Echocardiogram - izingane

I-echocardiogram isivivinyo esisebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe zenhliziyo. Isetshenziswa nezingane ukusiza ukuxilonga ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa (kuzalwa). Isithombe sinemininingwane eminingi kunesithombe esijwayelekile se-x-ray. I-echocardiogram nayo ayivezi izingane emisebeni.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo yengane yakho angenza isivivinyo emtholampilo, esibhedlela, noma esikhungweni sokugula. I-Echocardiography ezinganeni yenziwa noma ingane ilele phansi noma ilele ethangeni labazali bayo. Le ndlela ingasiza ukubaduduza futhi ibagcine bethule.

Kokunye kwalokhu kuhlolwa, i-sonographer eqeqeshiwe yenza isivivinyo. Udokotela wenhliziyo uhumusha imiphumela.

I-ECHOCARDIOGRAM YOKUDLULA (TTE)

I-TTE wuhlobo lwe-echocardiogram izingane eziningi ezizoba nazo.

• I-sonographer ibeka ijeli ezimbanjeni zengane eduze kwethambo lesifuba endaweni ezungeze inhliziyo. Insimbi ebanjwa ngesandla, ebizwa ngokuthi i-transducer, icindezelwa ku-gel esifubeni sengane futhi iqondiswe enhliziyweni. Lolu cingo ludedela amaza omsindo aziwa kakhulu.
• I-transducer ithatha ukunanela kwamagagasi omsindo abuya enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi.
• Umshini we-echocardiography uguqula lezi zinkanuko zibe izithombe ezihambayo zenhliziyo. Namanje izithombe ziyathathwa.
• Izithombe zingaba ngakubili noma zibe ntathu.
• Inqubo yonke ihlala cishe imizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengu-40.

Ukuhlolwa kuvumela umhlinzeki ukuthi abone ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Kubonisa futhi ama-valve enhliziyo nezinye izakhiwo.

Kwesinye isikhathi, amaphaphu, izimbambo, noma izicubu zomzimba kungavimbela amagagasi omsindo ekuvezeni isithombe esicacile senhliziyo. Kulokhu, i-sonographer ingajova inani elincane loketshezi (idayi yokuqhathanisa) nge-IV ukuze ibone kangcono ingaphakathi lenhliziyo.

I-ECHOCARDIOGRAM YOKUGUQULA (TEE)

I-TEE olunye uhlobo lwe-echocardiogram izingane ezingaba nazo. Isivivinyo senziwa nengane ilele ngaphansi kokulaliswa.

• I-sonographer izonqenqemula umhlane womphimbo wengane yakho bese ifaka ishubhu elincane kwipayipi lokudla lengane (isopha). Ukuphela kweshubhu kuqukethe ithuluzi lokuthumela amaza omsindo.
• Amagagasi omsindo akhombisa ukwakheka enhliziyweni futhi akhonjiswa esikrinini njengemifanekiso yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• Ngoba i-esophagus ingemuva kwenhliziyo, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuthola izithombe ezicacile zenhliziyo.

Ungathatha lezi zinyathelo ukulungiselela ingane yakho ngaphambi kwenqubo:

• Ungavumeli ingane yakho ukuba idle noma iphuze noma yini ngaphambi kokuba ibe ne-TEE.
• Ungasebenzisi noma yiluphi ukhilimu noma uwoyela enganeni yakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Chaza ngokuningiliziwe isivivinyo ezinganeni ezindala ukuze ziqonde ukuthi kufanele zihlale zinganyakazi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
• Izingane ezincane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-4 ubudala zingadinga umuthi (ukuthomalalisa) ukuzisiza zihlale zinganyakazi ukuthola izithombe ezicacile.
• Nikeza izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4 ithoyizi elizolibamba noma uzenze zibuke ama-video ezizisiza ukuthi zihlale zizolile futhi zizolile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

• Ingane yakho izodinga ukususa noma yiziphi izingubo kusuka okhalweni kuya phezulu bese ilala phansi etafuleni lezivivinyo.
• Ama-electrode azobekwa esifubeni sengane yakho ukuqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ijeli lifakwa esifubeni sengane. Kungabanda. Kuzocindezelwa ikhanda le-transducer phezu kwejel. Ingane ingazizwa ingcindezi ngenxa ye-transducer.
• Izingane ezincane zingazizwa zingenakho ukuphumula phakathi nokuhlolwa. Abazali kufanele bazame ukugcina ingane izolile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza, ama-valve enhliziyo, imithambo yegazi emikhulu, namagumbi enhliziyo yengane evela ngaphandle komzimba.

• Ingane yakho ingaba nezimpawu noma izimpawu zezinkinga zenhliziyo.
• Lokhu kungafaka ukuphefumula, ukukhula kahle, ukuvuvukala kwemilenze, ukububula kwenhliziyo, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ozungeze izindebe lapho kukhala, izinhlungu zesifuba, umkhuhlane ongachazeki, noma amagciwane akhula ekuhlolweni kwesiko legazi.

Ingane yakho ingaba nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zenhliziyo ngenxa yokuhlolwa okungavamile kofuzo noma okunye ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okukhona.

Umhlinzeki angancoma i-TEE uma:

• I-TTE ayicaci. Imiphumela engacacile ingabangelwa ukwakheka kwesifuba sengane, isifo samaphaphu, noma amafutha omzimba amaningi.
• Indawo yenhliziyo idinga ukubhekwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Umphumela ojwayelekile usho ukuthi azikho izinkinga kuma-valve enhliziyo noma emakamelweni futhi kunokunyakaza okuvamile kodonga lwenhliziyo.

I-echocardiogram engavamile enganeni ingasho izinto eziningi. Okunye okutholwe ngokungajwayelekile kuncane kakhulu futhi akulona ubungozi obukhulu. Ezinye kuyizimpawu zesifo esibi senhliziyo. Kulokhu, ingane izodinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe nguchwepheshe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngemiphumela ye-echocardiogram nomhlinzeki wengane yakho.

I-echocardiogram ingasiza ukuthola:

• Amaphayiphu enhliziyo angajwayelekile
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwenhliziyo
• Ukuvuvukala (i-pericarditis) noma uketshezi esikhwameni esizungeze inhliziyo (i-pericardial effusion)
• Ukutheleleka kuma-valve enhliziyo noma azungeze
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yegazi uye emaphashini
• Inhliziyo ingampompa kahle kangakanani
• Umthombo we-clot yegazi ngemuva kwesifo sohlangothi noma i-TIA

I-TTE ezinganeni ayinayo ingozi eyaziwayo.

I-TEE inqubo ehlaselayo. Kungaba nezingozi ngalokhu kuhlolwa. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngezingozi ezihambisana nalokhu kuhlolwa.

ITransthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) - izingane; Echocardiogram - transthoracic - izingane; I-Doppler ultrasound yenhliziyo - izingane; I-surface echo - izingane

I-Campbell RM, i-Douglas PS, i-Eidem BW, i-Lai WW, i-Lopez L, i-Sachdeva R. ACC / AAP / AHA / ASE / HRS / SCAI / SCCT / SCMR / SOPE 2014 imibandela yokusetshenziswa efanelekile ye-transthoracic echocardiography ku-cardiology yezingane ezingaphandle: umbiko I-American College of Cardiology Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Inhlangano Yezinhliziyo Resonance Magnetic, kanye Inhlangano Yezingane Echocardiography. UJ Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64 (19): 2039-2060. I-PMID: 25277848 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25277848/.

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I-Webb GD, iSmallhorn JF, uTherrien J, uRedington AN. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esigulini esidala nesingane. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 75.