Isifo se-Chagas: izimpawu, umjikelezo, ukuhanjiswa nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ukudluliselwa kwesifo se-Chagas
• Umjikelezo wokuphila
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Intuthuko yocwaningo

Isifo i-Chagas, esaziwa nangokuthi yi-American trypanosomiasis, yisifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa yilesi sifo I-Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Lesi sinambuzane ngokuvamile sinesinambuzane esiphakathi nendawo esaziwa kakhulu njenge-barber nokuthi, ngesikhathi sokuluma komuntu, siyakhupha noma sichame, sikhiphe lesi sifo. Ngemuva kokulunywa, ukuphendula komuntu okujwayelekile ukunwaya indawo, kepha lokhu kuvumela i- T. cruzi emzimbeni nasekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.

Ukutheleleka nge I-Trypanosoma cruzi kungaletha izinkinga ezahlukahlukene empilweni yomuntu, njengesifo senhliziyo nokuphazamiseka kohlelo lokugaya ukudla, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yesifo.

Umgundi unomkhuba wasebusuku futhi uzondla kuphela ngegazi lezilwane ezinomgogodla. Lesi sinambuzane sivame ukutholakala emifantwini yezindlu zokhuni, imibhede, omatilasi, amadiphozi, izidleke zezinyoni, iziqu zezihlahla, phakathi kwezinye izindawo, futhi sithanda izindawo eziseduze nomthombo wazo wokudla.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Isifo se-Chagas singahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko, isigaba esibucayi nesingapheli. Esigabeni esibucayi ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu, kufana nesikhathi lapho amagciwane ephindaphindeka futhi esakazeka khona egazini ngomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ngenxa yesistimu yomzimba ebuthakathaka, ezinye izimpawu zingabonwa, okuyizona eziyinhloko:

• Uphawu lwe-Romaña, okuwukuvuvukala kwamajwabu amehlo, okukhombisa ukuthi lo gciwane ungene emzimbeni;
• I-Chagoma, ehambelana nokuvuvukala kwesiza sesikhumba futhi ekhombisa ukungena kwe- T. cruzi emzimbeni;
• Imfiva;
• Malaise;
• Ukwanda kwama-lymph node;
• Ikhanda;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Uhudo.

Isigaba esingalapheki sesifo sikaChagas sihambisana nokukhula kwegciwane ezithweni, ikakhulukazi inhliziyo nohlelo lokugaya ukudla, futhi kungenzeka kungazibangeli izimpawu iminyaka. Lapho zivela, izimpawu ziba nzima, futhi kungahle kube nenhliziyo enwetshiwe, ebizwa nge-hypermegaly, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-megacolon kanye ne-megaesophagus, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezu kokuthi kungenzeka kube nesibindi esandisiwe kanye nobende.

Izimpawu zesifo sikaChagas zivame ukuvela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisi-7 kuya kweziyi-14 ngemuva kokutheleleka ngamagciwane, kepha lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokudla ukudla okuthelelekile, izimpawu zingavela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezingama-22 ngemuva kokutheleleka.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikaChagas kwenziwa ngudokotela ngokususelwa esigabeni sesifo, imininingwane yokwelashwa nezifo, njengendawo ahlala kuyo noma avakashele kuyo nemikhuba yakhe yokudla, kanye nezimpawu zakhe. Ukuxilongwa kwelabhorethri kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amasu avumela ukukhonjwa kwe- T. cruzi egazini, njengethonsi elijiyile negazi eligcotshwe nguGiemsa.

Ukudluliselwa kwesifo se-Chagas

Isifo i-Chagas sibangelwa amagciwane I-Trypanosoma cruzi, ophethe umphathi wawo ophakathi ungumgundi wezinambuzane. Lesi sinambuzane, masishane nje lapho sidla igazi, sinomkhuba wokuzichamela futhi sichame ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, sikhiphe lesi silwanyana, futhi lapho umuntu eluma, lesi silwanyana sikwazi ukungena emzimbeni sifike egazini, lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko ukudluliswa kwalesi sifo.

Enye indlela yokudlulisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungcoliswe yigundi noma indle yakhona, njengejusi lomoba noma i-açaí. Lesi sifo singadluliselwa nangokumpontshelwa igazi elinegciwane, noma ngokuzalwa, okungukuthi, ukusuka kumama kuye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha.

O I-Rhodnius prolixus futhi siyiventa eyingozi yalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziseduze nehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon.

Umjikelezo wokuphila

Umjikelezo wempilo we I-Trypanosoma cruzikuqala lapho lesi sinambuzane singena egazini lomuntu bese singena kumaseli, siguquke sibe i-amastigote, okuyisigaba sokukhula nokuphindaphindwa kwalesi sifo. Ama-Amastigotes angaqhubeka nokuhlasela amaseli futhi ande, kepha angaguqulwa abe ama-trypomastigotes, aqede amaseli futhi asatshalaliswe egazini.

Umjikelezo omusha ungaqala lapho umgundi eluma umuntu onegciwane futhi ethola lesi silokazane. Ama-trypomastigotes aku-barber aguqula ama-epimastigotes, ande abuye abe ngama-trypomastigotes, akhishwa endle yalesi sinambuzane.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikaChagas kungenziwa ekuqaleni ngokusetshenziswa kwemithi isikhathi esingangenyanga eyodwa, esingalapha lesi sifo noma sivimbele izinkinga zaso ngenkathi amagciwane asesegazini lomuntu.

Kepha abanye abantu abafinyeleli ekwelashweni kwalesi sifo, ngoba amagciwane ashiya igazi bese aqala ukuhlala ezicutshini ezakha izitho futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iba ukuhlaselwa okungapheli ikakhulukazi inhliziyo nohlelo lwezinzwa ngendlela ehamba kancane kodwa eqhubekayo . Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwesifo se-Chagas.

Intuthuko yocwaningo

Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, kutholakale ukuthi umuthi osetshenziselwa ukulwa nomalaleveva unemiphumela ku I-Trypanosoma cruzi, ukuvimbela lesi silokazana ukuthi singashiyi uhlelo lokugaya lokugunda kanye nokungcolisa abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi amaqanda ezinsikazi zokugunda ezinegciwane awangcoliswanga yi- T. cruzi nokuthi baqala ukubeka amaqanda ambalwa.

Yize inemiphumela emihle, lo muthi awukhonjisiwe ekwelapheni isifo se-Chagas, ngoba ukuze ube nomphumela, kudingeka imithamo ephezulu kakhulu, enobuthi kubantu. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi bafuna izidakamizwa ezinendlela efanayo noma efanayo yokusebenza nokuthi ekugxileni okunobuthi obuncane emzimbeni kunomphumela ofanayo.