I-Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (BONKE)

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ZONKE?
• Ziyini izimbangela ZONKE?
• Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi kubo BONKE?
• Ukuvezwa kwemisebe
• Ukudalulwa kwamakhemikhali
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane
• Ama-syndromes azuzwe njengefa
• Ubuhlanga nobulili
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
• KONKE kutholakala kanjani?
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo
• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa
• Okunye ukuhlolwa
• Baphathwa kanjani BONKE?
• Lithini inani lokusinda KONKE?
• Uyini umbono wabantu BONKE?
• BONKE bavinjelwa kanjani?

Iyini i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (BONKE)?

I-acute lymphocytic leukemia (YONKE) umdlavuza wegazi nomnkantsha wamathambo.KUKHO KONKE, kukhona ukwanda kohlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi (WBC) aziwa njenge-lymphocyte. Ngoba uhlobo lomdlavuza olunzima, noma olunolaka, luhamba ngokushesha.

WONKE umdlavuza wezingane ovame kakhulu. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 zisengozini enkulu kakhulu. Kungenzeka futhi kubantu abadala.

Kunezinhlokwana ezimbili eziyinhloko ZONKE, i-B-cell YONKE ne-T-cell YONKE. Izinhlobo eziningi ZONKE zingelashwa ngethuba elihle lokuxolelwa ezinganeni. Abantu abadala abanabo BONKE abanalo inani eliphezulu lokuxolelwa, kepha liyathuthuka kancane.

INational Cancer Institute (NCI) ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abangu-5,960 e-United States bazothola ukuxilongwa KONKE ngo-2018.

Ziyini izimpawu ZONKE?

UKUBA NONKE kwandisa amathuba akho wokopha nokuthuthukisa izifo. Izimpawu nezimpawu ZONKE zingabandakanya:

• ukuphaphatheka (i-pallor)
• ukuphuma ezinsinini
• umkhuhlane
• imihuzuko noma i-purpura (ukopha ngaphakathi kwesikhumba)
• i-petechiae (amabala abomvu noma ansomi emzimbeni)
• i-lymphadenopathy (ebonakala ngama-lymph node akhulisiwe entanyeni, ngaphansi kwezingalo, noma esifundeni se-groin)
• isibindi esikhulisiwe
• ubende obukhulisiwe
• ubuhlungu bamathambo
• ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• ubuthakathaka
• ukukhathala
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhuliswa kwamasende
• i-cranial nerve palsies

Ziyini izimbangela ZONKE?

Izimbangela ZONKE azikaziwa.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi kubo BONKE?

Yize odokotela bengakazazi izimbangela ezithile ZONKE, bakhombe izinto ezimbalwa eziyingozi zalesi simo.

Ukuvezwa kwemisebe

Abantu abaye bavezwa amazinga aphezulu emisebe, njengalabo abasindile engozini ye-reactor yenuzi, bakhombise ingozi eyengeziwe kubo BONKE.

Ngokusho kuka-1994, abasinda baseJapan bebhomu le-athomu eMpini Yezwe II baba nengozi eyengeziwe yokuba ne-leukemia enamandla eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokuchayeka. Ucwaningo olulandelayo luka-2013 luqinise ukuxhumana phakathi kokuchayeka kwamabhomu e-athomu kanye nengozi yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi.

Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngawo-1950 lukhombisa ukuthi imibungu evezwe emisebeni, njengama-X-ray, ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhula ibeka ubungozi obuningi kubo BONKE. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zakamuva zehlulekile ukuphindaphinda le miphumela.

futhi qaphela ubungozi bokungatholi i-X-ray edingekayo, noma ngabe ukhulelwe, ingadlula noma iziphi izingozi zemisebe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka onakho.

Ukudalulwa kwamakhemikhali

Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali athile, njenge-benzene noma i-chemotherapy drug, kuhambelana kakhulu nokwakhiwa KONKE.

Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zingadala umdlavuza wesibili. Uma umuntu enomdlavuza wesibili, kusho ukuthi utholwe enomdlavuza futhi, ngemuva kwalokho, waba nomdlavuza ohlukile futhi ongahlobene.

Eminye imishanguzo ye-chemo ingakubeka engcupheni yokuthuthukisa KONKE njengomdlavuza wesibili. Kodwa-ke, i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) kungenzeka ikhule njengomdlavuza wesibili kunabo BONKE.

Uma uba nomdlavuza wesibili, wena nodokotela wakho nizosebenzela uhlelo olusha lokwelashwa.

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane

Ucwaningo lwango-2010 lubika ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane okuhlukahlukene kuxhunyaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe yabo BONKE.

Amaseli we-T awuhlobo oluthile lwe-WBC. Ukungenelela kwegciwane le-T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) kungadala uhlobo olungavamile lwe-T-cell ALL.

Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (i-EBV), elijwayele ukubhekana ne-mononucleosis elithathelwanayo, lixhunywe ku-ALL naseBurkitt's lymphoma.

Ama-syndromes azuzwe njengefa

KONKE akubonakali kuyisifo esizuzwe njengefa. Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-syndromes azuzwe njengefa akhona nezinguquko zofuzo eziphakamisa ubungozi BONKE. Kubandakanya:

• I-Down syndrome
• I-Klinefelter syndrome
• I-Fanconi anemia
• I-Bloom syndrome
• ataxia-telangiectasia
• i-neurofibromatosis

Abantu abanezelamani ezinabo BONKE nabo basengozini ekhuphuke kancane yalesi sifo.

Ubuhlanga nobulili

Abanye abantu banengozi ephezulu KONKE, yize lokhu kwehluka ebungozini kungakaqondakali kahle. AmaSpanishi namaCaucasus akhombise ingozi enkulu kubo BONKE kunabase-Afrika baseMelika. Abesilisa banengozi enkulu kunabesifazane.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi

Ochwepheshe baphinde bafunda okulandelayo njengokuxhumana okungaba khona ekwakheni BONKE:

• ukubhema ugwayi
• ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kuphethiloli kadizili
• uphethiloli
• izibulala-zinambuzane
• Izinkambu zikagesi

KONKE kutholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho kufanele aqedele ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba futhi ahlole igazi nomnkantsha ukuze kutholakale KONKE. Cishe bazobuza ngobuhlungu bamathambo, ngoba kungenye yezimpawu zokuqala ZONKE.

Nazi ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga ongazidinga:

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Udokotela wakho angalawula ukubalwa kwegazi. Abantu abanabo BONKE bangaba nesibalo segazi esibonisa i-hemoglobin ephansi kanye ne-platelet count ephansi. Isibalo sabo se-WBC singangezwa noma singangezwa.

I-smear yegazi ingakhombisa amaseli angavuthiwe ajikeleza egazini, okuvame ukutholakala kumnkantsha wethambo.

Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo

Ukufiswa komnkantsha we-Bone kuhilela ukuthatha isampula lomnkantsha ethangeni lakho noma esifubeni. Inikeza indlela yokuhlola ukukhula okwandayo kwezicubu zomnkantsha nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi.

Ibuye ivumele udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlolele i-dysplasia. I-Dysplasia ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwamaseli angavuthiwe lapho kukhona i-leukocytosis (isibalo se-WBC esikhuphukile).

Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa

I-X-ray yesifuba ingavumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi i-mediastinum, noma ukwahlukanisa okuphakathi kwesifuba sakho, kukhulisiwe.

Iskena se-CT sisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele ebuchosheni bakho, emgogodleni, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Okunye ukuhlolwa

Umpompi womgogodla usetshenziselwa ukubheka ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asakazekele yini kulwelo lwakho lomgogodla. I-electrocardiogram (EKG) ne-echocardiogram yenhliziyo yakho ingenziwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-ventricular yangakwesokunxele.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-serum urea nokusebenza kwe-renal nesibindi kungenziwa futhi.

Baphathwa kanjani BONKE?

Ukwelashwa KONKE kuhlose ukubuyisa ukubalwa kwesibalo segazi sakho siye kokujwayelekile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka futhi umnkantsha wakho ubukeka ujwayelekile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, umdlavuza wakho usethethelelweni.

I-Chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukwelapha lolu hlobo lwe-leukemia. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kokuqala, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela amasonto ambalwa. Kamuva, ungakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa njengesiguli esingalaliswayo.

Uma kwenzeka unesibalo esiphansi se-WBC, kuzodingeka ukuthi uchithe isikhathi egumbini lokuzihlukanisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uvikelekile ezifweni ezithathelwanayo nakwezinye izinkinga.

Kunganconywa ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo noma isiqu uma i-leukemia yakho ingaphenduli ekhemotherapy. Umnkantsha otshaliwe ungathathwa enganeni yakini engumdlalo ophelele.

Lithini inani lokusinda KONKE?

Kwabacishe babe ngama-6,000 baseMelika abathola ukuxilongwa KWABO BONKE ngo-2018, i-American Cancer Society ilinganisela ukuthi abangu-3 290 kuzoba ngabesilisa kuthi abangu-2 670 kube ngabesifazane.

I-NCI ilinganisela ukuthi KONKE kuzoholela ekufeni kwabantu abayi-1,470 ngonyaka ka-2018. Balinganiselwa ku-830 ukufa okulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke kwabesilisa, kanti kwabangu-640 kulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke kwabesifazane.

Yize izimo eziningi ZONKE zivela ezinganeni nasebusheni, cishe amaphesenti angama-85 okufa azokwenzeka kubantu abadala, kulinganisela i-NCI. Izingane zivame ukuba ngcono kunabantu abadala ekubekezeleleni ukuphathwa ngonya.

Nge-NCI, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwabaseMelika bayo yonke iminyaka lingamaphesenti angama-68.1. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lezingane zaseMelika seliseduze.

Uyini umbono wabantu BONKE?

Izici ezahlukahlukene zinquma umbono womuntu. Kubandakanya iminyaka yobudala, YONKE i-subtype, ukubalwa kwe-WBC, nokuthi ngabe konke kusabalale yini ezithweni eziseduze noma ku-cerebrospinal fluid.

Amanani okusinda kwabantu abadala awaphakeme njengamazinga okusinda ezingane, kodwa ayathuthuka kancane kancane.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, phakathi kwabantu abadala abangamaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwangu-90 abanabo BONKE baya ekuxolelweni. Kodwa-ke, cishe ingxenye yabo iyabona ukubuya kwabo kwe-leukemia. Baqaphela ukuthi inani lokuphulukiswa kwabantu abadala abane-ALL ngamaphesenti angama-40. Umuntu omdala uthathwa ngokuthi "uyelapheka" uma ngabe sebethethelelwe iminyaka emihlanu.

Izingane ezinabo BONKE zinethuba elihle kakhulu lokwelashwa.

BONKE bavinjelwa kanjani?

Asikho isizathu esiqinisekisiwe SONKE. Noma kunjalo, ungagwema izimbangela ezithile zengozi, njenge:

• ukuchayeka emisebeni
• ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali
• ukuvezwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
• ukubhema ugwayi

ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kukaphethiloli kadizili, uphethiloli, izibulala-zinambuzane, nezinsimu zikagesi