I-Endoscopy

-Delile

• Kungani ngidinga i-endoscopy?
• Ngilungiselela kanjani i-endoscopy?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-endoscopy?
• Yiziphi izindlela zakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-endoscopy?
• I-capsule endoscopy
• I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
• I-Chromoendoscopy
• I-endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
• I-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)
• Ukucabanga kwebhendi elincane (i-NBI)
• Ziyini izingozi ze-endoscopy?
• Kwenzekani ngemuva kwe-endoscopy?

Yini i-endoscopy?

I-endoscopy inqubo lapho udokotela wakho esebenzisa izinsimbi ezikhethekile ukubuka nokusebenza ezinhlakeni zangaphakathi nasemikhunjini yomzimba wakho. Ivumela abahlinzayo ukuthi babone izinkinga emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kokwenza ukusikeka okukhulu.

Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka i-endoscope ngokusika okuncane noma imbobo emzimbeni njengomlomo. I-endoscope yishubhu eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera enamathiselwe evumela udokotela wakho ukuthi akubone. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa i-forceps nesikele ku-endoscope ukusebenzisa noma ukususa izicubu ze-biopsy.

Kungani ngidinga i-endoscopy?

I-Endoscopy ivumela udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ngomzimba isitho ngaphandle kokwenza imbobo enkulu. Isikrini egumbini lokuhlinzwa senza udokotela abone kahle ukuthi i-endoscope ibonani.

I-Endoscopy ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa:

• siza udokotela wakho ukuthola imbangela yanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingajwayelekile onazo
• susa isampula elincane lezicubu, ezingathunyelwa elebhu ukuze liqhubeke nokuhlolwa; lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-endoscopic biopsy
• siza udokotela wakho abone ngaphakathi komzimba ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlinzwa, njengokulungisa isilonda sesisu, noma ukususa amatshe enyongo noma izicubu

Udokotela wakho angalawula i-endoscopy uma unezimpawu zanoma iyiphi yalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• izifo ezivuthayo zamathumbu (IBD), njenge-ulcerative colitis (UC) nesifo sikaCrohn
• isilonda esiswini
• ukuqunjelwa okungapheli
• isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga
• amatshe enyongo
• ukopha okungaqondakali emgudwini wokugaya ukudla
• izimila
• izifo
• ukuvinjelwa komphimbo
• isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD)
• i-hernia yokuzalwa
• ukopha okungavamile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• igazi emchameni wakho
• ezinye izindaba zomgudu wokugaya ukudla

Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza izimpawu zakho, enze ukuhlolwa komzimba, futhi mhlawumbe ahlele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngaphambi kwe-endoscopy. Lezi zivivinyo zizosiza udokotela wakho athole ukuqonda okunembe ngokwengeziwe kwesizathu esingaba khona sezimpawu zakho. Lezi zivivinyo zingabasiza nokuthi banqume ukuthi ngabe izinkinga zingelashwa ngaphandle kwe-endoscopy noma ukuhlinzwa.

Ngilungiselela kanjani i-endoscopy?

Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalo ephelele yokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-endoscopy zidinga ukuthi uyeke ukudla ukudla okuqinile kuze kufike emahoreni ayi-12 ngaphambi kwenqubo. Ezinye izinhlobo zeziphuzo ezicacile, ezinjengamanzi noma ijusi, zingavunyelwa kuze kube amahora amabili ngaphambi kwenqubo. Udokotela wakho uzokucacisela lokhu nawe.

Udokotela wakho angakunika ama-laxatives noma ama-enemas ukuze usebenzise ubusuku obandulela inqubo yokusula uhlelo lwakho. Lokhu kujwayelekile ezinqubweni ezibandakanya ipheshana lesisu (GI) kanye nendunu.

Ngaphambi kwe-endoscopy, udokotela wakho uzokuhlola ngokomzimba bese ebheka umlando wakho ophelele wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili.

Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho nganoma imiphi imishanguzo oyiphuzayo, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni nezithasiselo zokudla okunempilo. Futhi yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungezwani komzimba ongaba nakho. Ungadinga ukuyeka ukuthatha imishanguzo ethile uma ingathinta ukopha, ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa ze-anticoagulant noma antiplatelet.

Ungahle ufune ukuhlela omunye umuntu ukukushayela ekhaya ngemuva kwenqubo ngoba ungahle ungazizwa kahle kusuka ku-anesthesia.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-endoscopy?

Ama-endoscopy awela ezigabeni, ngokuya ngendawo yomzimba ayiphenyayo. I-American Cancer Society (ACS) ibala izinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-endoscopy:

Yiziphi izindlela zakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-endoscopy?

Njengobuchwepheshe obuningi, i-endoscopy iqhubeka njalo. Izizukulwane ezintsha zama-endoscopes zisebenzisa isithombe sencazelo ephezulu ukudala izithombe ngemininingwane emangalisayo.Amasu amasha ahlanganisa ne-endoscopy nobuchwepheshe be-imaging noma izinqubo zokuhlinza.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zobuchwepheshe bamuva be-endoscopy.

I-capsule endoscopy

Inqubo yokuguqula eyaziwa njenge-capsule endoscopy ingasetshenziswa uma ezinye izivivinyo zinganqamuki. Ngesikhathi se-capsule endoscopy, ugwinya iphilisi elincane elinekhamera encane ngaphakathi. I-capsule idlula emgudwini wakho wokugaya ukudla, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kuwe, futhi idala izinkulungwane zezithombe zamathumbu njengoba zidlula.

I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

I-ERCP ihlanganisa ama-X-ray nama-endoscopy aphezulu we-GI ukuxilonga noma ukwelapha izinkinga ngemibhobho ye-bile ne-pancreatic.

I-Chromoendoscopy

I-Chromoendoscopy inqubo esebenzisa ibala elikhethekile noma idayi kulwelwesi lwamathumbu ngesikhathi senqubo ye-endoscopy. Idayi isiza udokotela ukuba abone kangcono uma kukhona okuthile okungahambi kahle kulwelwesi lwamathumbu.

I-endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)

I-EUS isebenzisa i-ultrasound ngokubambisana ne-endoscopy. Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi babone izitho nezinye izakhiwo ezingavamile ukubonakala ngesikhathi se-endoscopy ejwayelekile. Inaliti ezacile ingafakwa esithombeni noma esakhiweni ukubuyisa izicubu ezithile ukuze zibukwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi isifiso senaliti esihle.

I-endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)

I-EMR yindlela esetshenziselwa ukusiza odokotela ukuthi basuse izicubu ezinomdlavuza endaweni yokugaya ukudla. Ku-EMR, inaliti idluliswa nge-endoscope ukujova uketshezi ngaphansi kwezicubu ezingejwayelekile. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlukanisa izicubu ezinomdlavuza kwezinye izingqimba ukuze zisuswe kalula.

Ukucabanga kwebhendi elincane (i-NBI)

I-NBI isebenzisa isihlungi esikhethekile ukusiza ukudala umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemikhumbi ne-mucosa. I-mucosa ingaphakathi langaphakathi lomgudu wokugaya ukudla.

Ziyini izingozi ze-endoscopy?

I-Endoscopy inengozi ephansi kakhulu yokopha nokutheleleka kunokuhlinzwa okuvulekile. Noma kunjalo, i-endoscopy inqubo yezokwelapha, ngakho-ke inengozi yokuphuma kwegazi, ukutheleleka, nezinye izinkinga ezingavamile ezifana nalezi:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• ukulimala ezithweni zakho, kufaka phakathi ukungcola okungenzeka
• imfiva
• ubuhlungu obungapheli endaweni ye-endoscopy
• ububomvu nokuvuvukala esizeni sokusika

Ubungozi bohlobo ngalunye buya ngendawo yenqubo kanye nesimo sakho.

Isibonelo, izitulo ezinombala omnyama, ukuhlanza, nobunzima bokugwinya ngemuva kwe-colonoscopy kungakhombisa ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. I-hysteroscopy inengozi encane yokugcotshwa kwesibeletho, ukuphuma kwegazi lesibeletho, noma ukuhlukumezeka komlomo wesibeletho. Uma une-capsule endoscopy, kunengozi encane yokuthi i-capsule ingabambeka ndawana thile emgudwini wokugaya ukudla. Ingozi iphezulu kubantu abanesimo esidala ukuncipha kwendlela yokugaya ukudla, njengesimila. I-capsule ingadinga ukukhishwa ngokuhlinzwa.

Buza odokotela bakho ngezimpawu okufanele uzibheke ngokulandela i-endoscopy yakho.

Kwenzekani ngemuva kwe-endoscopy?

Ama-endoscopy amaningi izinqubo zokwelashwa kweziguli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaya ekhaya ngosuku olufanayo.

Udokotela wakho uzovala amanxeba okusika ngemithungo futhi awabophe kahle ngokushesha ngemuva kwenqubo. Udokotela wakho uzokunika imiyalo yokuthi ungasinakekela kanjani lesi silonda uwedwa.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzodingeka ulinde ihora elilodwa kuya kwamabili esibhedlela ukuze imiphumela ye-sedation iphele. Umngani noma ilungu lomndeni lizokuhambisa ekhaya. Uma ususekhaya, kufanele uhlele ukuchitha okusele kosuku lokuphumula.

Ezinye izinqubo zingakushiya ungakhululeki kancane. Kungadinga isikhathi esithile ukuze uzizwe uphile ngokwanele ukwenza ibhizinisi lakho lansuku zonke. Isibonelo, ngokulandela i-endoscopy ephezulu ye-GI, ungahle ube nomphimbo obuhlungu futhi udinga ukudla ukudla okuthambile izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ungaba negazi emchameni wakho ngemuva kwe-cystoscopy ukuhlola isinye sakho. Lokhu kufanele kudlule kungakapheli amahora angama-24, kepha kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma kuqhubeka.

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukukhula komdlavuza, bazokwenza i-biopsy ngesikhathi se-endoscopy yakho. Imiphumela izothatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela ngemuva kokuba beyitholile babuya elabhorethri.