Ababonisi be-NICU nabasebenzi bokusekela

I-NICU iyunithi ekhethekile esibhedlela yezingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kusenesikhathi, noma ezinesinye isimo esibucayi sezempilo. Iningi lezingane ezizalwe kusenesikhathi zizodinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngababonisi nabasebenzi bokusekelwa abangabandakanyeka ekunakekelweni kwengane yakho ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zezokwelapha zosana lwakho.

ISAZILI SESAZI

I-audiologist iqeqeshelwe ukuhlola ukuzwa kwengane futhi inikeze ukunakekelwa kokulandelela kulabo abanezinkinga zokuzwa. Iningi lezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa lihlolwa izindlebe ngaphambi kokuphuma esibhedlela. Abahlinzeki bakho bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa nakho kungenziwa ngemuva kokuphuma esibhedlela.

ISazi sezifundo zenhliziyo

Isazi senhliziyo ngudokotela onoqeqesho olukhethekile ekuhlolweni nasekwelapheni isifo senhliziyo nesogazi. Odokotela bezinhliziyo ezingane baqeqeshelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zenhliziyo ezisanda kuzalwa. Udokotela wenhliziyo angahlola ingane, a-oda izivivinyo, futhi afunde imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kokuthola izimo zenhliziyo kungafaka:

• I-X-ray
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-Echocardiogram
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo

Uma ukwakheka kwenhliziyo kungejwayelekile ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, isazi senhliziyo singasebenza nodokotela ohlinzayo wenhliziyo ukwenza ukuhlinzwa enhliziyweni.

SURGEON WOKUPHILA KWE-CARDIOVASCULAR

Udokotela ohlinzayo wenhliziyo (inhliziyo) ngudokotela onoqeqesho olukhethekile ekwenzeni ukuhlinzeka ukulungisa noma ukwelapha ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo. Odokotela abahlinzayo benhliziyo nemithambo yegazi baqeqeshelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zenhliziyo ezisanda kuzalwa.

Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlinzwa kungalungisa inkinga yenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulungiswa okuphelele akunakwenzeka futhi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ukuze nje inhliziyo isebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzosebenza eduze nodokotela wenhliziyo ukunakekela umntwana ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

ISAZI SEZIMBALI

Udokotela wesikhumba ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ezifweni nasezimeni zesikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho. Udokotela onjalo angacelwa ukuthi abheke ukuqubuka noma ukulimala kwesikhumba enganeni esesibhedlela. Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wesikhumba angathatha isampula yesikhumba, ebizwa nge-biopsy. Udokotela wesikhumba angahle asebenze nodokotela wezifo ukuze afunde imiphumela ye-biopsy.

UMDALI WOKUTHUTHUKISA

Udokotela wezingane othuthukayo ngudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuxilonga nokunakekela izinsana ezinenkinga yokwenza okungenziwa ezinye izingane ezingontanga yazo. Lolu hlobo lodokotela luvame ukuhlola izingane esezivele zibuyele ekhaya zivela ku-NICU futhi zizo-oda noma zenze izivivinyo zentuthuko. Udokotela angakusiza nokuthi uthole izinsizakusebenza eduze kwekhaya lakho ezinikeza izindlela zokwelapha ukusiza izinsana nezingane ekuhlangabezaneni nezinyathelo zentuthuko. Odokotela bezingane abasathuthuka basebenza eduze nabahlengikazi, abelaphi bokusebenza, abelaphi bomzimba, kwesinye isikhathi nodokotela bezinzwa.

UDIETITI

Ingcweti ekudleni inokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ekusekelweni kokudla okunempilo (ukondla). Lolu hlobo lomhlinzeki lungasebenza ngokukhethekile ekunakekelweni kokudla okunempilo kwezingane (izingane). Izazi zokudla zisiza ekunqumeni ukuthi ngabe ingane yakho ithola izakhi zomzimba ezanele yini, futhi zingancoma ezinye izinqumo zokudla okunikezwa ngegazi noma ngepayipi lokudla.

ISIQEPHU SOKUQEDELA ISIQEPHU

I-endocrinologist yezingane ingudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izinsana ezinezinkinga zehomoni. Odokotela be-endocrinologists bangacelwa ukuthi babone izingane ezinenkinga ngezinga likasawoti noma ushukela emzimbeni, noma ezinenkinga ngokukhula kwezindlala ezithile nezitho zocansi.

IGASTROENTEROLOGIST

I-gastroenterologist yezingane ingudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izinsana ezinezinkinga zohlelo lokugaya ukudla (isisu namathumbu) nesibindi. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane enezinkinga zokugaya noma zesibindi. Ukuhlolwa, okufana nama-x-ray, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, noma ama-ultrasound esiswini, kungenziwa.

ISAZI SEZENZULWANE

Isazi sezakhi zofuzo singudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izinsana ezinezimo zokuzalwa (ezizuzwe njengefa), kufaka phakathi izinkinga ze-chromosomal noma ama-syndromes. Ukuhlolwa, njengokuhlaziywa kwe-chromosome, izifundo ze-metabolic, kanye nama-ultrasound, kungenziwa.

I-HEMATOLOGIST-ONCOLOGIST

I-hematologist-oncologist yezingane ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izingane ezinenkinga yegazi nezinhlobo zomdlavuza. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone umuntu ngezinkinga zokopha ngenxa yamaplatelet aphansi noma ezinye izinto ezijiyisayo. Ukuhlolwa, njengokubala okuphelele kwegazi noma izifundo ezijiyisayo, kungahle ku-odwe.

INGCWABI YESIFO ESITHOLAKALAYO

Uchwepheshe wezifo ezithathelwanayo ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izifo. Bangacelwa ukuthi babone ingane eba nezifo ezingavamile noma ezimbi. Ukutheleleka ezinganeni kungafaka ukutheleleka ngegazi noma ukutheleleka kobuchopho nomgogodla.

ISIKHUNGO SOKWELAPHA KWEZIMBALI

Udokotela wemithi kamama-fetal (i-perinatologist) ungudokotela obelethayo oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekunakekeleni abesifazane abakhulelwe abasengozini enkulu. Ingcuphe ephezulu isho ukuthi kunamathuba amaningi ezinkinga. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lunakekela abesifazane abasebenza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukukhulelwa okuningi (amawele noma ngaphezulu), umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma isifo sikashukela.

UMSEBENZI WABAHLENGI WONKE (NENATAL)

Abasebenzi abangabahlengikazi abangamaNeatal (NNP) bangabahlengikazi abasebenza ngokwengeziwe abanolwazi oluthe xaxa ekunakekeleni izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ngaphezu kokuqedela izinhlelo zemfundo ezingeni eliphakeme noma lobudokotela. I-NNP isebenza nodokotela we-neonatologist ukuxilonga nokwelapha izinkinga zezempilo ezinganeni ze-NICU. I-NNP futhi yenza izinqubo zokusiza ukuxilonga nokuphatha izimo ezithile.

UNEPHROLOGIST

I-nephrologist yezingane ingudokotela onoqeqesho olukhethekile ekuhloleni nasekwelapheni izingane ezinenkinga ngezinso nohlelo lomchamo. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane enezinkinga ekukhuleni kwezinso noma ukusiza ekunakekeleni ingane izinso zayo ezingasebenzi kahle. Uma ingane idinga ukuhlinzwa kwezinso, i-nephrologist izosebenza nodokotela ohlinzayo noma we-urologist.

ISAZULU SEZULWANE

Isazi sezinzwa zezingane singudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izingane ezinenkinga yobuchopho, izinzwa nemisipha. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone umntwana okhubazekayo noma opha ebuchosheni. Uma usana ludinga ukuhlinzekelwa inkinga ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni, udokotela wezinzwa angasebenza ne-neurosurgeon.

I-NEUROSURGEON

I-neurosurgeon yezingane ungudokotela oqeqeshwe njengodokotela ohlinzayo ohlinza ubuchopho bezingane nezintambo zomgogodla. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane enezinkinga, njenge-spina bifida, i-skull fracture, noma i-hydrocephalus.

OBHEKISIWE

Udokotela obelethayo ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekunakekeleni abesifazane abakhulelwe. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungasiza nabesifazane abazama ukukhulelwa futhi balandele abesifazane abanezimo zezokwelapha, njengesifo sikashukela noma ukwehla kokukhula kombungu.

UDokotela Wamehlo

Udokotela wezifo zamehlo ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekuhloleni nasekwelapheni izinkinga zamehlo ezinganeni. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane enezinkinga zokuzalwa kweso.

Udokotela wezifo zamehlo uzobheka ingaphakathi leso lengane ukuthola ukuthi i-retinopathy yangaphambi kokuvuthwa ingakanani. Kwezinye izimo, lolu hlobo lodokotela lungenza i-laser noma okunye ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa emehlweni.

UKUPHILA KWEMITHI

Udokotela ohlinzayo wamathambo wezingane ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izingane ezinezimo ezibandakanya amathambo azo. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane enezinkinga zokuzalwa zezingalo noma imilenze, i-hip dislocation (i-dysplasia), noma ukuphuka kwamathambo. Ukuze ubone amathambo, odokotela abahlinzayo bamathambo bangahle ba-ode ama-ultrasound noma ama-x-ray. Uma kudingeka, bangenza ukuhlinzeka noma ukufaka indawo.

UMNESI WE-OSTOMY

Umhlengikazi we-ostomy ngumhlengikazi oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekunakekeleni amanxeba esikhumba nokuvuleka esiswini lapho kuphuma khona ukuphela kwamathumbu noma kohlelo lokuqoqa izinso. Ukuvula okunjalo kubizwa nge-ostomy. Ama-ostomies angumphumela wokuhlinzwa okudingekayo ukwelapha izinkinga eziningi zamathumbu, njenge-necrotizing enterocolitis. Kwezinye izimo, kuthintwa abahlengikazi be-ostomy ukusiza ukunakekelwa kwamanxeba anzima.

I-OTOLARYNGOLOGIST / INDLELA YEKHALA LENDLELA (ENT) ISAZI

Udokotela wezingane otolaryngologist ubizwa nangokuthi indlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo (ENT) uchwepheshe. Lo ngudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni izingane ezinezinkinga ngendlebe, ikhala, umphimbo, kanye nemigwaqo yomoya. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane enezinkinga zokuphefumula noma ukuvala ikhala.

I-OCCUPATIONAL / PHYSICAL / SPEECH THERAPISTS (OT / PT / ST)

Abelaphi basemsebenzini nasemzimbeni (OT / PT) bangabachwepheshe abanokuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile ekusebenzeni nezinsana ezinezidingo zokukhula. Lo msebenzi ufaka ukuhlolwa kwe-neurobehavioral (ithoni yangemuva, izingqondo, izindlela zokuhamba, nezimpendulo ekusingatheni). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe be-OT / PT bazosiza ekunqumeni ukulungela ukuncelisa izingono kwengane namakhono we-oral-motor. Abelaphi bezinkulumo bazosiza nangamakhono okuphakela kwezinye izikhungo. Lezi zinhlobo zabahlinzeki nazo zingacelwa ukuthi zinikeze ngemfundo nokusekelwa komndeni.

ISAZI SENZULWANE

Udokotela wezifo ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekuhlolweni kwelabhoratri nasekuhloleni izicubu zomzimba. Baqondisa ilabhorethri lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlolwa okuningi kwezokwelapha. Babuye bahlole izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma sokuhlolwa kwesidumbu.

UMDALI

Udokotela wezingane ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekunakekelweni kwezinsana nezingane. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane ku-NICU, kepha imvamisa kuba ngumhlinzeki wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kosana olusanda kuzalwa olunempilo. Udokotela wezingane uphinde anikeze ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kwabantwana abaningi ngemuva kokushiya i-NICU.

PHLEBOTOMIST

I-phlebotomist ingcweti eqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ethatha igazi lakho. Lolu hlobo lomhlinzeki lungathatha igazi emthanjeni noma esithendeni somntwana.

PULMONOLOGIST

Isazi se-pulmonologist yezingane singudokotela onoqeqesho olukhethekile ekuhloleni nasekwelapheni izingane ezinezimo zokuphefumula (zokuphefumula). Noma i-neonatologist inakekela izingane eziningi ezinezinkinga zokuphefumula, udokotela wamaphaphu angahle acelwe ukuthi abone noma asize ukunakekela izingane ezinezimo ezingajwayelekile zamaphaphu.

ISAZI SEMISEBENZI

I-radiologist ingudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekufundeni ama-x-ray nokunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging, njenge-barium enemas kanye ne-ultrasound. Ama-radiologists ezingane anokuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ekucabangeni kwezingane.

I-RESERAPIST YOKUPHILA (RT)

Abelaphi abaphefumulayo (RTs) baqeqeshelwe ukuletha ukwelashwa okuningi enhliziyweni nasemaphashini. Ama-RTs abandakanyeka ngenkuthalo ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zokuphefumula, ezifana nesifo sokuphefumula noma i-bronchopulmonary dysplasia. I-RT ingahle ibe yingcweti ye-membrane yangaphandle ye-membrane oxygenation (ECMO) ngokuqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa.

ABASEBENZI BENhlalakahle

Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle bangabachwepheshe abanemfundo ekhethekile noqeqesho lokunquma izidingo ezingokwengqondo, ezomzwelo nezezezimali zemindeni. Basiza imindeni ukuthola nokuxhumanisa izinsiza esibhedlela nasemphakathini ezizosiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo. Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle nabo bayasiza ekuhleleni ukukhishwa.

I-UROLOGIST

Udokotela wezifo zomchamo wezingane ungudokotela oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekutholeni nasekwelapheni izimo ezibandakanya uhlelo lomchamo ezinganeni. Lolu hlobo lodokotela lungacelwa ukuthi lubone ingane enezimo ezifana ne-hydronephrosis noma i-hypospadias. Ngezimo ezithile, bazosebenza eduze nephrologist.

ISIKHALA SE-X-RAY

Uchwepheshe we-x-ray uqeqeshelwe ukuthatha ama-x-ray. I-X-ray ingaba yesifuba, isisu, noma i-pelvis. Kwesinye isikhathi, izixazululo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye zomzimba zibonakale kalula, njengama-enemas e-barium. Ama-X-ray amathambo nawo avame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

Uphiko olusanda kuzalwa lwabahlengikazi - ababonisi nabasebenzi abasizayo; Uphiko lweziguli ezibelethayo lweNeonatal - ababonisi nabasebenzi abasizayo

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I-Kilbaugh TJ, i-Zwass M, i-Ross P. Ukunakekelwa kwezingane kanye ne-neonatal. Ku: Miller RD, ed. I-Anesthesia kaMiller. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 95.

UMartin RJ, uFanaroff AA, uWalsh MC, ama-eds. UFanaroff noMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.