Ungaba kanjani yi-Omnivore Yokuziphatha

-Delile

• Umthelela wokudla kwezemvelo
• Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo
• Amagesi abamba ukushisa
• Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi
• Ukugeleza komanyolo
• Izindlela zokudla ngokunakekela ngokwengeziwe
• Ingabe ukudla izindaba zasendaweni?
• Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ebomvu ngokulingene
• Yidla amaprotheni amaningi asezitshalweni
• Nciphisa udoti wokudla
• Okubalulekile

Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kudala ubunzima obungenakugwemeka emvelweni.

Ukukhetha kwakho kokudla kwansuku zonke kungathinta kakhulu ukuqina kokudla kwakho.

Yize izidlo zemifino nemifino zivame ukuba nobungani bemvelo, hhayi wonke umuntu ofuna ukuyeka ukudla inyama ngokuphelele.

Lo mbhalo uhlanganisa eminye yemiphumela emikhulu yokukhiqizwa kokudla emvelweni, nokuthi ungayidla kanjani inyama nezitshalo ngokunakekela ngokwengeziwe.

Ngamafuphi, nansi indlela yokuba yi-omnivore yokuziphatha.

Umthelela wokudla kwezemvelo

Ngokukhiqizwa kokudla okusetshenziswa ngabantu kuza izindleko zemvelo.

Isidingo sokudla, amandla, namanzi siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngokwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni, okuholele ekukhuleni kwengcindezi emhlabeni wethu.

Yize ukufunwa kwalezi zinsiza kungenakugwenywa ngokuphelele, kubalulekile ukuthi ufundiswe ngazo ukwenza izinqumo ezizinzile ezungeze ukudla.

Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo

Enye yezinto eziyizinguquko ezinkulu uma kukhulunywa ngezolimo ukusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Njengoba uhhafu womhlaba okuhlalwa kuwo manje usetshenziselwa ezolimo, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kudlala indima enkulu emthelela wezemvelo wokukhiqizwa kokudla (1).

Ngokuqondile, imikhiqizo ethile yezolimo, efana nemfuyo, iwundlu, inyama yegusha, noshizi, ithatha iningi lomhlaba wezolimo womhlaba (2).

I-akhawunti yemfuyo ye-77% yokusetshenziswa komhlaba wokulima womhlaba wonke, lapho amadlelo emadlelo nomhlaba osetshenziselwa ukutshala ukudla kwezilwane kucatshangelwa (2).

Lokho kusho, benza kuphela i-18% yama-calories emhlabeni kanye ne-17% yamaprotheni omhlaba (2).

Njengoba umhlaba omningi usetshenziselwa ezolimo zezimboni, izindawo zokuhlala zasendle ziyaxoshwa, kuphazamisa imvelo.

Okuhle, ubuchwepheshe bezolimo buthuthuke kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-20 futhi baya ngekhulu lama-21 ().

Lokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kukhulise isivuno sesivuno ngeyunithi yomhlaba, okudinga umhlaba omncane wezolimo ukuthi ukhiqize inani elifanayo lokudla (4).

Isinyathelo esisodwa esingasithatha ekwakheni uhlelo lokudla okusimeme ukugwema ukuguqulwa komhlaba wehlathi ube umhlaba wezolimo (5).

Ungasiza ngokujoyina umphakathi olondoloza umhlaba endaweni yangakini.

Amagesi abamba ukushisa

Omunye umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo ekukhiqizweni kokudla amagesi abamba ukushisa, lapho umkhiqizo wokudla wenza cishe ikota eyodwa yokukhishwa komhlaba (2).

Amagesi amakhulu abamba ukushisa afaka phakathi i-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-methane, i-nitrous oxide, kanye namagesi ane-fluorinated (6).

Amagesi abamba ukushisa angesinye sezici ezinkulu ezibhekiswe ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu (, 8,, 10,).

Ku-25% okhiqizwa ukukhiqizwa kokudla, imfuyo nezindawo zokudoba kubalwa u-31%, ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo kube ngu-27%, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kube ngu-24%, bese kuthi okuphakelayo kube ngu-18% (2).

Uma ucabanga ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlukile yezolimo inikela ngamanani ahlukahlukene amagesi abamba ukushisa, ukukhetha kwakho kokudla kungathinta kakhulu i-carbon footprint yakho, okuyinani eliphelele lamagesi abamba ukushisa abangelwa umuntu.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuthola izindlela onganciphisa ngazo i-carbon footprint yakho ngenkathi usajabulela ukudla okuningi okuthandayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi

Ngenkathi amanzi engabonakala njengensiza engenamkhawulo kwabaningi bethu, izindawo eziningi zomhlaba zithola ukushoda kwamanzi.

Ezolimo zibhekele cishe ama-70% wokusetshenziswa kwamanzi angenasawoti emhlabeni wonke (12).

Lokho kusho ukuthi, imikhiqizo ehlukene yezolimo isebenzisa amanani ahlukahlukene wamanzi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwawo.

Imikhiqizo edinga amanzi kakhulu ukukhiqiza ushizi, amantongomane, izinhlanzi ezifuyiwe nama-prawn, kulandele izinkomo zobisi (2).

Ngakho-ke, imikhuba yezolimo eqhubekayo inika ithuba elihle lokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.

Ezinye izibonelo zalokhu zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kokunisela ngenkcenkceshela phezu kwezifafazi, ukuthumba amanzi emvula ukunisela izitshalo, nokutshala izitshalo ezibekezelela isomiso.

Ukugeleza komanyolo

Umthelela wokugcina omkhulu wokukhiqizwa kokudla kwendabuko engifuna ukusho wukugeleza komanyolo, okubizwa nangokuthi i-eutrophication.

Lapho izilimo zivundiswa, kunamathuba okuthi izakhamzimba ezedlulele zingene endaweni ezungezile nasemizileni yamanzi, yona engaphazamisa imvelo yemvelo.

Ungase ucabange ukuthi ukulima ngokwemvelo kungaba yisixazululo salokhu, kepha lokho akunjalo impela ().

Ngenkathi izindlela zokulima eziphilayo kumele zingabi namanyolo wokwenziwa kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, azinawo amakhemikhali ngokuphelele.

Ngakho-ke, ukushintshela kwimikhiqizo ephilayo akuzixazululi ngokuphelele izingqinamba ze-runoff.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, imikhiqizo ye-organic ikhonjisiwe ukuthi inezinsalela ezingaphansi kwezibulala-zinambuzane kunabalingani bazo abalinywe ngokujwayelekile (14).

Ngenkathi ungeke ushintshe ngqo izindlela zikamanyolo zamapulazi njengomthengi, ungakhuthaza izinketho eziningi ezingayilimaza imvelo, njengokusebenzisa izitshalo eziyisembozo nokutshala izihlahla ukuphatha ukuqhutshwa kwamanzi.

Ngokukhiqizwa kokudla okuzosetshenziswa ngabantu kuza imiphumela ehlukahlukene yemvelo. Imithelela emikhulukazi eguquguqukayo yokukhiqizwa kokudla ifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, amagesi abamba ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, nokugeleza komanyolo.

Izindlela zokudla ngokunakekela ngokwengeziwe

Nazi ezinye izindlela ongadla ngazo ngokunakekela, kufaka phakathi uma kukhulunywa ngokusetshenziswa kwenyama.

Ingabe ukudla izindaba zasendaweni?

Uma kukhulunywa ngokunciphisa i-carbon footprint yakho, ukudla kwasendaweni kuyincomo ejwayelekile.

Ngenkathi ukudla kwasendaweni kubonakala kunengqondo ngokunembile, akubonakali kunomthelela omkhulu ekusimameni kokudla okuningi njengoba ubungalindela - noma kungahle kunikeze ezinye izinzuzo.

Imininingwane yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi lokho okudlayo kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthi kuqhamukaphi, njengoba ezokuthutha zakha kuphela inani elincane lokukhishwa kokukhishwa kwegesi yokushisa okuphelele (15).

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhetha ukudla okuphuma kancane, njengenkukhu, ngaphezu kokudla okuphuma kakhulu, njengenkomo, kunomthelela omkhulu - noma ngabe ukudla kusukaphi.

Uma kushiwo lokho, isigaba esisodwa lapho ukudla indawo kunganciphisa i-carbon footprint yakho kunokudla okubola kakhulu, okudinga ukuhanjiswa ngokushesha ngenxa yempilo yabo eshalofini emfushane.

Imvamisa, lokhu kudla kuthuthwa ngomoya, kukhuphula kakhulu ukukhishwa kwawo kukonke kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-50 ngaphezu kokuthuthwa ngolwandle (2).

Lokhu ikakhulukazi kufaka izithelo nemifino emisha, njenge-asparagus, ubhontshisi obuluhlaza, amajikijolo namaphayinaphu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inani elincane kakhulu lokuphakelwa kokudla elihamba ngomoya - iningi lihanjiswa ngemikhumbi emikhulu noma ngamaloli ezweni.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, ukudla kwasendaweni kungaba nezinye izinzuzo, njengokuxhasa abakhiqizi bendawo besebenzisa izindlela zokulima ezizinzile, ukudla nezinkathi zonyaka, ukwazi kahle ukuthi ukudla kwakho kuqhamukaphi, nokuthi kwakhiqizwa kanjani.

Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ebomvu ngokulingene

Ukudla okunothe kakhulu kwamaphrotheni, okufana nenyama, ubisi, namaqanda, kwenza cishe ama-83% wokukhishwa kwethu ekudleni (16).

Ngokuya ngonyawo wonke wekhabhoni, inyama yenkomo newundlu ziphezulu kakhulu ohlwini.

Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenzisa kwabo umhlaba kabanzi, izidingo zokudla, ukucubungula nokupakisha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomo zikhiqiza i-methane emathunjini abo ngenkathi yenqubo yokugaya, okuqhubeka nokufaka isandla kwi-carbon footprint yazo.

Ngenkathi inyama ebomvu ikhiqiza cishe ama-60 kg we-CO2 okulingana nge-kg yenyama - isilinganiso esivamile sokukhishwa kwegesi yokushisa - okunye ukudla kwenza kancane kakhulu (2).

Isibonelo, ukufuywa kwezinkukhu kukhiqiza ama-6 kg, inhlanzi ama-5 kg, namaqanda ama-4.5 kg we-CO2 okulingana nekhilo yenyama ngayinye.

Njengokuqhathanisa, lokho kungamakhilogremu ayi-132, amakhilogremu ayi-13, amakhilogremu ayi-11, kanye namakhilogremu ayi-10 okulingana ne-CO2 ngephawundi yenyama yezinyama ezibomvu, izinkukhu, inhlanzi, namaqanda, ngokulandelana.

Ngakho-ke, ukudla inyama ebomvu encane kunganciphisa kakhulu i-carbon footprint yakho.

Ukuthenga inyama ebomvu enotshani kubakhiqizi bendawo abasimeme kunganciphisa kancane ukukhishwa kwegesi yokushisa, kepha imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwenyama ebomvu, kukodwa, kunomthelela omkhulu ().

Yidla amaprotheni amaningi asezitshalweni

Enye indlela enomthelela wokukhuthaza ukuba yi-omnivore yokuziphatha okuhle ngokudla imithombo eminingi yamaprotheni asezitshalweni.

Ukudla okufana ne-tofu, ubhontshisi, uphizi, i-quinoa, imbewu ye-hemp, namantongomane kunendawo ephansi kakhulu yekhabhoni uma kuqhathaniswa namaprotheni amaningi ezilwane (2).

Ngenkathi okuqukethwe okunomsoco kulawa maprotheni ezitshalo kungahluka kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namaprotheni ezilwane, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni kungafaniswa nosayizi bezingxenye ezifanele.

Ukufaka imithombo eminingi yamaprotheni asezitshalweni ekudleni kwakho akusho ukuthi kufanele ususe ngokuphelele ukudla kwezilwane.

Enye indlela yokwehlisa inani lamaprotheni ezilwane owadlayo ngokukhipha uhhafu wamaprotheni kweresiphi enesitshalo.

Isibonelo, lapho wenza iresiphi yesiko lendabuko, shintsha ingxenye yenyama egayiwe ye-tofu iyaqhekeka.

Ngale ndlela uzothola ukunambitheka kwenyama, kepha wehlise inani lamaprotheni ezilwane, nawo wehlisa umgqa wekhabhoni walokho kudla okunikeziwe.

Nciphisa udoti wokudla

Isici sokugcina sokuba i-omnivore yokuziphatha engifuna ukuxoxa ngayo ukunciphisa udoti wokudla.

Emhlabeni jikelele, imfucuza yokudla i-6% yokukhiqizwa kwegesi yokushisa okushisa (2, 19).

Yize lokhu futhi kubheka ukulahleka kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kusuka ekugcinweni nasekuphatheni okungalungile, okuningi kwalokhu ukudla okulahlwa abathengisi nabathengi.

Ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa udoti wokudla yilezi:

• ukuthenga izithelo nemifino efriziwe uma ungahlelile ukuzisebenzisa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo
• ukuthenga inhlanzi efriziwe efriziwe evaliwe, njengoba inhlanzi inesikhala esisodwa esifushane kunazo zonke inyama
• usebenzisa zonke izingxenye ezidliwayo zezithelo nemifino (isb., iziqu ze-broccoli)
• uthenga umgqomo womkhiqizo onqatshiwe uma isitolo sakho sasekhaya sinaso
• ukungathengi ukudla okuningi kunalokho okudingayo ngesikhathi esithile
• izinsuku zokuhlola kokudla okonakalayo ngaphambi kokuthenga
• ukuhlela ukudla kwakho kwesonto ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi uzothenga ini
• kumisa ukudla okonakala kalula ongeke ukusebenzise ngosuku olulandelayo noma ezimbili
• uhlela isiqandisi sakho nephenti lakho ukuze wazi onakho
• ukwenza isitoko ngamathambo nemifino esele
• ukwenza ubuciko ngezindlela zokupheka ukusebenzisa ukudla okuhlukahlukene ohleli khona

Enye inzuzo eyengeziwe yokwehlisa udoti wokudla ukuthi ingakusindisa nemali eningi kokudla.

Zama ukusebenzisa ezinye zezindlela ezingenhla ukuqala ukunciphisa imfucuza yokudla kanye nekhabhoni yakho.

Yize ukukhishwa kokukhiqizwa kokudla kungenakususwa, kunezindlela eziningi zokunciphisa kuzo. Izindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zokwenza lokhu zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kokulinganiswa kwenyama ebomvu, ukudla amaprotheni amaningi asuselwa ezitshalweni, nokunciphisa imfucuza yokudla.

Okubalulekile

Ukukhiqizwa kokudla kubhekele inani elikhulu lokukhishwa komhlaba ngokusetshenziswa komhlaba, amagesi abamba ukushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, nokugeleza komanyolo.

Yize singenakukugwema ngokuphelele lokhu, ukudla ngokuziphatha ngokweqile kunganciphisa kakhulu ukungcola kwakho kwekhabhoni.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwenza lokho zifaka phakathi ukwengamela ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ebomvu, ukudla amaprotheni amaningi asuselwa ezitshalweni, nokunciphisa imfucuza yokudla.

Ukuqaphela izinqumo zakho ezungeze ukudla kungasiza kakhulu ekuqhubekiseleni phambili indawo yokudla esimeme iminyaka ezayo.