I-Histoplasmosis

I-Histoplasmosis yisifo esivela ekuphefumuleni izinhlamvu zefungus I-Histoplasma capsulatum.

I-Histoplasmosis yenzeka emhlabeni wonke. E-United States, kuvame kakhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga, maphakathi ne-Atlantic, naphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi ezigodini zaseMississippi nase-Ohio River.

I-Histoplasma fungus ikhula njengesikhunta emhlabathini. Ungagula uma uphefumula izinhlamvu ezikhiqizwa yikhunta. Umhlabathi oqukethe ubulembu bezinyoni noma belulwane ungaba nenani elikhulu lalesi sikhunta. Usongo lukhulu kakhulu ngemuva kokuba ibhilidi elidala lidiliziwe, noma emihumeni.

Lokhu kutheleleka kungenzeka kubantu abanamasosha omzimba anempilo. Kepha, ukuba namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kwandisa ingozi yokuthola noma ukuvuselela lesi sifo. Abantu abancane kakhulu noma asebekhulile kakhulu, noma labo abane-HIV / AIDS, umdlavuza, noma ukufakelwa komzimba banezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu.

Abantu abanesifo samaphaphu sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) (njenge-emphysema ne-bronchiectasis) nabo basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okunzima kakhulu.

Iningi labantu alinazo izimpawu, noma linokugula okuncane okufana nomkhuhlane.

Uma izimpawu zenzeka, zingabandakanya:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Ubuhlungu bokukhwehlela nobesifuba obuba nzima lapho uphefumula
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Amaqhuqhuva esikhumba abomvu, imvamisa emilenzeni engezansi

Ukutheleleka kungasebenza isikhathi esifushane, bese izimpawu ziyaphela. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu kungaba okungapheli. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba nokuphefumula okuncane
• Khwehlela, mhlawumbe ukhwehlela igazi
• Imfiva nokujuluka

Kubantu abambalwa, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, i-histoplasmosis isakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-histoplasmosis esatshalalisiwe. Ukuphendula ukucasuka kokutheleleka nokuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kuyenzeka. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba ngokuvuvukala kwesembozo esifana nesaka esizungeze inhliziyo (i-pericarditis)
• Ukuqina kwekhanda nentamo ngenxa yokuvuvukala kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla (meningitis)
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu

I-Histoplasmosis itholakala nge:

• I-biopsy yamaphaphu, isikhumba, isibindi noma umnkantsha wethambo
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma umchamo ukuthola amaprotheni we-histoplasmosis noma amasosha omzimba
• Amasiko egazi, umchamo, noma isikhwehlela (lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza ukuxilongwa okucacile kwe-histoplasmosis, kepha imiphumela ingathatha amaviki ayisithupha)

Ukusiza ukuxilonga lesi simo, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angenza lokhu:

• I-Bronchoscopy (isivivinyo esisebenzisa isilinganiso sokubuka esifakwe ku-airway wamaphaphu ukuze uhlole izimpawu zokutheleleka)
• Isikena se-CT esifubeni
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Thepha umgogodla ukuze ubheke izimpawu zokutheleleka ku-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Kwabanye abantu abaphilile, lokhu kutheleleka kuvame ukuphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Uma ugula isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa noma unenkinga yokuphefumula, umhlinzeki wakho angakunikeza umuthi. Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-histoplasmosis yizidakamizwa ezibulalayo.

• Ama-antifungal angadinga ukunikezwa ngomthambo, kuya ngesimo noma isigaba sesifo.
• Eminye yale mithi ingaba nemiphumela engemihle.
• Ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside ngemithi elwa nokubola kungadingeka kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1 kuya kwengu-2.

Umbono uncike ekutheni ukutheleleka kubucayi kangakanani, nesimo sakho sempilo jikelele. Abanye abantu baba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ukutheleleka okusebenzayo kuvame ukuhamba nomuthi wokubulala. Kepha, ukutheleleka kungashiya isibazi ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu.

Izinga lokufa liphezulu kubantu abane-histoplasmosis esatshalalisiwe engalashiwe abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Ukugqashuka emgodini wesifuba kungafaka ingcindezi kulokhu:

• Imithambo yegazi emikhulu ethwala igazi liyise futhi lisuke enhliziyweni
• Inhliziyo
• I-Esophagus (ipayipi lokudla)
• Ama-lymph node

Ama-lymph node akhulisiwe esifubeni angacindezela ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezinjenge-esophagus nemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-histoplasmosis ijwayelekile futhi uthuthuka:

• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Khwehlela
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Ngenkathi kunezinye izifo eziningi ezinezimpawu ezifanayo, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolelwe i-histoplasmosis.

I-Histoplasmosis ingavinjelwa ngokunciphisa ukuvezwa kothuli ezindlini zezinkukhu, emigedeni yelulwane nakwezinye izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu. Gqoka izifihla-buso nezinye izinto zokuzivikela uma usebenza noma ungena kulezi zindawo.

Ukutheleleka kwe-fungal - i-histoplasmosis; Umkhuhlane we-Ohio River Valley; I-Fibrosing mediastinitis

• Amaphaphu
• I-histoplasmosis enamandla
• Kusatshalaliswe i-histoplasmosis
• I-Histoplasmosis, isatshalaliswa esigulini se-HIV

I-Deepe GS. I-Histoplasma capsulatum (i-histoplasmosis). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 265.

UKauffman CA. I-Histoplasmosis. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 332.