Ingabe i-ACA inganqamula omama bokuncelisa ibele?

-Delile

• Kungani ukuncelisa ibele kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwengane
• Izithiyo ezikhona zomama abasebenzayo
• Ukuncelisa ibele kuvikelwe kanjani ku-ACA?
• 1. Ukwesekwa kokuncelisa ibele emsebenzini
• Yimiphi imithetho evikela omama ezingeni likahulumeni?
• Ngabe amalungelo omama abakhulelwe e-U.S. Aqhathaniswa kanjani namanye amazwe?

Omunye wemibuzo yokuqala ephendulwa omama ngemuva kokubeletha ngukuthi bazoncelisa noma cha. Bayanda abesifazane e-U.S. Abathi "yebo."

Empeleni, ngokusho kuka, izinsana ezine kwezinhlanu ezizalwe ngo-2013 ziqale ukuncelisa. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yabo bebesenga ezimithiyo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu bebesenga ezimithiyo ezinyangeni eziyi-12.

“Impela kunokwanda kokuncelisa ibele emashumini eminyaka adlule,” kusho uDkt Lauren Hanley, onguchwepheshe wezokwelapha ezincelisayo eMassachusetts General Hospital futhi ongusihlalo weGynecology Expert Work Group on Breastfeeding for the American Congress of Obstetrician (ACOG).

Uyanezela: “Lapho sifunda kabanzi mayelana nobisi lwebele nokuncelisa kanye nezinzuzo eziningi, abesifazane bavame ukukhuthazeka ukuncelisa.

Kungani ukuncelisa ibele kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwengane

Ngokusho kwe-UNICEF, izingane kufanele zithole ubisi lwebele kuphela zize zibe nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala. Bese kuthi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuze kube okungenani iminyaka emibili ubudala, kufanele bathole ubisi lwebele, kanye nokudla.

Ama-CDC’s ahlose ukukhulisa amaphesenti omama base-U.S. Abancelisa izingane zabo zaze zafinyelela enanini lama-81.9%. Njengamanje, izifundazwe ezingama-29 ziyahlangabezana naleyo nhloso.

Ngenkathi lelo nani likhuthaza, idatha yabo ikhombisa ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngobude besikhathi, omama abaningi abenzi izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuncelisa. Eqinisweni, amaphesenti angama-51.8 kuphela omama base-US abasancelisa ibele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi ngamaphesenti angama-30.7 kuphela onyakeni owodwa.

Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi yize omama abaningi befuna ukuncelisa izingane zabo, kungenzeka “bangatholi ukwesekwa abakudingayo, njengabahlinzeki bezempilo, amalungu omndeni, kanye nabaqashi,” ngokwe-CDC.

Izithiyo ezikhona zomama abasebenzayo

“Siyazi ukuthi omama abaningi bafuna ukuncelisa. Abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-80 bakhetha ukuncelisa bese beqala esibhedlela, ”kusho uMegan Renner, umqondisi omkhulu we-United States Breastfeeding Committee (USBC). “Siyazi ikakhulukazi e-United States lapho singakhokhile khona ikhefu lomndeni nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso esikhulu sokuthi lapho omama bebuyela emsebenzini, sibona amazinga okuncelisa ancipha kakhulu njengoba amasonto edlula.

"Kungaba buhlungu kakhulu lapho omama befuna ukuncelisa kodwa bengatholi ukuxhaswa ngumndeni wabo noma umqashi noma abahlinzeki bezempilo."

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezaziwayo kubo bobabili umama nengane, uDkt.Hanley uthi kusenezithiyo eziningi e-U.S. Ezenza ukuncelisa okuphumelelayo kube yinselelo.

“Phakathi kwazo kukhona amazinga aphezulu okuqashwa kwabantu besifazane nokushoda kwekhefu lokubeletha elikhokhelwayo. Ngakho-ke izingcindezi zokubuyela emsebenzini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kuyinselelo enkulu kwabesifazane yokuhamba ibele, ukuba ngumzali nokusebenza ngaphandle kwekhaya, ”usho kanje.

Lokhu yikho kanye okwenza ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kokuncelisa ibele ku-Affordable Care Act (ACA) kubalulekile, uyanezela.

Ukuncelisa ibele kuvikelwe kanjani ku-ACA?

Ngo-2010, uMongameli Obama wasayina i-ACA yaba ngumthetho. Kunezinhlinzeko ezintathu ze-ACA ezibe nomthelela oqondile ekunikezeni izimali ezintsha kanye nokuxhaswa kwemindeni ebelethisayo.

1. Ukwesekwa kokuncelisa ibele emsebenzini

Isigaba 4207 se-ACA, “Isikhathi Esifanele Sokuphumula Somama Abangabahlengikazi,” sidinga abaqashi abanabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-50 ukuthi banikeze isikhathi esikahle somama sokuba omama baveze ubisi lwebele kuze kube unyaka, futhi banikeze indawo yangasese (leyo akuyona a bathroom) ukwenza kanjalo. Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala ukuthi kube nokuvikelwa kombuso kokuncelisa ibele emsebenzini. Ngenkathi ukuhlinzekwa kusebenza kuphela kubasebenzi abangenalutho (ngehora), abaqashi abaningi nabo badlulise lokhu kusekela kubasebenzi babo abahola.

"Ukuba nalokhu endaweni yobumbano okokuqala njengengxenye ye-ACA, yize isici sokubika sasingaphelele, bekuyisikhathi esiyingqophamlando ukukhombisa ukwesekwa komama abasebenza abafuna ukuncelisa," kusho uRenner. Ikakhulukazi ngoba ibixhaswe ngevoti elilodwa ngazimbili ekomidini lezempilo leSenate.

URenner uthi kubalulekile ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kugcinwe ngaphakathi kwemizamo yokuchitha, ukufaka esikhundleni, noma ukubuyekeza i-ACA, yize ekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa ngeke kuthinteke yilezo zinhlelo. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi indlela ethathwa engqungqutheleni yokuqeda i-ACA ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukubuyisana kwesabelomali. Lokhu kuhlose ukuhlinzekwa kwe-ACA okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwemali kahulumeni kanye nemali engenayo. Ukunikezwa kwe- “Break Time for Nursing Omama” akuhlangabezani nalezi zindlela.

Ngenkathi ukuncelisa endaweni yokuhlinzeka kubonakala kuvikelekile, uRenner uthi kunezinye izinto ezimbili zokuncelisa ibele ze-ACA ezisengozini.

Yimiphi imithetho evikela omama ezingeni likahulumeni?

Izinhlobo eziningi zomthetho wokuncelisa ibele zikhona ezingeni likahulumeni. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngokuncelisa noma ukupompa esidlangalaleni noma emsebenzini, omama abaningi babhekana nezingqinamba zomphakathi.

“Abesifazane bayaqhubeka nokukhishwa inyumbazane futhi bagxekwe ngokondla izingane zabo emphakathini yize kunemithetho ebavikelayo cishe kuzo zonke izifundazwe,” kusho uDkt Hanley.

Ngabe amalungelo omama abakhulelwe e-U.S. Aqhathaniswa kanjani namanye amazwe?

Isimo sengqondo ngokubeletha esidlangalaleni nasemsebenzini asigcini ngokuhluka ngaphesheya kwe-U.S., Kodwa emhlabeni jikelele.Ngokuya ngocwaningo olunzulu lwezimo zomphakathi maqondana nokuncelisa ibele kutholakale ukuthi, eYurophu, imithetho nezimo zengqondo ziyahluka kakhulu ezweni. Ukuncelisa ibele esidlangalaleni kuyakhuthazwa eScandinavia kanye naseJalimane, yize kungekho mithetho ethile evikela lokhu ekugcineni. Abesifazane emazweni aseBalkan naseMedithera, bona, bahlakaniphe kakhulu ngokuncelisa obala esidlangalaleni, yize benemithetho evikela ilungelo labo lokwenza lokho.

I-U.S. Ingelinye lamazwe ayisishiyagalombili kuphela - futhi okuwukuphela kwezwe elinemali engenayo ephezulu - enganikeli ngekhefu lokukhokhela eliqinisekisiwe eliqinisekisiwe.

Abalindele abazali kumele bathembele kubaqashi babo ukuthi babanikeze ikhefu, kepha amaphesenti ayi-12 kuphela wabasebenzi bezinkampani ezizimele abakutholayo.

Ngenxa yalokhu, cishe isigamu sabomama abasha bazithola sebebuyela emsebenzini kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu, imvamisa besebenza amahora afanayo njengaphambilini. Kungakho kungafanele kusimangaze ukuthi abaningi bakhetha ukuyeka ukuncelisa ngaphambi kwezimpawu zezinyanga eziyisithupha, noma baze bakugweme ngokuphelele.