I-Basal Ganglia Stroke

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu ze-basal ganglia stroke?
• Yini ebangela i-basal ganglia stroke?
• Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ekushayweni unhlangothi kwe-basal ganglia?
• Sitholakala kanjani isifo se-basal ganglia?
• Uphathwa kanjani unhlangothi we-basal ganglia?
• Yini ehilelekile ekululameni kwesifo sohlangothi lwe-basal ganglia?
• Uyini umbono wabantu abathole isifo sohlangothi lwe-basal ganglia?
• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-FAST?

Kuyini isifo se-basal ganglia?

Ingqondo yakho inezingxenye eziningi ezisebenza ndawonye ukulawula imicabango, izenzo, izimpendulo, nakho konke okwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho.

Ama-basal ganglia ama-neurons ajulile ebuchosheni ayisihluthulelo sokuhamba, ukuqonda, nokwahlulela. Ama-Neuron amangqamuzana obuchopho asebenza njengezithunywa ngokuthumela amasiginali kulo lonke uhlelo lwezinzwa.

Noma yikuphi ukulimala ku-basal ganglia kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, engahle ibe nesikhathi eside ekuhambeni kwakho, ekuboneni, noma ekwahluleleni. Isifo sohlangothi esiphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi siye kwi-basal ganglia yakho singadala izinkinga ngokulawulwa kwemisipha noma ngomuzwa wakho wokuthinta. Ungahle uhlangane nezinguquko zobuntu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-basal ganglia stroke?

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ku-basal ganglia zizofana nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi kwenye indawo ebuchosheni. Isifo sohlangothi ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi okuya engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi umthambo uvinjiwe noma ngenxa yokuthi kuqhuma umthambo wegazi, okwenza igazi lichithekele ezicutshini zobuchopho eziseduze.

Izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi zingabandakanya:

• ukuphathwa ikhanda ngokuzumayo futhi okukhulu
• ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso noma komzimba
• ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa noma ukulinganisela
• kunzima ukukhuluma noma ukuqonda amagama akhulunywe kuwe
• kunzima ukubona ngaphandle kwamehlo noma womabili

Ngenxa yesimo esiyingqayizivele se-basal ganglia, izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi lwe-basal ganglia nazo zingafaka:

• imisipha eqinile noma ebuthakathaka ekhawulela ukunyakaza
• ukulahleka kokulinganisa ekumoyizeleni kwakho
• ubunzima bokugwinya
• ukuthuthumela

Kuye ngokuthi yiluphi uhlangothi lwe-basal ganglia oluthintekile, kungavela ezinye izimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, uma isifo senzeka ngakwesokudla se-basal ganglia yakho, ungaba nobunzima ukuphendukela kwesobunxele. Ungahle ungazi nezinto ezenzeka ngokushesha ngakwesobunxele sakho. I-stroke ngakwesokunene se-basal ganglia yakho ingaholela ekunganakwa nasekudidekeni okukhulu.

Yini ebangela i-basal ganglia stroke?

Imivimbo eminingi eyenzeka ku-basal ganglia yimivimbo ekopha. Isifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu senzeka lapho umthambo oyingxenye yobuchopho uqhuma. Lokhu kungenzeka uma udonga lomthambo luba buthakathaka lukhale futhi luvumele igazi ukuthi liphume.

Imithambo yegazi ese-basal ganglia mincane ikakhulukazi futhi isengozini yokudabuka noma ukuqhekeka. Kungakho imivimbo ye-basal ganglia ivame ukuba nemivimbo yokopha futhi. Cishe amaphesenti ayishumi nantathu emivimbo yonke yimivimbo ekopha.

Ukushaywa yischemic nakho kungathinta i-basal ganglia. Lolu hlobo lokushaywa unhlangothi lwenzeka lapho amahlule egazi noma imithambo encishisiwe ivimbela ukuhamba kwegazi okwanele ngemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kubulala indlala yezicubu zomoya-mpilo nezakhi ezithwalwa egazini. Ukushaywa yischemic kungathinta i-basal ganglia uma umthambo wobuchopho ophakathi, umthambo omkhulu wegazi maphakathi nobuchopho, unehlule.

Yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ekushayweni unhlangothi kwe-basal ganglia?

Izici zobungozi bokushaywa yisifo esopha ngaphakathi kwe-basal ganglia zifaka:

• ukubhema
• isifo sikashukela
• umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Lezi zinto ezifanayo eziyingozi zingakhuphula nobungozi bokushaywa yisicchemic. Funda kabanzi ngezici zobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi.

Sitholakala kanjani isifo se-basal ganglia?

Lapho usesibhedlela, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Eminye imibuzo abangayibuza ifaka phakathi:

• Ingabe uyabhema?
• Ingabe unesifo soshukela?
• Ingabe welashelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme?

Udokotela wakho uzophinde afune izithombe zobuchopho bakho ukuze abone ukuthi kwenzekani. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT ne-MRI kungabanikeza izithombe eziningiliziwe zobuchopho bakho nemithambo yegazi.

Lapho nje abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo sebazi ukuthi unhloboni yesifo sohlangothi, bangakunika uhlobo olufanele lwezokwelapha.

Uphathwa kanjani unhlangothi we-basal ganglia?

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni unhlangothi yisikhathi. Ngokushesha lapho ufika esibhedlela, mhlawumbe isikhungo sohlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho anciphise umonakalo ovela kohlangothi. Shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo zangakini noma ufonele osondelene nawe ngokushesha lapho kuqala izimpawu.

Uma unesifo sohlangothi futhi ufika esibhedlela kungakapheli amahora angu-4,5 ukuqala kwezimpawu, ungathola isidakamizwa esijiyisayo okuthiwa i-tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Lokhu kungasiza ukuncibilikisa amahlule amaningi. Ukususwa kwamagundane ngomshini manje kungenziwa kungakapheli amahora angama-24 ukuqala kwezimpawu. Le mihlahlandlela ebuyekeziwe yokwelashwa kwesifo yasungulwa yi-American Heart Association (AHA) ne-American Stroke Association (ASA) ngo-2018.

Uma unesifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu, awukwazi ukuthatha i-tPA ngoba ivimbela ukunqandeka futhi kukhulise ukugeleza kwegazi. Isidakamizwa singadala isiqephu esiyingozi sokopha kanye nokulimala okungaphezulu kobuchopho.

Ngesifo sohlangothi esopha kakhulu, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa uma ukuqhuma kubalulekile.

Yini ehilelekile ekululameni kwesifo sohlangothi lwe-basal ganglia?

Uma uke waba nesifo sohlangothi, kufanele ubambe iqhaza ekuvuseleleni isifo sohlangothi. Uma ibhalansi yakho ithintekile yisifo sohlangothi, ongoti bokuvuselela bangakusiza ufunde ukuhamba futhi. Abelaphi bezinkulumo bangakusiza uma ikhono lakho lokukhuluma lithintekile. Ngokuvuselela, uzofunda nokuzivocavoca umzimba nokuzivocavoca ongakwenza ekhaya ukuze uqhubeke nokululama.

Endabeni yesifo sohlangothi lwe-basal ganglia, ukululama kungaba nzima kakhulu. Ukushaywa unhlangothi kungenza kube nzima ukubona ukuzwa ohlangothini lwakho lwesobunxele ngisho nangemva kokuba isifo sesiphelile. Ungaba nobunzima ngokwazi ukuthi isandla sakho sokhohlo noma unyawo luphi esikhaleni. Ukwenza ukunyakaza okulula kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kobunzima bokubukwa nezinye izinkinga zomzimba, ungahle ube nezinselelo ezingokomzwelo. Ungaba nomzwelo omkhulu kunakuqala ngaphambi kokushaywa unhlangothi kwe-basal ganglia. Ungase futhi ucindezeleke noma ukhathazeke. Uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo angakusiza ukwelapha lezi zimo ngokuhlanganiswa kokwelapha nemithi.

Uyini umbono wabantu abathole isifo sohlangothi lwe-basal ganglia?

Umbono wakho wesikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside ngemuva kokushaywa yi-basal ganglia kuncike ekutheni welashwe ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi kulahleke amangaki ama-neurons. Ubuchopho kwesinye isikhathi buyalulama ekulimaleni, kepha kuzothatha isikhathi. Yiba nesineke futhi usebenze eduze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokululama.

I-basal ganglia stroke ingaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo engaphazamisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Ukuba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sohlangothi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesinye isifo sohlangothi. Ukuba nesifo sohlangothi lwe-basal ganglia noma omunye umonakalo kuleyo ngxenye yobuchopho nakho kungandisa ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yisifo sikaParkinson.

Uma unamathela ohlelweni lwakho lokuvuselela futhi usebenzisa izinsizakalo emphakathini wakho, ungakwazi ukuthuthukisa amathuba akho okululama.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-FAST?

Ukusebenza ngokushesha kuyisihluthulelo sokuphendula unhlangothi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubona ezinye zezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ezisobala.

I-American Stroke Association iphakamisa ukukhumbula igama elithi "FAST," elimele:

• Fi-ace drooping: Ngabe uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso bakho lundikindiki futhi alusabeli emizamweni yakho yokumamatheka?
• AUbuthakathaka be-rm: Ungakwazi ukuphakamisa izingalo zombili phezulu emoyeni, noma ingalo eyodwa yehlela phansi?
• Subunzima be-peech: Ungakhuluma ngokucacile futhi uqonde amagama omunye umuntu akusho kuwe?
• Time ukubiza abezimo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni yakho: Uma wena noma umuntu oseduze kwakho enalezi zimpawu noma ezinye zokushaywa unhlangothi, shayela ku-911 noma abezimo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni ngokushesha.

Ungazami ukushayela ngemoto esibhedlela uma usola ukuthi unesifo sohlangothi. Shayela i-ambulensi. Vumela abezimo eziphuthumayo bahlole izimpawu zakho futhi banikeze ukunakekelwa kokuqala.