzimba nezifo. Ku: Kumar P, Clark M, ama-eds. Imitholampilo kaKumar noClarke. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 8.

Ubusika WE, uHarris NS, uMerkel KL, uCollinsworth AL, uClapp WL. Izifo ezizimele zomzimba. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhla ka-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 54.