I-Meningococcemia

I-Meningococcemia yisifo esibi futhi esisongela impilo segazi.

I-Meningococcemia ibangelwa amagciwane abizwa ngokuthi I-Neisseria meningitidis. Amagciwane ngokuvamile ahlala endaweni ephezulu yokuphefumula yomuntu ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu zokugula. Zingasakazeka zisuka kumuntu ziye komunye ngamaconsi okuphefumula. Isibonelo, ungangenwa igciwane uma useduze nomuntu onaleso sifo bese ethimula noma ekhwehlela.

Amalungu omndeni nalabo abasondelene kakhulu nomuntu onalesi sifo basengozini enkulu. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kaningi ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Kungase kube nezimpawu ezimbalwa ekuqaleni. Ezinye zingafaka:

• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isicanucanu
• I-Rash enamabala amancane kakhulu abomvu noma ansomi ezinyaweni noma emilenzeni

Izimpawu zakamuva zingafaka:

• Ukwehla kwezinga lakho lokuqonda
• Izindawo ezinkulu zokopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• Ukushaqeka

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokwenziwa ukukhipha ezinye izifo nokusiza ukuqinisekisa i-meningococcemia. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kungafaka:

• Isiko legazi
• Gcwalisa inani legazi ngokuhluka
• Izifundo zokuvala igazi

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar ukuthola isampula loketshezi lomgogodla webala le-Gram namasiko
• Isikhumba se-biopsy ne-Gram stain
• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo

I-Meningococcemia iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Abantu abanalesi sifo bavame ukungeniswa egumbini labagula kakhulu esibhedlela, lapho begadwa khona ngeso lokhozi. Bangabekwa bodwa ngokuphefumula amahora angama-24 okuqala ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo kwabanye.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ama-antibiotic anikezwa ngomthambo ngokushesha
• Ukuxhaswa kokuphefumula
• Izici zokuvala noma ukufakwa kweplatelet, uma kuvela ukuphazamiseka kokopha
• Uketshezi ngomthambo
• Imithi yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukunakekelwa kwesilonda ezindaweni zesikhumba ezinamahlule egazi

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuba nomphumela omuhle. Lapho kuvela ukushaqeka, umphumela awuqinisekile.

Lesi simo sisongela kakhulu impilo kulabo abane:

• Isifo esibi sokopha esibizwa ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-intravascular coagulopathy (DIC)
• Ukuhluleka kwezinso
• Ukushaqeka

Izinkinga ezingaba khona zalesi sifo yilezi:

• Isifo samathambo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (DIC)
• I-Gangrene ngenxa yokuntuleka kokunikezwa kwegazi
• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi esikhunjeni
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo
• Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwenhliziyo
• Ukushaqeka
• Ukulimala okukhulu kwezindlala ze-adrenal okungaholela ekucindezelekeni kwegazi okuphansi (I-Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)

Iya egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ze-meningococcemia. Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uke waba seduze komuntu onalesi sifo.

Imithi elwa namagciwane yokuvikela amalungu omndeni nabanye oxhumana nabo abasondelene kaningi kunconywa. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngale nketho.

Umuthi wokugoma ohlanganisa ezinye, kepha hhayi zonke, izinhlobo ze-meningococcus kunconywa izingane ezineminyaka yobudala eyi-11 noma eyi-12. I-booster inikezwa ineminyaka engu-16. Abafundi bezikole zasekolishi abangagonyiwe abahlala ezindlini zokulala kufanele nabo bacabangele ukuthola lo mgomo. Kufanele inikezwe amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukungena endaweni yokulala. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nalo mgomo.

Meningococcal septicemia; I-Meningococcal blood poisoning; I-Meningococcal bacteremia

Isifo sikaMarquez L. Meningococcal. Ku: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaFeigin neCherry's Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 88.

UStephens DS, u-Apicella MA. I-Neisseria meningitidis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 213.