Uyini umdlavuza we-Bone Marrow?

-Delile

• Ukubuka konke
• Izinhlobo zomdlavuza womnkantsha
• I-myeloma eminingi
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• I-Lymphoma
• Izimpawu zomdlavuza womnkantsha
• Izimbangela zomdlavuza womnkantsha
• Ukuhlonza umdlavuza womnkantsha
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womnkantsha
• Umbono womdlavuza womnkantsha
• Umbono ojwayelekile we-myeloma eminingi
• Umbono ojwayelekile we-leukemia
• Umbono ojwayelekile we-lymphoma
• Ukuthatha

Ukubuka konke

UMarrow yinto efana nesiponji ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Kutholakala ngaphakathi emnkantsheni kukhona ama-stem cells, angakhula abe amaseli abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi nama-platelets.

Umdlavuza womnkantsha wethambo wenzeka lapho amaseli emnkantsheni eqala ukukhula ngokungajwayelekile noma ngesivinini esisheshayo. Umdlavuza oqala emnkantsheni wethambo ubizwa ngokuthi ngumdlavuza womnkantsha noma umdlavuza wegazi, hhayi umdlavuza wamathambo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zingasakazeka ziye emathanjeni akho nasemnkantsheni wethambo, kodwa akuwona umdlavuza womnkantsha.

Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomdlavuza womnkantsha, ukuthi utholakala kanjani, nokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza womnkantsha

I-myeloma eminingi

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza womnkantsha yi-myeloma eminingi. Iqala kumaseli e-plasma. Lawa ngamaseli egazi amhlophe enza amasosha omzimba ukuvikela umzimba wakho kubahlaseli bangaphandle.

Izicubu zenzeka lapho umzimba wakho uqala ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana amaningi e-plasma. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni amathambo kanye nokwehla kwekhono lokulwa nezifo.

Umdlavuza wegazi

Umdlavuza wegazi uvame ukufaka amaseli amhlophe egazi.

Umzimba ukhiqiza amaseli egazi angajwayelekile angafi njengoba kufanele. Njengoba inani labo likhula, bagcwala amaseli egazi amhlophe, amaseli abomvu, nama-platelets, okuphazamisa amandla abo okusebenza.

I-leukemia enamandla ibandakanya amaseli egazi angavuthiwe, okuthiwa ukuqhuma, nezimpawu zingathuthuka ngokushesha. I-leukemia engapheli ibandakanya amangqamuzana egazi avuthiwe kakhulu. Izimpawu zingaba mnene ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke ungahle ungazi ukuthi unazo iminyaka.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwe-leukemia engapheli ne-acute.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-leukemia, kufaka phakathi:

• i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli, ethinta abantu abadala
• i-acute lymphocytic leukemia, ithinta izingane nabantu abadala
• i-leukemia engapheli, ethinta kakhulu abantu abadala
• i-leukemia enamandla kakhulu, ethinta izingane nabantu abadala

I-Lymphoma

I-Lymphoma ingaqala kuma-lymph node noma kumnkantsha wethambo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-lymphoma. Enye yi-lymphoma kaHodgkin, eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikaHodgkin, esiqala kuma-lymphocyte athile e-B. Olunye uhlobo yi-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, eqala kumaseli B noma T. Kukhona nezinhlayiyana eziningi.

Nge-lymphoma, ama-lymphocyte akhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa, enza izicubu futhi kwenze kube nzima amasosha akho omzimba ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womnkantsha

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze i-myeloma eminingi kungafaka:

• ubuthakathaka nokukhathala ngenxa yokushoda kwamaseli abomvu egazi (i-anemia)
• ukopha nokulimala ngenxa yamaplatelets egazi aphansi (thrombocytopenia)
• ukutheleleka ngenxa yokushoda kwamaseli ajwayelekile amhlophe egazi (leukopenia)
• ukoma ngokweqile
• ukuchama kaningi
• ukoma komzimba
• ubuhlungu besisu
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• ukozela
• ukudideka ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu we-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia)
• ubuhlungu bamathambo noma amathambo abuthakathaka
• ukulimala kwezinso noma ukwehluleka kwezinso
• i-peripheral neuropathy, noma ukuhayiza, ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa

Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ze i-leukemia yilezi:

• umkhuhlane namakhaza
• ubuthakathaka nokukhathala
• ukutheleleka okuvamile noma okunzima
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• ama-lymph node avuvukile
• isibindi esikhulisiwe noma ubende
• ukulimaza noma ukopha kalula, kufaka phakathi ukuphuma kwamakhala
• amachashazi abomvu amancane esikhunjeni (petechiae)
• ukujuluka okweqile
• ukujuluka ebusuku
• ubuhlungu bamathambo

Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ze I-lymphoma yilezi:

• ukuvuvukala entanyeni, ngaphansi kwekhwapha, engalweni, emlenzeni, noma emgodini
• ama-lymph node akhulisiwe
• ubuhlungu bezinzwa, ukuba ndikindiki, ukuhayiza
• umuzwa wokugcwala esiswini
• ukuncipha kwesisindo okungaqondakali
• ukujuluka ebusuku
• umkhuhlane namakhaza
• amandla aphansi
• isifuba noma ubuhlungu beqolo
• ukuqubuka noma ukulunywa

Izimbangela zomdlavuza womnkantsha

Akucaci ukuthi yini ebanga umdlavuza womnkantsha. Izici ezinikele zingafaka:

• ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi kuma-solvents, fuels, exhaust engine, imikhiqizo ethile yokuhlanza, noma imikhiqizo yezolimo
• ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-athomu
• amagciwane athile, afaka i-HIV, hepatitis, amanye ama-retroviruses, namanye amagciwane e-herpes
• amasosha omzimba acindezelwe noma isifo se-plasma
• ukuphazamiseka kofuzo noma umlando womndeni womdlavuza womnkantsha
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kwangaphambilini noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• ukubhema
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile

Ukuhlonza umdlavuza womnkantsha

Uma unezimpawu zomdlavuza womnkantsha, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha bese enza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba.

Ngokuya ngalokho okutholakele nezimpawu zakho, ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa kungafaka:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nokubalwa kwegazi okuphelele, iphrofayili yamakhemikhali, kanye nezimpawu zesimila
• ukuhlolwa komchamo ukuhlola amazinga wamaprotheni nokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso
• i-imaging icwaninga i-MRI, i-CT, i-PET, ne-X-ray ukufuna ubufakazi bezicubu
• i-biopsy yomnkantsha noma i-lymph node ekhulisiwe ukuhlola ubukhona bamaseli anomdlavuza

Imiphumela ye-biopsy ingaqinisekisa ukuxilongwa komnkantsha futhi inikeze imininingwane ngohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza. Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza usabalale kangakanani nokuthi yiziphi izitho ezithintekayo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womnkantsha

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza womnkantsha kuzoba okomuntu ngamunye futhi kususelwe ohlotsheni oluthile kanye nesigaba somdlavuza lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa, kanye nokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezempilo.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa umdlavuza womnkantsha:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelashwa okuhlelekile eyenzelwe ukuthola nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni. Udokotela wakho uzokunika umuthi noma inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa amasosha akho omzimba ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Imithi yokwelashwa ehlosiwe. Le mithi ihlasela izinhlobo ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza ngendlela eqondile. Ngokungafani ne-chemotherapy, zivimbela ukulimala kwamaseli aphilile.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuletha imishayo yamandla aphezulu endaweni ebhekiswe kuyo ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukunciphisa usayizi wesimila, nokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
• Ukufakelwa kabusha. Ngokufakelwa kwe-stem cell noma umnkantsha wethambo, umnkantsha owonakele ufakwa esikhundleni somnkantsha onempilo ovela kumnikeli. Lokhu kwelashwa kungafaka i-chemotherapy ephezulu kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe.

Ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo kungaba enye indlela. Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo yizinhlelo zocwaningo ezivivinya ukwelashwa okusha okungakavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile. Ngokuvamile banemihlahlandlela yokuqina eqinile. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole ulwazi ngezivivinyo ezingahle zilunge kahle.

Umbono womdlavuza womnkantsha

Izibalo zokusinda ezihlobene ziqhathanisa ukusinda kwabantu abanesifo somdlavuza kubantu abangenawo umdlavuza. Uma ubheka amazinga okusinda, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ziyehluka kumuntu nomuntu.

La mazinga akhombisa ukusinda kwabantu abatholakala eminyakeni edlule. Njengoba ukwelashwa kuthuthuka ngokushesha, kungenzeka ukuthi amazinga okusinda angcono kunalawa akhonjiswayo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza womnkantsha zinolaka kakhulu kunezinye. Ngokuvamile, lapho uqala ukubamba umdlavuza, amathuba akho okusinda aba ngcono. I-Outlook incike ezintweni ezihlukile kuwe, njengempilo yakho yonke, ubudala, nokuthi uphendula kahle kangakanani ekwelashweni.

Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukunikeza imininingwane ethe xaxa ngalokho ongakulindela.

Umbono ojwayelekile we-myeloma eminingi

I-myeloma eminingi ayelapheki, kepha ingalawulwa.Ukwelashwa: I-myeloma eminingi. (2018).
nhs.uk/conditions/multiple-myeloma/treatment/ Ukwelashwa kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yonke.

Ngokuya ngedatha yohlelo lweNational Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) kusuka ngonyaka ka-2008 kuya ku-2014, amanani weminyaka emihlanu okusinda kwe-myeloma amaningi yile:Amaqiniso we-Cancer stat: I-Myeloma. (ng).
umboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/mulmy.html

Umbono ojwayelekile we-leukemia

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia zingelashwa. Isibonelo, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 ezingane ezine-acute lymphocytic leukemia ziyelapheka.I-leukemia: I-Outlook / isibikezelo. (2016).
my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4365-leukemia/outlook–prognosis

Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-SEER kusuka ngo-2008 kuya ku-2014, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda kwe-leukemia singamaphesenti angama-61.4.Amaqiniso we-Cancer stat: I-leukemia. (ng).
umboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/leuks.html Izinga lokufa lehle ngesilinganiso samaphesenti ayi-1.5 unyaka ngamunye kusuka ku-2006 kuya ku-2015.

Umbono ojwayelekile we-lymphoma

I-Hodgkin's lymphoma iyelapheka kakhulu. Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, i-lymphoma yabantu abadala kanye nobuntwana ingahle yelapheke.

Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-SEER kusuka ngo-2008 kuya ku-2014, amazinga wokuphila asondelene we-Hodgkin's lymphoma yilezi:Amaqiniso we-Cancer stat: IHodgkin lymphoma. (ng).
umboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/hodg.html

Ngokuya ngemininingwane ye-SEER kusuka ngo-2008 kuya ku-2014, amazinga wokuphila asondele eminyakeni emihlanu ye-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma yilezi:Amaqiniso we-Cancer stat: I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (ng).
umboni.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/nhl.html

Ukuthatha

Uma uthole ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wamathambo, mhlawumbe unemibuzo eminingi ngokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ongaxoxa ngazo nodokotela wakho:

• uhlobo oluthile nesigaba somdlavuza
• izinhloso zezinketho zakho zokwelashwa
• yiziphi izivivinyo ezizokwenziwa ukubheka ukuqhubeka kwakho
• ongakwenza ukuphatha izimpawu futhi uthole ukwesekwa okudingayo
• ukuthi isivivinyo somtholampilo sikulungele yini
• umbono wakho ngokuya ngokuxilongwa kanye nempilo yonke

Cela ukucaciselwa uma uyidinga. I-oncologist yakho ikhona ukukusiza uqonde ukuxilongwa kwakho nazo zonke izinketho zakho zokwelashwa. Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela wakho kuzokusiza wenze isinqumo esihle kakhulu sokwelapha kwakho.