Kuchazwa Ukufundwa Kokucindezelwa Kwegazi

-Delile

• Yini ukufundwa okujwayelekile?
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Isigaba 1
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Isigaba 2
• Indawo eyingozi
• Izindlela zokuvimbela
• Ukunciphisa ukudla kwe-sodium
• Ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-caffeine
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka
• Ukunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala nokuyeka ukubhema
• Umfutho wegazi uphansi kakhulu
• Ukudla okudlela endlini

Zisho ukuthini izinombolo?

Wonke umuntu angathanda ukuba nomfutho wegazi ophilile. Kodwa kusho ukuthini ngempela lokho?

Lapho udokotela wakho ethatha umfutho wegazi, kuvezwa njengesilinganiso esinezinombolo ezimbili, ngenombolo eyodwa ngaphezulu (i-systolic) neyodwa ezansi (i-diastolic), njengengxenyana. Isibonelo, 120/80 mm Hg.

Inombolo ephezulu isho inani lengcindezi emithanjeni yakho ngesikhathi sokuncipha kwenhliziyo yakho yemisipha. Lokhu kubizwa nge-systolic pressure.

Inombolo engezansi isho umfutho wegazi lakho lapho imisipha yenhliziyo yakho iphakathi kwamabhithi. Lokhu kubizwa nge-diastolic pressure.

Zombili lezi zinombolo zibalulekile ekunqumeni isimo sempilo yenhliziyo yakho.

Izinombolo ezingaphezulu kobubanzi obufanele zibonisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanzima ukupompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Yini ukufundwa okujwayelekile?

Ukuze ufunde ngokujwayelekile, umfutho wegazi lakho udinga ukukhombisa inombolo ephezulu (i-systolic pressure) ephakathi kuka-90 kuya ngaphansi kuka-120 nenombolo engezansi (i-diastolic pressure) ephakathi kuka-60 kuya ngaphansi kuka-80. I-American Heart Association (AHA) ibheka igazi ingcindezi yokuba sezingeni elijwayelekile lapho zombili izinombolo zakho ze-systolic ne-diastolic zikulezi zigaba.

Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi kuboniswa ngamamilimitha wamamitha we-mercury. Le yunithi isifinyeziwe njenge-mm Hg. Ukufundwa okujwayelekile kungaba noma yimuphi umfutho wegazi ongaphansi kuka-120/80 mm Hg nangaphezulu kuka-90/60 mm Hg kumuntu omdala.

Uma usebangeni elijwayelekile, akukho ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele ugcine indlela yokuphila enempilo nesisindo esinempilo ukusiza ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme ukuthi ungakhuli. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo nokudla ngendlela enempilo nakho kungasiza. Ungahle udinge ukuthi unake kakhulu indlela ophila ngayo uma umfutho wegazi ophakeme usebenza emndenini wakho.

Umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Izinombolo eziphakeme ngaphezu kuka-120/80 mm Hg yifulegi elibomvu olidingayo ukuthatha imikhuba enempilo yenhliziyo.

Lapho ingcindezi yakho ye-systolic iphakathi kuka-120 no-129 mm Hg futhi ingcindezi yakho ye-diastolic ingaphansi kuka-80 mm Hg, kusho ukuthi unyuse umfutho wegazi.

Yize lezi zinombolo zingabhekwa ngokomfutho wegazi ophezulu, usukile ebangeni elijwayelekile. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme unethuba elihle lokuthi uphenduke umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongokoqobo, okubeka engcupheni yokwanda kwesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi.

Ayikho imithi edingekayo ekuphakameni kwengcindezi yegazi. Kepha kungaleso sikhathi lapho kufanele usebenzise izindlela zokuphila ezinempilo. Ukudla okunomsoco nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho kubanga eliphilile futhi kusize ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme ukuba ungakhuli ube nomfutho wegazi ophelele.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Isigaba 1

Ngokuvamile uzotholakala ukuthi unengcindezi ephezulu yegazi uma umfutho wegazi wakho we-systolic ufinyelela phakathi kuka-130 no-139 mm Hg, noma uma umfutho wegazi wakho we-diastolic ufinyelela phakathi kuka-80 no-89 mm Hg. Lokhu kubhekwa njengesigaba 1 somfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Kodwa-ke, i-AHA iphawula ukuthi uma uthola eyodwa kuphela yokufunda lokhu okuphezulu, ungahle ungabi nayo ngempela umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Okunquma ukuxilongwa komfutho wegazi ophakeme kunoma yisiphi isigaba isilinganiso sezinombolo zakho esikhathini esithile.

Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ulinganise futhi ulandele umfutho wegazi lakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphezulu kakhulu. Ungadinga ukuqala ukuthatha imishanguzo uma umfutho wegazi lakho ungathuthuki ngemuva kwenyanga eyodwa yokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ikakhulukazi uma usuvele usengozini enkulu yesifo senhliziyo. Uma usengozini ephansi, udokotela wakho angafuna ukulandela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ngemuva kokuba usuthathe imikhuba eminingi enempilo.

Uma uneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu futhi uphilile ngenye indlela, udokotela wakho cishe angancoma ukwelashwa nokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila uma i-systolic blood pressure yakho ingaphezu kuka-130 mm Hg. Ukwelashwa kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu abanezinkinga ezinkulu zezempilo kufanele kwenziwe ngokwezihloko ngamacala.

Ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu kubantu abadala kubukeka kunciphisa izinkinga zememori kanye nokuwohloka komqondo.

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Isigaba 2

Isigaba 2 umfutho wegazi ophakeme ukhombisa isimo esibi kakhulu. Uma ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi lakho kukhombisa inombolo ephezulu engu-140 noma ngaphezulu, noma inombolo engezansi engama-90 noma ngaphezulu, kubhekwa njengesigaba 2 umfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Kulesi sigaba, udokotela wakho uzoncoma umuthi owodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze ulawule umfutho wegazi. Kodwa akufanele uthembele kuphela emithini yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Imikhuba yokuphila ibaluleke kakhulu esigabeni 2 njengoba kunjalo nakwezinye izigaba.

Eminye imithi engasiza impilo enempilo ifaka phakathi:

• Ama-ACE inhibitors okuvimba izinto eziqinisa imithambo yegazi
• ama-alpha-blocker asetshenziselwa ukuphumuza imithambo
• beta-blockers ukwehlisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokuvimba izinto eziqinisa imithambo yegazi
• ama-calcium channel blocker okuphumuza imithambo yegazi nokunciphisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo
• isisu ukunciphisa inani loketshezi emzimbeni wakho, kufaka phakathi imithambo yakho yegazi

Indawo eyingozi

Ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi ngaphezu kwe-180/120 mm Hg kukhombisa inkinga enkulu yezempilo. I-AHA ibhekisela kulezi zilinganiso eziphakeme ngokuthi "inkinga yomfutho wegazi ophezulu." Umfutho wegazi kuleli banga udinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo noma ngabe zingekho izimpawu ezihambisana nawo.

Kufanele ufune ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo uma unengcindezi yegazi kuleli banga, elingahambisana nezimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• izinguquko ezibukwayo
• izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi, njengokukhubazeka noma ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha ebusweni noma ekugcineni
• igazi emchameni wakho
• isiyezi
• ikhanda

Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ukufundwa okuphezulu kungenzeka okwesikhashana bese izinombolo zakho zibuyela kokujwayelekile. Uma umfutho wegazi lakho ulinganisa kuleli zinga, udokotela wakho kungenzeka athathe ukufundwa kwesibili ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa kudlulile. Ukufundwa okuphezulu kwesibili kukhombisa ukuthi uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu noma ngokushesha kuye ngokuthi unazo noma yiziphi izimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Noma ngabe unezinombolo ezinempilo, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela ukugcina umfutho wegazi lakho usezingeni elijwayelekile. Lokhu kungakusiza wehlise amathuba okuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi.

Njengoba ukhula, ukuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu. Ingcindezi ye-Systolic ivame ukukhuphuka uma usumdala kunama-50, futhi kukude ukubikezela ubungozi besifo senhliziyo nezinye izimo. Izimo ezithile zempilo, njengesifo sikashukela nesifo sezinso, nazo zingadlala indima. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani impilo yakho yonke ukusiza ukuvimbela ukuqala komfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuvikela zingasiza ukwehlisa noma ukuvimbe umfutho wegazi ophakeme:

Ukunciphisa ukudla kwe-sodium

Yehlisa ukudla okune-sodium. Abanye abantu bayazwela emiphumeleni ye-sodium. Laba bantu akufanele basebenzise ngaphezu kuka-2,300 mg ngosuku. Abantu abadala asebevele benesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu bangadinga ukukhawulela ukudla kwabo kwe-sodium ku-1,500 mg ngosuku.

Kungcono uqale ngokungafaki usawoti ekudleni kwakho, okungakhuphula isilinganiso sakho se-sodium. Nciphisa ukudla okusetshenzisiwe futhi. Okuningi kwalokhu kudla kunenani eliphansi lokudla okunempilo kanti futhi kunamafutha amaningi ne-sodium.

Ukunciphisa ukungena kwe-caffeine

Yehlisa ukudla kwakho okune-caffeine. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ukuzwela kwe-caffeine kunendima ekufundweni kwengcindezi yegazi lakho.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba

Vocavoca umzimba kaningi. Ukungaguquguquki kubalulekile ekulondolozeni ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi okunempilo. Kungcono ukuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke kunokusebenzisa amahora ambalwa kuphela ngezimpelasonto. Zama le nqubo emnene ye-yoga ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi.

Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo

Uma usuvele unesisindo esinempilo, sigcine. Noma yehlisa isisindo uma kunesidingo. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, ukulahlekelwa ngamakhilogremu ama-5 kuye kwayi-10 kungenza umthelela ekufundweni kwengcindezi yegazi lakho.

Ukulawula ukucindezeleka

Phatha amazinga akho okucindezeleka. Ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulingene, i-yoga, noma izikhathi zokuzindla zemizuzu eyi-10 kungasiza. Bheka lezi zindlela ezilula eziyishumi zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

Ukunciphisa ukuphuza utshwala nokuyeka ukubhema

Yehlisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala. Ngokuya ngesimo sakho, kungadingeka ukuthi uyeke ukuphuza ngokuphelele. Kubalulekile futhi ukuyeka noma ukubhema. Ukubhema kuyingozi enkulu empilweni yakho yenhliziyo.

Umfutho wegazi uphansi kakhulu

Umfutho wegazi ophansi waziwa njenge-hypotension. Kubantu abadala, ukufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi ngo-90/60 mm Hg noma ngezansi kuvame ukubhekwa njenge-hypotension. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ngoba umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu awunikezi umzimba nenhliziyo yakho igazi elanele elinomoya-mpilo.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-hypotension zingafaka:

• izinkinga zenhliziyo
• ukoma komzimba
• ukukhulelwa
• ukulahleka kwegazi
• ukutheleleka okukhulu (septicemia)
• i-anaphylaxis
• ukungondleki
• Izinkinga ze-endocrine
• imithi ethile

I-Hypotension imvamisa ihambisana nobunzima noma isiyezi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuthola imbangela yomfutho wegazi ophansi nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuyikhuphula.

Ukudla okudlela endlini

Ukugcina umfutho wegazi lakho usebangeni elijwayelekile kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezifana nesifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Inhlanganisela yemikhuba yokuphila enempilo nemithi kungasiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi. Uma ukhuluphele ngokweqile, ukwehlisa isisindo nakho kubalulekile ekugcineni izinombolo zakho ziphansi.

Khumbula ukuthi ukufundwa komfutho wegazi owodwa akuhlukanisi impilo yakho. Isilinganiso sokufundwa kwengcindezi yegazi ethathwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sinembe kakhulu. Yingakho kaningi kuhle ukuthi umfutho wegazi lakho uthathwe ngongoti bezokunakekelwa kwempilo okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ungadinga amasheke amaningi uma ukufundwa kwakho kuphezulu.