Ubuthi be-paraquat

I-Paraquat (dipyridylium) ingumbulali wokhula onobuthi kakhulu (i-herbicide). Esikhathini esedlule, i-United States yakhuthaza iMexico ukuthi iyisebenzisele ukubhubhisa izitshalo zensangu. Kamuva, ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi lo mkhula wokubulala ukhula wawuyingozi kubasebenzi abawufaka ezitshalweni.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngezinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona ngokugwinya noma ngokuphefumula nge-paraquat.

Lo mbhalo ungowolwazi kuphela. UNGAYisebenzisi ukwelapha noma ukuphatha ukuvezwa kobuthi uqobo. Uma wena noma umuntu onaye unokuchayeka, shayela inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911), noma isikhungo sendawo sakho sobuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela ucingo lwasimahla lwe-Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States.

E-United States, i-paraquat ihlukaniswa ngokuthi "ukusetshenziswa okuvinjelwe kokuhweba." Abantu kumele bathole ilayisense yokusebenzisa umkhiqizo.

Ukuphefumula nge-paraquat kungadala ukulimala kwamaphaphu futhi kungaholela esifo okuthiwa yi-paraquat lung. I-paraquat idala ukulimala emzimbeni lapho ithinta ulwelwesi lomlomo, isisu noma amathumbu. Ungagula uma i-paraquat ithinta ukusika esikhunjeni sakho. I-Paraquat nayo ingalimaza izinso, isibindi, nomphimbo (ithubhu lapho ukudla kwehla kusuka emlonyeni wakho kuya esiswini sakho).

Uma i-paraquat igwinyiwe, ukufa kungenzeka ngokushesha. Ukufa kungavela emgodini wesimila, noma ngokuvuvukala okukhulu kwendawo okuzungeze imithambo yegazi emikhulu nemigwaqo yomoya maphakathi nesifuba.

Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kwe-paraquat kungadala ukushwabana kwamaphaphu okuthiwa yi-pulmonary fibrosis. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.

Izimpawu zobuthi be-paraquat zifaka:

• Ukusha nobuhlungu emphinjeni
• I-Coma
• Kunzima ukuphefumula
• Wakhala igazi
• Ukuquleka
• Ukushaqeka
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuhlanza, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza igazi

Uzobuzwa ukuthi ngabe uvezwe yini nge-paraquat. Thatha isiqukathi uhambe naso uye esibhedlela, uma kungenzeka.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzolinganisa futhi aqaphe izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi. Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• I-Bronchoscopy (ishubhu emlonyeni nasemphinjeni) ukubuka noma yimuphi umonakalo wamaphaphu
• I-Endoscopy (ithubhu engena emlonyeni nasemphinjeni) ukubheka noma yikuphi ukulimala emphinjeni nasesiswini

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kohlobo lwe-paraquat. Umgomo ukukhulula izimpawu nokuphatha izinkinga. Uma udalulwa, izinyathelo zosizo lokuqala zifaka:

• Ukususa zonke izingubo ezingcolisiwe.
• Uma ikhemikhali lithinte isikhumba sakho, geza indawo ngensipho namanzi imizuzu eyi-15. Ungakhubi kanzima, ngoba lokho kungaphula isikhumba sakho futhi kuvumele okuningi kwe-paraquat kungene emzimbeni wakho.
• Uma i-paraquat ingene emehlweni akho, basakaze ngamanzi imizuzu eyi-15.
• Uma uke wagwinya i-paraquat, welashwa ngamalahle acushiwe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze wehlise inani elitholwe emgodini wamathumbu. Abantu abagulayo bangadinga inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-hemoperfusion, ehlunga igazi ngamalahle ukuzama ukususa i-paraquat emaphashini.

Esibhedlela, cishe uzothola:

• Amalahle avuliwe ngomlomo noma ngeshubhu angene ekhaleni angene esiswini uma umuntu eletha usizo kungakapheli ihora afake ubuthi
• Ukwesekwa kokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi i-oxygen, ishubhu elingena emlonyeni kuya emphinjeni, nomshini wokuphefumula
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (ngu-IV)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu

Umphumela uncike ekutheni ukuvezwa kukhulu kangakanani. Abanye abantu bangaba nezimpawu ezihlobene nokuphefumula okuncane futhi bathole ngokugcwele. Abanye bangaba nezinguquko ezihlala njalo emaphashini abo. Uma umuntu egwinya lo shevu, ukufa kungenzeka ngaphandle kokuthola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha.

Lezi zinkinga zingenzeka kusuka kubuthi be-paraquat:

• Ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu
• Izimbobo noma ukusha emqaleni
• Ukuvuvukala nokutheleleka esifubeni, kuthinta izitho ezibalulekile nemithambo yegazi
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Ukuqhuma kwamaphaphu

Uma ukholwa ukuthi uvezwe ku-paraquat, funa usizo lwezokwelashwa khona manjalo.

Isikhungo sakho sendawo sokulawula ubuthi singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo kazwelonke izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nochwepheshe bokufaka ushevu. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Zonke izikhungo zokulawula ubuthi e-United States zisebenzisa le nombolo kazwelonke. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Funda amalebula kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. Ungasebenzisi noma yikuphi okuqukethe i-paraquat. Hlala kude nezindawo lapho ingasetshenziswa khona. Gcina bonke ubuthi esitsheni sabo sokuqala futhi bungatholakali ezinganeni.

Ipharaquat lung

• Amaphaphu

IBlanc PD. Izimpendulo ezinzima ekudalweni okunobuthi. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 75.

UWelker K, Thompson TM. Izibulala-zinambuzane. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 157.