Isifo Sikashukela: Amaqiniso, Izibalo, Nawe

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela
• Isifo sikashukela
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa
• Ukudlanga kanye nezehlakalo
• Izimbangela nezici zobungozi
• Izinkinga
• Izindleko zesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela yisikhathi seqembu lezinkinga ezibanga amazinga aphezulu kashukela (glucose) emzimbeni. I-Glucose ingumthombo obucayi wamandla ebuchosheni bakho, emisipheni, nakwizicubu zakho.

Uma udla, umzimba wakho uphula ama-carbohydrate abe yi-glucose. Lokhu kudala ukuthi amanyikwe akhiphe i-hormone ebizwa nge-insulin. I-insulini isebenza "njengokhiye" ovumela i-glucose ukuthi ingene kumaseli egazini. Uma umzimba wakho ungakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele ukuphatha ngempumelelo i-glucose, awukwazi ukusebenza noma ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuveza izimpawu zesifo sikashukela.

Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa singaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ngokulimaza imithambo yegazi nezitho zomzimba. Kungakhuphula ubungozi be:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• unhlangothi
• isifo sezinso
• ukulimala kwemizwa
• isifo samehlo

Ukudla okunomsoco nokuzivocavoca umzimba kungasiza ukuphatha isifo sikashukela, kodwa futhi kubalulekile ukulandela ngomkhondo amazinga eglucose egazini. Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukuthatha i-insulin noma eminye imithi.

Izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela

Nakhu ukonakala kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo sikashukela:

• Isifo sikashukela. Izinga le-glucose yegazi liphakeme kunalokho okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile, kodwa hhayi phezulu ngokwanele ukuze ufaneleke njengesifo sikashukela.
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala. Ama-pancreas akhiqizi i-insulin.
• Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2. Ama-pancreas awenzi i-insulin eyanele noma umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngempumelelo.
• Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa. Omama abalindelwe abakwazi ukwenza nokusebenzisa yonke i-insulin abayidingayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Isifo sikashukela

Ngokusho kwe-American Diabetes Association (ADA), abantu abahlakulela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela cishe bahlala benama-prediabetes. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amazinga eglucose egazi aphakanyisiwe, kepha awakabi phezulu ngokwanele ukuthi angabhekwa njengesifo sikashukela. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abadala baseMelika bane-prediabetes, kanti amaphesenti angama-90 awatholakali.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sokuqala

Ngohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amanyikwe awakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Ngokusho kwe-ADA, abantu baseMelika abayizigidi eziyi-1,25 banale nkinga. Lokhu cishe ngamaphesenti ama-5 azo zonke iziguli ezitholakele. I-ADA ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abangama-40,000 bathola uhlobo 1 lokuxilongwa unyaka nonyaka e-United States.

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sesi-2

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sikashukela.Ngalesi sifo, amanyikwe angaqala akhiqize i-insulin, kepha amaseli omzimba wakho awakwazi ukuphendula kuwo ngempumelelo. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin. Amanothi ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90 kuya kwangu-95 amacala atholakala ukuthi angohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa

Leli fomu lesifo sikashukela likhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi phakathi kokukhulelwa e-United States kuthinteka isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa minyaka yonke. Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), abesifazane abanesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bazoba nethuba elikhulu lokuthola uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi.

Ukudlanga kanye nezehlakalo

Ngokusho kwalaba, abantu abadala abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu e-United States baphila nesifo sikashukela noma ama-prediabetes. Bayazi ukuthi ku-2015,, noma cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 wabantu, babenesifo sikashukela. Kuleyo mali, i-ADA ilinganisela ukuthi izigidi eziyi-7.2 zazingazi ukuthi banayo.

Ama-CDC akhombisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela kwabaseMelika abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu kuyanda, kanti ukuxilongwa okusha kwenzeka cishe ngonyaka. Lezo zinombolo zazilingana nabesilisa nabesifazane.

Izimbangela nezici zobungozi

Phambilini eyaziwa njengesifo sikashukela sentsha, uhlobo 1 sikashukela sitholakala ebuntwaneni. Cishe amaphesenti ama-5 kuphela abantu abanesifo sikashukela abane-type 1, kulinganiselwa i-ADA.

Ngenkathi izinto ezinjengofuzo kanye namagciwane athile zingaba nomthelela kulesi sifo, imbangela yaso ngqo ayaziwa. Alikho ikhambi lamanje noma yikuphi ukuvimbela okwaziwayo, kepha kukhona izindlela zokwelapha ezisiza ukuphatha izimpawu.

Ingozi yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili iyanda njengoba ukhula. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uyihlakulele uma ngabe uke waba nesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa noma ama-prediabetes. Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zibandakanya ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukuba nomlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela.

Ngenkathi ungeke uqede ngokuphelele ubungozi besifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2, ukudla okunempilo, ukulawula isisindo, nokuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ukukuvimbela.

Izinhlanga ezithile zisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, futhi. Lokhu:

• Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika
• AbaseSpanishi / baseLatino-baseMelika
• Abomdabu baseMelika
• Iziqhingi zaseHawaii / Pacific zaseMelika
• Abase-Asia-baseMelika

Izinkinga

Ukungaboni kuyinkinga ejwayelekile yesifo sikashukela. I-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi, iyimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokungaboni phakathi kwabantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokulahleka kombono phakathi kwabantu abadala abaneminyaka yokusebenza, ngokusho kweNational Eye Institute.

Isifo sikashukela siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokuhluleka kwezinso. Ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa, noma i-neuropathy, kuthinta ingxenye enkulu yabantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Abantu abaningi abanesifo sikashukela abanokuthinteka ukuzwa ezandleni nasezinyaweni, noma i-carpal tunnel syndrome. Isifo sikashukela singadala nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile. Izimo ziphinde zenyuse ingozi yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Isifo sikashukela singaholela nasekunqunyweni kwesitho esingezansi.

Ngokusho kwe-ADA, isifo sikashukela siyimbangela yesikhombisa yokufa kwabantu e-United States.

Izindleko zesifo sikashukela

Ngeminye imininingwane, hlola imihlahlandlela yethu yezempilo yohlobo 1 kanye nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela.