Iskena sekhanda le-CT

Iskena se-head computed tomography (CT) sisebenzisa ama-x-ray amaningi ukudala izithombe zekhanda, kufaka phakathi ugebhezi, ubuchopho, amasokhethi wamehlo, nezono.

I-Head CT yenziwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni se-radiology.

Ulele etafuleni elincane elingena phakathi kwesithwebuli se-CT.

Ngenkathi ungaphakathi kwesithwebuli, ugongolo lomshini lwe-x-ray luzungeza wena.

Ikhompyutha idala izithombe ezihlukene zendawo yomzimba, ezibizwa ngokuthi izingcezu. Lezi zithombe kungaba:

• Kugciniwe
• Kubukwe kumonitha
• Kulondolozwe kudiski

Amamodeli amathathu-ntathu endawo yekhanda angakhiwa ngokufaka izingcezu ndawonye.

Kufanele uthule ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ngoba ukunyakaza kubangela izithombe ezifiphalisiwe. Ungatshelwa ukuthi ubambe umoya wakho isikhathi esifushane.

Ukuskena okuphelele ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzwana engama-30 kuphela ukuya emizuzwini embalwa.

Izivivinyo ezithile ze-CT zidinga udayi okhethekile, obizwa ngokuthi okwehlukile. Ihanjiswa emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Umehluko usiza izindawo ezithile ukuthi zibonakale kangcono kuma-x-ray.

• Umehluko unganikezwa ngomthambo (IV) osesandleni sakho noma engalweni. Uma kusetshenziswa umehluko, ungacelwa futhi ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze noma yini amahora amane kuya kwayisithupha ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uma ngabe uke waba nokusabela kokungafani. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthathe imithi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuze uyithole ngokuphepha.
• Ngaphambi kokuthola umehluko, tshela umhlinzeki wakho uma uthatha umuthi wesifo sikashukela i-metformin (Glucophage). Ungadinga ukuthatha ezinye izinyathelo zokuqapha. Futhi yazisa umhlinzeki wakho uma unezinkinga zomsebenzi wezinso njengoba umehluko we-IV ungayenza ibe yimbi le nkinga.

Uma unesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-135, thola ukuthi umshini we-CT unomkhawulo wesisindo. Eminye imishini iyakwenza.

Uzocelwa ukuthi ususe ubucwebe futhi kungenzeka udinge ukugqoka ingubo yasesibhedlela ngesikhathi kufundwa.

Ama-x-ray akhiqizwa yi-CT scan awanabuhlungu. Abanye abantu bangase bangakhululeki ngokulala etafuleni eliqinile.

Izinto zokuqhathanisa ezinikezwe ngomthambo zingadala:

• Umuzwa ovuthayo omncane
• Ukunambitheka kwensimbi emlonyeni
• Ukushiswa komzimba okufudumele

Lokhu kujwayelekile futhi kuvame ukuphela ngemizuzwana embalwa.

Kunconywa i-head CT scan ukusiza ukuxilonga noma ukuqapha lezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuzalwa (ukuzalwa) ukukhubazeka kwekhanda noma kwengqondo
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho
• Isigaxa sobuchopho
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukulimala (ukuhlukumezeka) ebuchosheni, ekhanda, noma ebusweni
• Unhlangothi noma ukopha ebuchosheni

Kungenziwa futhi ukubheka imbangela yalokhu:

• Usayizi wekhanda ongajwayelekile ezinganeni
• Izinguquko ekucabangeni nasekuziphatheni
• Ukuquleka
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda, lapho unezinye izimpawu noma izimpawu ezithile
• Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa (kwabanye abantu)
• Izimpawu zokulimala kwengxenye yobuchopho, njengezinkinga zokubona, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuba ndikindiki nokushoshozela, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma ukugwinya izinkinga

Imiphumela engajwayelekile ingabangelwa:

• Imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile (i-arteriovenous malformation)
• Ukuqhuma kwesitsha segazi ebuchosheni (aneurysm)
• Ukopha (ngokwesibonelo, i-subdural hematoma noma ukuphuma kwezicubu zobuchopho)
• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo
• Ithumba lobuchopho noma ukutheleleka
• Ukulimala kobuchopho ngenxa yokulimala
• Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu noma ukulimala
• Isimila sobuchopho noma okunye ukukhula (ubukhulu)
• Ukulahleka kwezicubu zobuchopho (i-cerebral atrophy)
• IHydrocephalus
• Izinkinga ngenzwa yokuzwa
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma okwedlulayo kwe-ischemic (TIA)

Izingozi zokuhlolwa kwe-CT zifaka:

• Ukuvezwa yimisebe
• Ukusabela okweqile ekuqhathaniseni udayi
• Ukulimala kwezinso kudayi wokuqhathanisa

Izikena ze-CT zisebenzisa imisebe eminingi kunama-x-ray avamile. Ukuba nama-x-ray amaningi noma ama-CT scan ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kungakhuphula ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ingozi evela kunoma yikuphi ukuskena okukodwa incane. Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kufanele nilinganise le ngozi ngezinzuzo zokuthola ukuxilongwa okulungile kwenkinga yezokwelapha.

Abanye abantu banokungezwani komzimba nokuqhathanisa udayi. Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nodayi wokuqhathanisa ojojowe.

• Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungafani olunikezwe emthanjeni luqukethe iodine. Uma umuntu one-iodine yokungezwani komzimba anikezwe lolu hlobo lokuqhathanisa, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, ukuthimula, ukulunywa, noma isifuba kungenzeka.
• Uma kufanele unikezwe umehluko onjalo, umhlinzeki wakho angakunika ama-antihistamine (njengeBenadryl) noma ama-steroids ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuvimbela ukusabela okweqile.
• Izinso zisiza ukususa i-iodine emzimbeni. Labo abanesifo sezinso noma isifo sikashukela kungadingeka bathole uketshezi oluthe xaxa ngemuva kokuhlolwa ukusiza ukukhipha iodine emzimbeni.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, udayi ungadala impendulo esongela impilo yokungezwani komzimba ebizwa nge-anaphylaxis. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, tshela i-opharetha yesithwebuli ngokushesha. Ama-scanner eza ne-intercom nezipikha, ngakho-ke umuntu angakuzwa ngaso sonke isikhathi.

I-CT scan inganciphisa noma igweme isidingo sezinqubo ezihlaselayo zokuthola izinkinga kugebhezi. Le ngenye yezindlela eziphephe kakhulu zokufunda ikhanda nentamo.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezingenziwa esikhundleni se-head CT scan zifaka:

• I-MRI yekhanda
• Ukuskena kwekhanda kwePostron emission tomography (PET)

I-Brain CT; I-Cranial CT; I-CT scan - ugebhezi; I-CT scan - ikhanda; I-CT scan - imizila; I-CT scan - amasinusi; I-tomography ehlanganisiwe - i-cranial; Ukuskena i-CAT - ubuchopho

• Inhloko CT

I-Barras CD, iBhattacharya JJ. Isimo samanje sokucabanga kobuchopho nezici ze-anatomical. Ku: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, ama-eds. I-Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 53.

IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. I-Cerebral computed tomography - ukuxilonga. Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ama-eds. Ukuhlolwa Kwelabhoratri Nezinqubo Zokuxilonga. Umhlaka 6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: 310-312.