Imasisi

Imasisi yisifo esithathelwanayo (esisakazeka kalula) esibangelwa igciwane.

Imasisi isabalaliswa ngokuthintana namaconsi avela emakhaleni, emlonyeni, noma emphinjeni womuntu onegciwane. Ukuthimula nokukhwehlela kungabeka amaconsi angcolile emoyeni.

Uma umuntu oyedwa enesimungumungwane, u-90% wabantu abahlangana nalowo muntu bazothola isimungumungwane, ngaphandle uma begonywe.

Abantu ababenezimungumungwane noma abagonyelwe isimungumungwane bavikelekile kulesi sifo. Ngo-2000, isimungumungwane sase sisusiwe e-United States. Kodwa-ke, abantu abangagonyiwe abaya kwamanye amazwe lapho kuvame khona isimungumungwane babuyise lesi sifo e-United States. Lokhu kuholele ekuqubekeni kwesimungumungwane muva nje ngamaqembu abantu abangagonyiwe.

Abanye abazali abavumeli izingane zabo zigonywe. Lokhu kungenxa yokwesaba okungenasisekelo ukuthi umuthi wokugoma we-MMR, ovikela isimungumungwane, uqwilikana, ne-rubella, ungadala i-autism. Abazali nabanakekeli kufanele bazi ukuthi:

• Ucwaningo olukhulu lwezinkulungwane zezingane alutholanga ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokhu noma yimuphi umuthi wokugoma kanye ne-autism.
• Ukubuyekezwa kwazo zonke izinhlangano ezinkulu zezempilo e-United States, Great Britain, nakwezinye izindawo konke akuthole NO Xhumano phakathi komuthi wokugoma we-MMR ne-autism.
• Ucwaningo olwalubike okokuqala ubungozi be-autism kulo muthi wokugoma lukhonjiswe njengolunomkhonyovu.

Izimpawu zesimungumungwane zivame ukuqala ezinsukwini eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-14 ngemuva kokuchayeka kuleligciwane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sokufukamela.

I-Rash imvamisa uphawu olukhulu. Ukuqhuma:

• Imvamisa kuvela izinsuku ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5 ngemuva kwezimpawu zokuqala zokugula
• Kwangathi kungagcina izinsuku ezi-4 kuya kwezi-7
• Imvamisa iqala ekhanda futhi isabalale iye kwezinye izindawo, ihambise phansi umzimba
• Kungabonakala njengezindawo ezicabalele, ezinombala (ama-macules) nezindawo eziqinile, ezibomvu, eziphakanyisiwe (ama-papules) kamuva ezihlangana
• Ukulunywa

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Amehlo abomvu igazi
• Khwehlela
• Imfiva
• Ukuzwela okukhanyayo (photophobia)
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Amehlo abomvu futhi avuvukile (i-conjunctivitis)
• Iphunga eligijimayo
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Amabala amancane amhlophe ngaphakathi komlomo (izindawo zeKoplik)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu. Ukuxilongwa kungenziwa ngokubheka ukuqubuka nokubona izindawo zeKoplik emlonyeni. Kwesinye isikhathi isimungumungwane kungaba nzima ukusihlola lapho kudingeka kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwesimungumungwane.

Okulandelayo kunganciphisa izimpawu:

• I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol)
• Ukuphumula kombhede
• Umoya othobekile

Ezinye izingane zingadinga izengezo zikavithamini A, ezinciphisa ubungozi bokufa nezinkinga ezinganeni ezingatholi uvithamini A owanele.

Labo abangenazo izinkinga ezifana nenyumoniya benza kahle kakhulu.

Izinkinga zokutheleleka ngesimungumungwane zingafaka:

• Ukuthukuthela nokuvuvukala kwezindima eziyinhloko ezihambisa umoya emaphashini (i-bronchitis)
• Uhudo
• Ukucasula nokuvuvukala kobuchopho (encephalitis)
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe (i-otitis media)
• Inyumoniya

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho unezimpawu zesimungumungwane.

Ukuthola umgomo kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvikela isimungumungwane. Abantu abangagonyiwe, noma abangakakutholi ukugoma okuphelele, basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo uma bedalulwa.

Ukuthatha i-serum immune globulin zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuvezwa yigciwane kunganciphisa ubungozi bokuthola isimungumungwane noma kwenze lesi sifo sibe nzima kakhulu.

URubeola

• Imasisi, izindawo zeKoplik - ukusondela
• Imasisi ngemuva
• Amasosha omzimba

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Imasisi (rubeola). www.cdc.gov/measles/index.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 5, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 6, 2020.

I-Cherry JD, igciwane le-Measles. Ku: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaFeigin neCherry's Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 180.

UMaldonado YA, uShetty AK. Igciwane leRubeola: isimungumungwane ne-subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Ku: SS ende, Prober CG, Fischer M, eds. Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza Kwezifo Ezithathelwanayo Zengane. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 227.