I-Achromatopsia (ukungaboni kahle kombala): kuyini, ungayikhomba kanjani nokuthi wenzeni

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Yini engabangela i-achromatopsia
• Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani
• Yelashwa kanjani

Ubumpumputhe bombala, obaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge-achromatopsia, kungukuguqulwa kwe-retina okungenzeka kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane futhi okudala izimpawu njengokuncipha kokubona, ukuzwela ngokweqile ekukhanyeni nobunzima bokubona imibala.

Ngokungafani nobumpumputhe bombala, lapho umuntu engakwazi ukuhlukanisa eminye imibala, i-achromatopsia ingavimbela ngokuphelele ekubukeni eminye imibala ngaphandle kokumnyama, okumhlophe neminye imibala empunga, ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle okukhona kumaseli acubungula ukukhanya nombono wombala, okuthiwa izigaxa.

Ngokuvamile, ubumpumputhe bombala buvela selokhu kwazalwa, ngoba imbangela yayo enkulu ingukushintsha kwezakhi zofuzo, noma kunjalo, kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-achromatopsia nayo ingatholwa ngesikhathi sokukhula ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho, njengesimila.

Yize i-achromatopsia ingenawo umuthi wokwelapha, udokotela wezifo zamehlo angancoma ukwelashwa ngokusebenzisa izibuko ezikhethekile ezisiza ukuthuthukisa umbono nokunciphisa izimpawu.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu zingaqala ukuvela emasontweni okuqala okuphila, ziba sobala ngokwengeziwe ngokukhula kwengane. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Kunzima ukuvula amehlo akho emini noma ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuningi;
• Ukuqhaqhazela kwamehlo nokushayisana;
• Kunzima ukubona;
• Kunzima ukufunda noma ukuhlukanisa imibala;
• Umbono omnyama nomhlophe.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo nakho kungenzeka kusuka kolunye uhlangothi.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuxilongwa kungaba nzima njengoba umuntu engase angasazi isimo sakhe futhi angahle afune usizo lwezokwelapha. Ezinganeni kungaba lula ukubona i-achromatopsia lapho zinenkinga yokufunda imibala esikoleni.

Yini engabangela i-achromatopsia

Imbangela enkulu yokungaboni kombala ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuvimbela ukukhula kwamaseli, esweni, avumela ukubuka imibala, eyaziwa njengezigaxa. Lapho izigaxa zithinteka ngokuphelele, i-achromatopsia iphelele futhi, kulezi zimo, ibonakala kuphela kokumnyama nokumhlophe, kepha, lapho ushintsho kwizigaxa lungaphansi kakhulu, umbono ungathinteka kepha uvumele ukuhlukanisa eminye imibala, ukubizwa nge-achromatopsia engaphelele.

Ngoba sibangelwa ukuguqulwa kofuzo, lesi sifo singadlula sisuke kubazali siye ezinganeni, kepha kuphela uma kunamacala e-achromatopsia emndenini kababa noma womama, noma ngabe abanaso lesi sifo.

Ngaphezu kokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kukhona nezimo zokungaboni imibala ezavela ngesikhathi sokukhula ngenxa yokulimala kwengqondo, njengezicubu noma ukuthatha umuthi obizwa ngehydroxychloroquine, ovame ukusetshenziswa ezifweni zamathambo.

Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kanjani

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngudokotela wezifo zamehlo noma udokotela wezingane, ngokubheka nje izimpawu nokuhlolwa kombala. Kodwa-ke, kungadingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kombono, okubizwa nge-electroretinography, okukuvumela ukuthi uhlole umsebenzi kagesi we-retina, ukwazi ukudalula ukuthi ngabe izigaxa zisebenza kahle yini.

Yelashwa kanjani

Njengamanje, lesi sifo asinakho ukwelashwa, ngakho-ke umgomo usekelwe ekunciphiseni izimpawu, okungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezingilazi ezikhethekile ezinamalensi amnyama asiza ukuthuthukisa umbono ngenkathi kuncipha ukukhanya, kuthuthukisa ukuzwela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuthi ugqoke isigqoko emgwaqweni ukunciphisa ukukhanya phezu kwamehlo futhi uvikele imisebenzi edinga ukubonwa okuhle, ngoba bangakhathala ngokushesha futhi babangele imizwa yokukhungatheka.

Ukuvumela ingane ukuthi ikhule ngokwengqondo ejwayelekile, kuyalulekwa ukwazisa othisha ngale nkinga, ukuze bahlale njalo ngaphambili futhi banikele ngezinto ezinamanani amakhulu nezinombolo, ngokwesibonelo.