Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngomdlavuza Wesibeletho

-Delile

• Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho
• Izimbangela zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ukuhlinzwa
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe
• Izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Izici zomngcipheko womdlavuza wesibeletho
• Isibikezelo somdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesibeletho
• Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Izibalo zomdlavuza wesibeletho
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho nokukhulelwa

Uyini umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho?

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uhlobo lomdlavuza oqala emlonyeni wesibeletho. Umlomo wesibeletho uyisilinda esiyize esixhumanisa ingxenye engezansi yesibeletho sowesifazane nesitho sakhe sangasese. Iningi lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uqala kumaseli ebusweni bomlomo wesibeletho.

Umdlavuza wesibeletho wake waba imbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwabesifazane baseMelika. Lokho sekuguqukile selokhu kwahlolwa kabanzi ukuhlolwa.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho

Abesifazane abaningi abanomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho abaqapheli ukuthi banesifo kusenesikhathi, ngoba imvamisa asibangeli zimpawu kuze kube yizigaba zokugcina. Lapho izimpawu zivela, ziphutha kalula ngezimo ezivamile njengezikhathi zokuya esikhathini kanye nezifo zomgudu womchamo (UTIs).

Izimpawu zomdlavuza zomlomo wesibeletho yilezi:

• ukopha okungavamile, okufana naphakathi kwezikhathi, ngemuva kocansi, noma ngemuva kokuya esikhathini
• ukukhishwa kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okubukeka noma okunuka okwehlukile kunokujwayelekile
• ubuhlungu okhalweni
• edinga ukuchama kaningi
• ubuhlungu ngesikhathi uchama

Uma ubona noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, bheka udokotela wakho ukuze ahlolwe. Thola ukuthi udokotela wakho uzowuthola kanjani umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

Izimbangela zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Amacala amaningi omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho abangelwa yi-human papillomavirus (HPV) yocansi. Leli yigciwane elifanayo elibanga izinsumpa zangasese.

Kunezinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-100 ezahlukahlukene ze-HPV. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezidala umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame ukudala umdlavuza yi-HPV-16 ne-HPV-18.

Ukutheleleka ngamandla okubangelwa umdlavuza we-HPV akusho ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza wesibeletho. Amasosha akho omzimba aqeda ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-HPV, imvamisa kungakapheli iminyaka emibili.

I-HPV ingadala neminye imidlavuza kubantu besifazane nabesilisa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• umdlavuza we-vulvar
• umdlavuza wangasese
• umdlavuza wesende
• umdlavuza wendunu
• umdlavuza we-rectal
• umdlavuza womphimbo

I-HPV yisifo esivame kakhulu. Thola ukuthi imaphi amaphesenti abantu abadala abaya ocansini abazoyithola ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesibeletho

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uyelapheka kakhulu uma uwuthola kusenesikhathi. Izindlela zokwelapha ezine eziyinhloko yilezi:

• ukuhlinzwa
• ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• ukwelashwa okubhekiswe

Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zindlela zokwelapha ziyahlanganiswa ukuzenza ziphumelele ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuhlinzwa

Inhloso yokuhlinzwa ukukhipha umdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi udokotela angasusa nje indawo yomlomo wesibeletho equkethe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngomdlavuza osabalele kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungabandakanya ukukhipha umlomo wesibeletho nezinye izitho ezinqeni.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe

Imisebe ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kusetshenziswa imishayo ye-X-ray enamandla amakhulu. Ingalethwa ngomshini ongaphandle komzimba. Ingalethwa futhi ngaphakathi komzimba usebenzisa ithubhu lensimbi elibekwe esibelethweni noma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Odokotela banikeza lokhu kwelashwa ngemijikelezo. Uzothola i-chemo isikhathi esithile. Uzobe usumisa ukwelashwa ukunikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi sokululama.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe

I-Bevacizumab (Avastin) yisidakamizwa esisha esisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunokhemotherapy kanye nemisebe. Kuvimba ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha esiza umdlavuza ukuba ukhule futhi uphile. Lesi sidakamizwa sivame ukunikezwa kanye ne-chemotherapy.

Uma udokotela wakho ethola amangqamuzana angaphambi komlomo wesibeletho angalashwa. Bona ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezivimba la maseli ukuthi angaguquki abe ngumdlavuza.

Izigaba zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho

Ngemuva kokutholakala kwakho, udokotela wakho uzonikeza umdlavuza wakho isigaba. Isiteji sitshela ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekile yini, futhi uma kunjalo, ususabalale kangakanani. Ukubeka umdlavuza wakho kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi akuthole ukwelashwa okufanele.

Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho unezigaba ezine:

• Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza mncane. Kungenzeka ukuthi isakaze kuma-lymph node. Akusakazekanga kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.
• Isigaba 2: Umdlavuza mkhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi usakaze ngaphandle kwesibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho noma kuma-lymph node. Akukafiki kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.
• Isigaba 3: Umdlavuza udlulele engxenyeni engezansi yesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma esifubeni. Kungenzeka kuvimbe ama-ureters, amashubhu athwala umchamo kusuka ezinso aye esinyeni. Akusakazekanga kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.
• Isigaba 4: Umdlavuza kungenzeka usabalale ngaphandle kwesikhumba waya ezithweni ezinjengamaphaphu akho, amathambo, noma isibindi.

Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza wesibeletho

I-Pap smear yindlela odokotela abahlola ngayo ukuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ukwenza lolu vivinyo, udokotela wakho uqoqa isampula lamaseli ebusweni bomlomo wesibeletho sakho. Lawa maseli abese athunyelwa elebhu ukuyohlolelwa ushintsho olungaphambi komdlavuza noma lomdlavuza.

Uma lezi zinguquko zitholakala, udokotela wakho angaphakamisa i-colposcopy, inqubo yokuhlola umlomo wakho wesibeletho. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho angathatha i-biopsy, eyisampula yamaseli wesibeletho.

Lokhu kuncoma uhlelo olulandelayo lokuhlola abesifazane ngeminyaka:

• Iminyaka engu-21 kuya kwengama-29: Thola iPap smear kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
• Iminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengama-65: Thola iPap smear kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, thola ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV (hrHPV) okuyingozi njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, noma uthole iPap smear plus hrHPV njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.

Ngabe udinga i-Pap smear? Funda ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwePap.

Izici zomngcipheko womdlavuza wesibeletho

I-HPV iyingozi enkulu yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ezinye izinto ezingakhuphula ubungozi bakho zifaka:

• igciwane lesandulela ngculaza (i-HIV)
• chlamydia
• ukubhema
• ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesibeletho
• ukudla okungenazithelo nemifino
• ukuthatha amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo
• ukukhulelwa okugcwele isikhathi esigcwele
• ukuba mncane kuneminyaka eyi-17 ngenkathi ukhulelwa okokuqala

Noma unesici esisodwa noma eziningi zalezi zinto, awumiselwe ukuthola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Funda ukuthi yini ongaqala ukuyenza manje ukunciphisa ubungozi bakho.

Isibikezelo somdlavuza wesibeletho

Ngomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho obanjwe ezigabeni zokuqala, lapho usavalelwe umlomo wesibeletho, isilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu sokusinda singamaphesenti angama-92.

Lapho umdlavuza ususabalele ngaphakathi kwendawo okhalo lwayo, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lehlela kuma-56 amaphesenti. Uma umdlavuza usakazekela ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, ukusinda kungamaphesenti ayi-17 kuphela.

Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umbono wabesifazane abanomdlavuza wesibeletho. Uma lo mdlavuza ubanjwe kusenesikhathi, uyelapheka kakhulu.

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesibeletho

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa zelapha umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Yikuphi okunconywa udokotela wakho kuya ngokuthi umdlavuza usabalale kangakanani.

• I-Cryosurgery iqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza nge-probe efakwe emlomo wesibeletho.
• Ukuhlinzwa kweLaser kushisa amaseli angajwayelekile ngogongolo lwe-laser.
• I-Conization isusa ingxenye yomlomo wesibeletho emise okwesigaxa isebenzisa ummese wokuhlinza, i-laser, noma ucingo oluncane olufuthelwa ugesi.
• I-Hysterectomy isusa sonke isibeletho nomlomo wesibeletho. Lapho phezulu kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane nakho kususiwe, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-radical hysterectomy.
• I-Trachelectomy isusa umlomo wesibeletho kanye naphezulu kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kepha ishiya isibeletho endaweni ukuze owesifazane akwazi ukuthola izingane ngokuzayo.
• Intukuthelo yomzimba ingasusa isibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, isinye, i-rectum, ama-lymph node, nengxenye yekholoni, kuya ngokuthi umdlavuza usabalale kuphi.

Ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho

Enye yezindlela ezilula ukuvikela umdlavuza wesibeletho ngokuhlolwa njalo ngePap smear kanye / noma nge-hrHPV test. Ukuhlolisiswa kulanda amaseli angaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuze elashwe ngaphambi kokuba aphenduke umdlavuza.

Ukutheleleka nge-HPV kudala amacala amaningi omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukutheleleka kungagwenywa ngemithi yokugoma i-Gardasil ne-Cervarix. Ukugoma kusebenza kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba umuntu aqale ukuya ocansini. Abafana namantombazane bangagonyelwa i-HPV.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ezimbalwa ongahlisa ngazo ubungozi be-HPV nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho:

• nciphisa inani labalingani ocansini onabo
• sebenzisa njalo ikhondomu noma enye indlela yokuvimbela uma uya ocansini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, somlomo noma sendunu

Umphumela we-Pap smear ongajwayelekile ukhombisa ukuthi unamaseli angaphazamiseki emlomo wesibeletho sakho. Thola ukuthi wenzeni uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kubuya kuthi une-HIV.

Izibalo zomdlavuza wesibeletho

Nazi izibalo ezibalulekile mayelana nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho.

I-American Cancer Society ilinganisela ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2019, babalelwa ku-13 170 abesifazane baseMelika abazotholakala benomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanti abangu-4 250 bazobulawa yilesi sifo. Amacala amaningi azotholakala kwabesifazane abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-35 nengama-44.

Abesifazane baseSpanishi yiqembu elinamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho e-United States. AmaNdiya aseMelika nabomdabu base-Alaska banamanani aphansi kakhulu.

Izinga lokushona komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho lehlile eminyakeni edlule. Kusukela ngo-2002-2016, inani lokushona kwaba ngu-2.3 kwabesifazane abayi-100,000 ngonyaka. Ngokwengxenye, lokhu kwehla kungenxa yokuhlolwa okuthuthukisiwe.

Umdlavuza wesibeletho nokukhulelwa

Kuyaqabukela ukutholakala unomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ngenkathi ukhulelwe, kodwa kungenzeka. Imidlavuza eminingi etholakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa itholakala kusenesikhathi.

Ukwelapha umdlavuza ngenkathi ukhulelwe kungaba nzima. Udokotela wakho angakusiza uthathe isinqumo ngokwelashwa okususelwa esigabeni somdlavuza wakho nokuthi kukude kangakanani lapho ukhulelwe.

Uma umdlavuza usencane kakhulu, ungakwazi ukulinda ukuletha ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Ngecala lomdlavuza osuthuthuke kakhulu lapho ukwelashwa kudinga i-hysterectomy noma imisebe, kuzodingeka uthathe isinqumo sokuthi uyaqhubeka yini nokukhulelwa.

Odokotela bazozama ukubeletha ingane yakho ngokushesha nje lapho ingaphila ngaphandle kwesibeletho.