I-Insulin Ukuphefumula Komuntu

-Delile

• Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation,
• Lo muthi ungadala ushintsho kushukela wakho wegazi. Kufanele wazi izimpawu zikashukela wegazi ophansi futhi ophakeme nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma unalezi zimpawu.
• Ukuhogela i-insulin kungadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:
• Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu noma lezo ezibalwe esigabeni ESIBALULEKILE SEZIXWAYISO, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:
• Ukudlulela ngokweqile kwe-insulin kungenzeka uma uthatha kakhulu i-insulin inhalation noma uma uthatha inani elifanele le-inhalation ye-insulin kodwa udle noma usebenzise okungaphansi kokujwayelekile. Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-insulin inhalation kungadala i-hypoglycemia. Uma unanoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma uba ne-hypoglycemia. Ezinye izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:

Ukuhogela i-insulin kunganciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu futhi kungadala ama-bronchospasms (ubunzima bokuphefumula). Tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nesifo somoya noma isifo esingamahlalakhona sokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu (COPD; iqembu lezifo ezithinta amaphaphu nemigwaqo yomoya). Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungasebenzisi i-insulin inhalation uma une-asthma noma i-COPD. Udokotela wakho uzo-oda izivivinyo ezithile ukuze abheke ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kanjani ngaphambi kokwelashwa, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, futhi njalo ngonyaka ngenkathi usebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-insulin inhalation. Tshela udokotela wakho uma unalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula kanzima.

Gcina wonke ama-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho kanye nelabhorethri.

Udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi uzokunikeza ishidi lemininingwane yesiguli lomkhiqizi (Umhlahlandlela Wezokwelapha) lapho uqala ukwelashwa nge-inhalation ye-insulin futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho ugcwalisa umuthi wakho. Funda imininingwane ngokucophelela bese ubuza udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho uma unemibuzo. Ungavakashela futhi iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi ukuthola iMihlahlandlela Yezokwelapha.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zokusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation.

I-insulin inhalation isetshenziswa ngokuhlangana ne-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 (isimo lapho umzimba ungakhiqizi i-insulin ngakho-ke awukwazi ukulawula inani likashukela egazini). Isetshenziswa futhi ngokuhlangana neminye imithi yokwelapha abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 (isimo lapho umzimba ungasebenzisi i-insulin ngokujwayelekile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, awukwazi ukulawula inani likashukela egazini) abadinga i-insulin ukulawula isifo sikashukela. I-insulin inhalation ayisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela ketoacidosis (isimo esibi esingakhula uma ushukela wegazi ongelashwa). I-insulin inhalation yinguqulo esebenza okwesikhashana, eyenziwe ngumuntu ye-insulin yomuntu. Ukuphefumula kwe-insulini kusebenza ngokufaka esikhundleni se-insulin evame ukukhiqizwa ngumzimba nokusiza ukuhambisa ushukela egazini uye kwezinye izicubu zomzimba lapho usetshenziselwa khona amandla. Iphinde ime isibindi ekukhiqizeni ushukela owengeziwe.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye noshukela ophakeme wegazi bangakhula babe nezinkinga ezinkulu noma ezisongela impilo, kufaka phakathi isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, izinkinga zezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa nezinkinga zamehlo. Ukusebenzisa imithi, ukwenza izinguquko endleleni ophila ngayo (isb., Ukudla, ukuzivocavoca, ukuyeka ukubhema), nokuhlola njalo ushukela wegazi lakho kungasiza ukuphatha isifo sikashukela futhi kuthuthukise impilo yakho. Lokhu kwelashwa kunganciphisa namathuba akho okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nesifo sikashukela njengokuhluleka kwezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa (okundikindiki, imilenze ebandayo noma izinyawo; ukwehla kwekhono lezocansi kwabesilisa nabesifazane), izinkinga zamehlo, kufaka phakathi izinguquko noma ukulahleka kombono, noma isifo sezinsini. Udokotela wakho nabanye abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazokhuluma nawe ngendlela engcono yokuphatha isifo sikashukela.

Ukuhogela i-insulin kuza njengempuphu yokuhogela ngomlomo usebenzisa i-inhaler ekhethekile. Imvamisa isetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwesidlo ngasinye. Landela izinkomba ezikulebuli kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, bese ubuza udokotela noma usokhemisi wakho ukuthi akuchaze nganoma iyiphi ingxenye ongayiqondi. Sebenzisa i-insulin inhalation njengoba nje kuqondisiwe. Ungayisebenzisi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwayo noma uyisebenzise kaningi kunokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho.

Ukuphefumula kwe-insulini kulawula isifo sikashukela, kepha akuselaphi. Qhubeka nokusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation noma ngabe uzizwa uphilile. Ungayeki ukusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungashintsheli kolunye uhlobo lwe-insulin ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin yakho ye-oral inhaler okokuqala, funda imiyalelo ebhaliwe eza nayo. Bheka imidwebo ngokucophelela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyazibona zonke izingxenye ze-inhaler. Cela udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthi akubonise ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani. Zijwayeze ukusebenzisa i-inhaler ngenkathi ukhona.

I-insulin inhalation powder iza njengegobolondo elisetshenziswa kanye. Ama-cartridges kufanele asetshenziswe kuphela nge-inhaler eza nomuthi wakho. Ungazami ukuvula igobolondo, ukugwinya igobolondo, noma ukuhogela okuqukethwe ngaphandle kwe-inhaler eza nodokotela wakho.

Ngemuva kokufaka igobolondo ku-inhaler, gcina izinga le-inhaler nomlomo omhlophe phezulu nesisekelo esibubende ngezansi. Uma i-inhaler ibanjwe ibheke phansi, noma uma okhulumela umlomo ukhonjwe phansi, unyakaziswa noma wehliswa, ungalahlekelwa yimithi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuzodingeka ukuthi ufake i-cartridge entsha nge-cartridge entsha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-inhaler.

Landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi mangaki ama-cartridge we-inhalation we-insulin okufanele uwasebenzise usuku ngalunye. Lapho uqala ukusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation, udokotela wakho angadinga ukulungisa imithamo yeminye imithi yesifo sikashukela, njenge-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside nemithi yomlomo yesifo sikashukela. Udokotela wakho futhi angadinga ukulungisa umthamo wakho we-insulin inhalation ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho. Landela lezi zinkomba ngokucophelela bese ubuza udokotela wakho uma unemibuzo. Ungaguquli umthamo we-insulin inhalation noma omunye umuthi wesifo sikashukela ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Lo muthi ungabekelwa okunye ukusetshenziswa; buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthola eminye imininingwane.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation,

• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi uma unegciwane ku-insulin (i-Apidra, i-Humulin, i-Lantus, i-Levemir, i-Novolog, abanye), noma imuphi omunye umuthi, noma yiziphi izithako ezingasebenzi ekuhogelweni kwe-insulin. Buza usokhemisi wakho noma uhlole Umhlahlandlela Wezokwelapha ukuthola uhlu lwezithako.
• Tshela udokotela wakho kanye nosokhemisi ukuthi imiphi imishanguzo kadokotela neyokungabhalisi, amavithamini, izithako zokudla okunempilo, nemikhiqizo yamakhambi oyithathayo noma ohlela ukuyithatha. Qiniseka ukuthi usho noma yikuphi okulandelayo: i-albuterol (Proair HFA, Proventil, Ventolin, abanye); i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors efana ne-benazepril (Lotensin, eLotrel), i-enalapril (i-Vasotec, nge-Vaseretic), i-fosinopril, i-lisinopril (i-Prinivil, i-Zestril, i-Prinzide, i-Zestoretic), i-quinapril (i-Accupril, i-ramipril (i-Altace); abamelene ne-angiotensin II (ama-angiotensin receptor blockers; ama-ARB) anjenge-azilsartan (Edarbi), amakhandlela (Atacand, e-Atacand HCT), eprosartan (Teveten, eTeveten HCT), irbesartan (Avapro, e-Avalide), losartan (Cozaar, e-Hyzaar) , olmesartan (Benicar, e-Azor, e-Benicar HCT, e-Tribenzor), e-telmisartan (Micardis, e-Micardis HCT, e-Twynsta), nase-valsartan (Diovan, e-Diovan HCT, e-Exforge HCT, abanye); ama-beta blocker anjenge-atenolol (Tenormin, in Tenoretic), labetalol (Trandate), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL, eDutoprol, abanye), nadolol (Corgard, eCorzide), kanye nepropranolol (Hemangeol, Inderal, Innopran XL); clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS, Kapvay, abanye); i-clozapine (iClozaril, iFazaclo ODT, iVersacloz); i-danazol; i-disopyramide (iNorpace, iNorpace CR); isisu; i-fenofibrate (Lipofen, TriCor, Triglide); i-fluoxetine (i-Prozac, i-Sarafem, i-Selfemra, ku-Symbyax); gemfibrozil (Lopid); Ama-HIV protease inhibitors afaka i-atazanavir (Reyataz), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir (eKaletra), i-nelfinavir (i-Viracept), i-ritonavir (i-Norvir, e-Kaletra, e-Viekira Pak), ne-saquinavir (i-Invirase); ukwelashwa kwe-hormone esikhundleni; i-isoniazid (iLaniazid, eRifamate, eRifater); i-lithium (i-Lithobid); imithi yesifuba somoya, imikhuhlane, ukugula ngengqondo, nesicanucanu; i-monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, kufaka phakathi isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), ne selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar); i-niacin; izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ngomlomo (amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo); imithi yomlomo yesifo sikashukela efana ne-pioglitazone (Actos, e-Actoplus Met, eDuetact, e-Oseni) noma i-rosiglitazone (i-Avandia, e-Avandamet, e-Avandaryl); i-steroids yomlomo efana ne-dexamethasone, i-methylprednisolone (i-Medrol), ne-prednisone (i-Rayos); i-octreotide (iSandostatin); i-olanzapine (iZyprexa, iZydis, ngeSymbyax); eminye imithi ehogelwayo; ipentamidine (NebuPent, Pentam); i-pentoxifylline (Pentoxil); i-pramlintide (Symlin); i-propoxyphene; qamba kabusha; ubuhlungu be-salicylate buqeda njenge-aspirin; somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope, Nutropin, abanye); i-sulfa antibiotic; i-terbutaline; nemithi yegilo. Udokotela wakho angadinga ukushintsha imithamo yemithi yakho noma akuqaphele ngokucophelela ngemiphumela emibi.
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma unezimpawu ze-hypoglycemia (ushukela ophansi wegazi). Udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzokutshela ukuthi ungathathi i-insulin inhalation uma unalesi simo.
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma unesifo noma ubhema noma uyekile ukubhema ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma uke waba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma uke waba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ukulimala kwezinzwa okubangelwa yisifo sikashukela, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, noma isifo sezinso noma sesibindi.
• utshele udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, hlela ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi usebenzisa i-insulin inhalation, shayela udokotela wakho.
• uma uhlinzwa, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa kwamazinyo, tshela udokotela noma udokotela wamazinyo ukuthi usebenzisa i-insulin inhalation.
• buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlole kaningi kangakanani ushukela wegazi lakho. Yazi ukuthi ushukela wegazi ophansi ungathinta ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi efana nokushayela bese ubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi udinga ukuhlola ushukela wegazi ngaphambi kokushayela noma ukusebenzisa imishini.
• utshwala bungadala ushintsho kushukela wegazi. Buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kweziphuzo ezidakayo ngenkathi usebenzisa i-insulin inhalation.
• buza udokotela wakho ukuthi wenzeni uma ugula, uzuza noma ulahlekelwa isisindo, uhlangabezana nengcindezi engavamile, uhlela ukuhamba unqamule izindawo ezinesikhathi, noma ushintshe ukuzivocavoca umzimba noma umsebenzi wakho. Lezi zinguquko zingathinta uhlelo lwakho lokulinganisa kanye nenani le-insulin oyodinga.

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela zonke izincomo zokuzivocavoca nezokudla ezenziwa ngudokotela wakho noma udokotela odlayo. Kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokudla cishe inani elifanayo lokudla cishe ngezikhathi ezifanayo usuku ngalunye. Ukweqa noma ukubambezela ukudla noma ukushintsha inani noma uhlobo lokudla okudlayo kungadala izinkinga ngokulawulwa kukashukela egazini lakho.

Lapho uqala ukusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi enzeni uma ukhohlwa ukuhogela umthamo ngesikhathi esifanele. Bhala lezi zinkomba ukuze ukwazi ukubheka kuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lo muthi ungadala ushintsho kushukela wakho wegazi. Kufanele wazi izimpawu zikashukela wegazi ophansi futhi ophakeme nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma unalezi zimpawu.

Ukuhogela i-insulin kungadala imiphumela emibi. Tshela udokotela wakho uma kukhona kulezi zimpawu ezinzima noma ezingapheli:

• ukukhwehlela
• umphimbo obuhlungu noma ukucasuka
• ukukhathala
• isifo sohudo
• isicanucanu
• ikhanda
• ukuchama okubuhlungu nokushisayo
• ukuzuza kwesisindo

Eminye imiphumela emibi ingaba mibi. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu noma lezo ezibalwe esigabeni ESIBALULEKILE SEZIXWAYISO, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uthole ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo:

• ukuqubuka noma ukulunywa
• isifuba
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• ukujuluka
• ubunzima bokugwinya
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukuvuvukala kwezingalo, izandla, izinyawo, amaqakala, noma imilenze engezansi
• ukuzuza kwesisindo ngokungazelelwe
• ukozela ngokweqile
• ukudideka
• isiyezi

Ukuhogela i-insulin kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuthi ube nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi zokusebenzisa i-insulin inhalation.

Ukuhogela i-insulin kungadala eminye imiphumela emibi. Shayela udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga ezingavamile ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi.

Uma uthola imiphumela emibi kakhulu, wena noma udokotela wakho ungathumela umbiko kuhlelo lwe-Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting online (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) noma ngocingo ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina le mithi esiqandisini, esitsheni ifikile, ivalwe ngokuqinile, futhi lapho izingane zingafinyeleleki khona. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, susa ama-cartridges esiqandisini bese uwagcina ekamelweni lokushisa imizuzu eyi-10. Imithi engavuliwe ingagcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-10. Uma usuvuliwe, sebenzisa imichilo yamabhamuza egobolondo kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu lapho ugcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa. Sebenzisa i-inhaler kuze kube yizinsuku eziyi-15 kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokusetshenziswa, bese uyilahla bese uyifaka nge-inhaler entsha. Ungalokothi ugeze i-inhaler; yigcine yomile.

Imithi engadingeki kufanele ilahlwe ngezindlela ezikhethekile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo, izingane nabanye abantu abakwazi ukuzidla. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhiphe le mithi ethoyilethi. Esikhundleni salokho, indlela engcono kakhulu yokulahla imithi yakho ngohlelo lokubuyisa umuthi. Khuluma nosokhemisi wakho noma uthinte umnyango wangakini wokulahla udoti / wokusebenzisa kabusha ukuze ufunde ngezinhlelo zokubuyisa emphakathini wakho. Bheka iwebhusayithi yakwa-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ukuthola eminye imininingwane uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela kuhlelo lokubuyisa.

Kubalulekile ukugcina yonke imishanguzo ingabonakali futhi ifinyeleleke ezinganeni njengoba iziqukathi eziningi (njengezingqondo zamaphilisi zamasonto onke kanye nalawo amaconsi wamehlo, okhilimu, amabala, kanye nama-inhalers) azimeleki ezinganeni futhi izingane ezincane zingazivula kalula. Ukuvikela izingane ezisencane ekufakeni ubuthi, hlala uvala amakepisi okuphepha bese ubeka umuthi endaweni ephephile - eyodwa ephezulu futhi engekho futhi engabonakali kubo futhi efinyelela kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Uma kwenzeka ukweqisa ngokweqile, shayela ucingo losizo lokulawula ubuthi ku-1-800-222-1222. Imininingwane iyatholakala online ku-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Uma isisulu siwile, saba nokuquleka, sinenkinga yokuphefumula, noma singakwazi ukuvuswa, shayela ngokushesha abezimo eziphuthumayo ku-911.

Ukudlulela ngokweqile kwe-insulin kungenzeka uma uthatha kakhulu i-insulin inhalation noma uma uthatha inani elifanele le-inhalation ye-insulin kodwa udle noma usebenzise okungaphansi kokujwayelekile. Ukudlula ngokweqile kwe-insulin inhalation kungadala i-hypoglycemia. Uma unanoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-hypoglycemia, landela imiyalo kadokotela wakho ngalokho okufanele ukwenze uma uba ne-hypoglycemia. Ezinye izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile:

• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• isithuthwane

Ushukela wakho wegazi kanye ne-hemoglobin eglycosylated (HbA1c) kufanele ihlolwe njalo ukuthola impendulo yakho ekuhogelweni kwe-insulin. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela nokuthi ungayihlola kanjani impendulo yakho ku-insulin ngokulinganisa amazinga egazi lakho noma umchamo ekhaya. Landela le miyalo ngokucophelela.

Ungavumeli omunye umuntu asebenzise imithi yakho. Buza usokhemisi wakho noma imiphi imibuzo onayo mayelana nokugcwalisa umuthi wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ugcine uhlu olubhaliwe lwayo yonke imishanguzo oyisebenzisayo kadokotela kanye nokungabhaliswanga (ngaphezulu kokuthenga), kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo efana namavithamini, amaminerali, noma ezinye izithako zokudla. Kufanele uze nalolu hlu njalo uma uvakashela udokotela noma uma ungeniswa esibhedlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi nemininingwane ebalulekile ukuthi uphathe uma kwenzeka kunezimo eziphuthumayo.

• Afrezza^®