I-atopic dermatitis

I-atopic dermatitis yisifo sesikhumba sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) esibandakanya ukuqubuka okunamahloni nokunwaya. Luhlobo lwe-eczema.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-eczema zifaka:

• Xhumana nesikhumba
• I-Dyshidrotic eczema
• I-ecmema yamagama
• I-Seborrheic dermatitis

I-atopic dermatitis ingenxa yokusabela esikhunjeni. Ukusabela kuholela ekulungeni okuqhubekayo, ukuvuvukala nokubomvu. Abantu abane-atopic dermatitis bangazwela kakhulu ngoba isikhumba sabo asinamaprotheni athile agcina umgoqo wesikhumba emanzini.

I-atopic dermatitis ivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Kungase kuqale kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kweziyisithupha ubudala. Abantu abaningi bayasishiya ngenxa yokuba mdala.

Abantu abane-atopic dermatitis bavame ukuba ne-asthma noma i-allergies yonyaka. Imvamisa kunomlando womndeni wokungezwani komzimba nesifuba somoya, i-hay fever, noma i-eczema. Abantu abane-atopic dermatitis bavame ukuhlolwa ukuthi batholile ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba somzimba. Kodwa-ke, i-atopic dermatitis ayibangelwa ukungezwani komzimba nomzimba.

Okulandelayo kungenza izimpawu ze-atopic dermatitis zibe zimbi kakhulu:

• Ukungezwani komzimba nempova, isikhunta, izibungu zothuli, noma izilwane
• Umoya obandayo nokomile ebusika
• Umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane
• Xhumana nama-irritants namakhemikhali
• Ukuthintana nezinto ezinolaka, njengoboya
• Isikhumba esomile
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo
• Ukomisa isikhumba ekuthatheni amabhati amaningi noma izihlambi nokubhukuda kaningi
• Ukushisa kakhulu noma ukubanda kakhulu, kanye nokushintsha okungazelelwe kokushisa
• Amakha noma amadayi afakwa kuma-lotion esikhumba noma insipho

Izinguquko zesikhumba zingafaka:

• Amabhamuza ane-oozing and crusting
• Isikhumba esomile emzimbeni wonke, noma izindawo zesikhumba esinamaqhuqhuva ngemuva kwezingalo nangaphambi kwamathanga
• Ukukhishwa kwendlebe noma ukuphuma kwegazi
• Izindawo ezingahluziwe zesikhumba kusuka ekuklwebheni
• Izinguquko zombala wesikhumba, njengombala ongaphezulu noma omncane kunethoni ejwayelekile yesikhumba
• Ukubomvu kwesikhumba noma ukuvuvukala okuzungeze amabhamuza
• Izindawo ezijiyile noma ezinjengezikhumba, ezingenzeka ngemuva kokudinwa isikhathi eside nokunwaya

Uhlobo nendawo yokuqubuka kungancika kubudala bomuntu:

• Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engu-2, ukuqubuka kungaqala ebusweni, ekhanda, ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Ukuqhuma kuvame ukunwaya futhi kwakheke amabhamuza aqhamukayo aqhume ngaphezulu.
• Ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala, ukuqubuka kuvame ukubonakala ngaphakathi kwamadolo nasendololwaneni. Ingabonakala nasentanyeni, ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Kubantu abadala, ukuqubuka kungakhawulelwa ezandleni, ezinkalweni, noma ezithweni zangasese.
  
• Ukuqhuma kungahle kwenzeke noma kuphi emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuqubuka okubi.

Ukulunywa okukhulu kuvamile. Ukulunywa kungaqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kokuqubuka. I-atopic dermatitis ivame ukubizwa nge- "itch that rashes" ngoba kuqala ukulunywa, bese kulandela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba ngenxa yokunwaya.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobheka isikhumba sakho bese enza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ungadinga i-biopsy yesikhumba ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa noma ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zesikhumba esomile, esilumayo.

Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ku:

• Isikhumba sakho sibukeka kanjani
• Umlando wakho womuntu siqu nowomndeni

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba komzimba kungasiza kubantu abane:

• Kunzima ukwelapha i-atopic dermatitis
• Ezinye izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okwakha kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba ngemuva kokuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile

Umhlinzeki wakho anga-oda amasiko wokutheleleka kwesikhumba. Uma une-atopic dermatitis, ungathola izifo kalula.

UKUNAKEKELA ISIKHUMBU EKHAYA

Ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba nsuku zonke kunganciphisa isidingo semithi.

Ukukusiza ukuthi ugweme ukunwaya ukuqhuma noma isikhumba sakho:

• Sebenzisa i-moisturizer, ukhilimu we-topical steroid, noma omunye umuthi akunikezwa umhlinzeki wakho.
• Thatha imithi ye-antihistamine ngomlomo ukuze unciphise ukulunywa okunzima.
• Gcina izinzipho zakho zincishisiwe. Gqoka amagilavu ​​akhanyayo ngesikhathi sokulala uma ukuklwebha ebusuku kuyinkinga.

Gcina isikhumba sakho simanzi ngokusebenzisa amafutha (njenge-petroleum jelly), okhilimu, noma ama-lotions izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwezi-3 ngosuku. Khetha imikhiqizo yesikhumba engenawo utshwala, iphunga, udayi namanye amakhemikhali. Isihlanganisi somswakama ukugcina umoya unomswakamo wasekhaya nawo uzosiza.

Gwema izinto ezenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu, njenge:

• Ukudla, okufana namaqanda, okungadala ukusabela okweqile enganeni esencane kakhulu (njalo khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho kuqala)
• Ama-Irritants, afana noboya ne-lanolin
• Izinsipho ezinamandla noma okokuhlanza, kanye namakhemikhali nama-solvents
• Izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekushiseni komzimba nasekucindezelekeni, okungadala ukujuluka
• Izimbangela ezibangela izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba

Lapho ugeza noma ugeza:

• Veza isikhumba sakho ukuze usinisele isikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Amabhati amafushane, apholile angcono kunamabhati amade ashisayo.
• Sebenzisa ukugeza umzimba okuncane nokuhlanza esikhundleni sezinsipho ezijwayelekile.
• Ungasikhuhli noma usomise isikhumba sakho kanzima noma isikhathi eside.
• Faka okhilimu bokugcoba, ama-lotion, noma amafutha esikhunjeni sakho ngenkathi kusamanzi ngemuva kokugeza. Lokhu kuzosiza ukubamba umswakama esikhunjeni sakho.

IMITHI

Ngalesi sikhathi, isibhamu sokungezwani komzimba asisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-atopic dermatitis.

Ama-antihistamine athathwe ngomlomo angasiza ngokulunywa noma ukungezwani komzimba. Imvamisa ungathenga le mithi ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.

I-atopic dermatitis ivame ukwelashwa ngemithi ebekwe ngqo esikhunjeni noma ekhanda. Le mithi ibizwa ngokuthi yimithi yokwelapha ngezihloko ezithile:

• Mhlawumbe uzonikezwa ukhilimu omnene we-cortisone (steroid) noma amafutha ekuqaleni. Ungadinga umuthi onamandla uma lokhu kungasebenzi.
• Imithi ebizwa ngama-topical immunomodulators (TIMs) ingahle ibekelwe noma ngubani ongaphezu kweminyaka emibili. Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokukhathazeka ngengozi yomdlavuza engaba khona ngokusebenzisa le mithi.
• Okhilimu noma amafutha okugcoba aqukethe itiyela lamalahle noma i-anthralin angasetshenziselwa izindawo ezijiyile.
• Kungasetshenziswa okhilimu abalungisa imigoqo equkethe ama-ceramide.

Ukwelashwa okumanzi ngama-topical corticosteroids kungasiza ukulawula isimo. Kodwa, kungaholela ekuthelelekeni.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa zifaka:

• Ukhilimu noma amaphilisi okulwa namagciwane uma isikhumba sakho sithelelekile
• Izidakamizwa ezicindezela amasosha omzimba
• Imithi ye-biologic ehlosiwe eyenzelwe ukuthinta izingxenye zesistimu yomzimba ebandakanyeka ku-atopic dermatitis
• I-Phototherapy, ukwelashwa lapho isikhumba sakho sivezwa ngokucophelela ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet (UV)
• Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhashana kwe-systemic steroids (i-steroids enikezwa ngomlomo noma nge-vein)

I-atopic dermatitis ihlala isikhathi eside. Ungayilawula ngokuyelapha, ngokugwema ukucasulwa, nangokugcina isikhumba sakho simanzi kahle.

Ezinganeni, isimo sivame ukuqala ukusukela eminyakeni yobudala engu-5 kuye kwengu-6, kepha ukuvame ukuvela. Kubantu abadala, inkinga ngokuvamile iba yisikhathi eside noma ukubuya.

I-atopic dermatitis ingaba nzima ukuyilawula uma:

• Uqala esemncane
• Kuhilela inani elikhulu lomzimba
• Kwenzeka kanye nokungezwani komzimba nesifuba somoya
• Kuvela kothile onomlando womndeni we-eczema

Izinkinga ze-atopic dermatitis zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba okubangelwa amagciwane, isikhunta noma amagciwane
• Izibazi ezihlala njalo
• Imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa kwemithi isikhathi eside ukulawula i-eczema

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• I-atopic dermatitis ayibangcono ngokunakekelwa kwasekhaya
• Izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma ukwelashwa kungasebenzi
• Unezimpawu zokutheleleka (njengomkhuhlane, ukubomvu, noma ubuhlungu)

Izingane ezinceliswa kuze kube izinyanga ezine ubudala zingase zibe namathuba amancane okuthola i-atopic dermatitis.

Uma ingane inganceliswa ibele, ukusebenzisa ifomula equkethe amaprotheni obisi lwenkomo acubunguliwe (abizwa ngokuthi ifomula elinamanzi amancane) kunganciphisa amathuba okuba ne-atopic dermatitis.

I-eczema yezinsana; Dermatitis - atopic; I-Eczema

• I-Keratosis pilaris - ukusondela
• I-atopic dermatitis
• Okuphezulu emaqakaleni
• Dermatitis - atopic enganeni
• I-eczema, i-atopic - ukusondela
• I-Dermatitis - i-atopic ebusweni bentombazane encane
• I-Keratosis pilaris esihlathini
• Dermatitis - atopic emilenzeni
• Hyperlinearity ku-atopic dermatitis

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Academy of Dermatology Association. Izinhlobo ze-eczema: ukubuka konke kwe-atopic dermatitis. www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 25, 2021.

IBoguniewicz M, iLeung DYM. I-atopic dermatitis. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 33.

I-Dinulos JGH. I-atopic dermatitis. Ku: I-Dinulos JGH, ed. IHabif's Clinical Dermatology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 5.

UMcAleer MA, O'Regan GM, u-Irvine AD. I-atopic dermatitis. Ku: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, ama-eds. Isikhumba. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 12.