Ukudla Okufanele Kugwenywe Nge-Atrial Fibrillation

-Delile

• Ukudla okufanele sikugweme
• Utshwala
• Ikhafeyini
• Amafutha
• Usawoti
• Ushukela
• Uvithamini K
• I-Gluten
• Isithelo segilebhisi
• Ukudla okulungele i-AFib
• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Yidla i-AFib
• Okubalulekile

I-Atrial fibrillation (AFib) yenzeka lapho ukupompa okujwayelekile kwesigqi kwamagumbi aphezulu enhliziyo, abizwa nge-atria, kwehla.

Esikhundleni sokushaya kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile, i-atria pulse, noma i-fibrillate, ngesilinganiso esisheshayo noma esingajwayelekile.

Ngenxa yalokho, inhliziyo yakho ayisebenzi kahle futhi kufanele isebenze kanzima.

I-AFib ingakhuphula ubungozi bomuntu bokushaywa unhlangothi nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, zombili lezi ezingaba yingozi uma zingelashwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo.

Ngokungeziwe ekwelashweni okufana nokulamula, ukuhlinzwa, nezinye izinqubo, kunezinguquko ezithile zendlela yokuphila, njengokudla kwakho, ezingasiza ukuphatha i-AFib.

Lo mbhalo ubuyekeza lokho okushiwo ubufakazi bamanje ngokudla kwakho ne-AFib, kufaka phakathi ukuthi yimiphi imihlahlandlela okufanele ilandelwe nokuthi yikuphi ukudla okufanele kukugwebe.

Ukudla okufanele sikugweme

Okunye ukudla kungathinta kabi impilo yenhliziyo yakho futhi kukhonjiswe ukuthi kwandisa ubungozi bezinkinga zenhliziyo, njenge-AFib, kanye nesifo senhliziyo.

Ukudla okuphezulu kokudla okucutshungulwayo, njengokudla okusheshayo, nezinto ezinoshukela owengeziwe, njenge-soda nempahla ebhakwe enoshukela, kuxhunywe engozini yesifo senhliziyo (()).

Zingaholela nakweminye imiphumela engemihle yezempilo njengokuzuza kwesisindo, isifo sikashukela, ukwehla kwengqondo, kanye nomdlavuza othile ().

Funda ukuze ufunde ukuthi yikuphi ukudla neziphuzo okufanele ukuzigweme.

Utshwala

Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-AFib.

Kungaphinde kudale iziqephu ze-AFib kubantu asebavele bane-AFib, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi noma isifo sikashukela ().

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kungasiza ekutheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nokuphefumula okungaphazamisi ukulala (i-SDB) - zonke izinto eziyingozi kwi-AFib (5).

Yize ukuphuza ngokweqile kuyingozi kakhulu, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngisho ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kungaba yingozi ku-AFib (6).

Ubufakazi bamuva nje bukhombisa ukuthi abantu abanamathela emikhawulweni enconyiwe - iziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku zamadoda nesiphuzo esisodwa sabesifazane - abasengozini enkulu ye-AFib (7).

Uma une-AFib, kungcono ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho kotshwala. Kodwa ukuhamba nge-turkey ebandayo kungaba ukubheja kwakho okuphephe kakhulu.

Ucwaningo lwango-2020 luthole ukuthi ukuyeka utshwala kunciphise kakhulu ukuphindaphindeka kwe-arrhythmia kulabo abaphuza njalo abane-AFib (8).

Ikhafeyini

Eminyakeni edlule, ochwepheshe baphikisana ngokuthi i-caffeine ibathinta kanjani abantu abane-AFib.

Eminye imikhiqizo equkethe i-caffeine ifaka phakathi:

• ikhofi
• itiye
• guarana
• isoda
• iziphuzo zamandla

Kwaphela iminyaka, bekuyinto ejwayelekile ukuncoma ukuthi abantu abane-AFib bagweme i-caffeine.

Kepha izifundo eziningi zemitholampilo zehlulekile ukukhombisa noma yikuphi ukuxhumana phakathi kokudla kwe-caffeine kanye neziqephu ze-AFib (,). Eqinisweni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-caffeine ejwayelekile kunganciphisa ingozi yakho ye-AFib ().

Yize ukuphuza ikhofi kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi nokumelana ne-insulin ekuqaleni, izifundo zesikhathi eside zithole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi ejwayelekile akuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yenhliziyo ().

Ucwaningo lwango-2019 luthole ukuthi abesilisa ababike ukuthi baphuza izinkomishi zekhofi ezi-1 kuya kwezi-3 ngosuku babesengozini ephansi ye-AFib (13).

Ukusebenzisa ama-milligram angama-300 (mg) we-caffeine - noma izinkomishi ezi-3 zekhofi - ngosuku ngokuvamile kuphephile (14).

Noma kunjalo, ukuphuza iziphuzo zamandla kungenye indaba.

Lokho kungenxa yokuthi iziphuzo zamandla ziqukethe i-caffeine ezindaweni eziphakeme kunekhofi netiye. Zilayishwa noshukela namanye amakhemikhali angakhuthaza uhlelo lwezinhliziyo ().

Izifundo eziningi zokubuka kanye nemibiko kuxhumanise ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo zamandla nemicimbi emibi yenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi i-arrhythmias kanye nokufa okungazelelwe kwenhliziyo (16, 17, 18, 19).

Uma une-AFib, ungahle uthande ukugwema iziphuzo zamandla, kepha inkomishi yekhofi ilungile.

Amafutha

Ukuba nokukhuluphala nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho be-AFib, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi udle ukudla okunomsoco.

Izazi ze-Cardiologists zingancoma ukuthi wehlise izinhlobo ezithile zamafutha uma une-AFib.

Olunye ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele kanye nama-trans kungahle kuhlotshaniswe nengozi eyengeziwe ye-AFib nezinye izimo zenhliziyo (,).

Ukudla okufana nebhotela, ushizi nenyama ebomvu kunenani eliphakeme lamafutha agcwele.

Amafutha weTrans atholakala ku:

• imajarini
• ukudla okwenziwe ngoyela wemifino ongenayo i-hydrogenated
• ama-cracker athile namakhukhi
• amazambane amazambane
• ama-donuts
• okunye ukudla okuthosiwe

Ucwaningo lwango-2015 luthole ukuthi ukudla okunamafutha agcwele futhi aphansi kuma-acid e-monounsaturated fatty kuhlotshaniswa nengozi enkulu yokuphikelela noma okungapheli kwe-AFib ().

Amafutha we-Monounsaturated atholakala ekudleni kwezitshalo, kufaka phakathi:

• amantongomane
• ukwatapheya
• Amafutha e-Olive

Kepha ukushintshanisa amafutha agcwele okuthile kungenzeki kube ukulungiswa okungcono kakhulu.

Ucwaningo lwango-2017 luthole ubungozi obandayo be-AFib emadodeni afake amafutha agcwele ngamafutha e-polyunsaturated.

Kodwa-ke, okunye kuxhumanise ukudla okuphezulu kumafutha e-omega-3 polyunsaturated anobungozi obuphansi be-AFib.

Kungenzeka ukuthi imithombo ephansi kakhulu yamafutha we-polyunsaturated, njengamafutha ommbila namafutha wesoya, inemiphumela ehlukile engcupheni ye-AFib kunemithombo enempilo yamafutha we-polyunsaturated afana ne-salmon nama-sardine.

Ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu luyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi amafutha we-polyunsaturated ayithinta kanjani ingozi ye-AFib.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, uma ungazange uthole ukudla okunempilo kakhulu esikhathini esedlule, sisekhona isikhathi sokuguqula izinto.

Abaphenyi base-Australia bathole ukuthi abantu abanesisindo sokukhuluphala abathola ukulahleka kwesisindo okungu-10% banganciphisa noma bahlehlise ukuqhubeka kwemvelo kwe-AFib (23).

Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokubhekana nesisindo eseqile nokuthuthukisa impilo yenhliziyo yonke, zifaka:

• ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okusetshenzisiwe okunama-kilojoule amaningi
• ukwandisa ukudla kwe-fiber ngendlela yemifino, izithelo, nobhontshisi,
• ukusika ushukela ongeziwe

Usawoti

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ukudla nge-sodium kungakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-AFib (24).

Lokho kungenxa yokuthi usawoti ungakhuphula umfutho wegazi ().

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ungacishe uwaphindaphinde amathuba akho okuba ne-AFib ().

Ukunciphisa i-sodium ekudleni kwakho kungakusiza:

• gcina impilo yenhliziyo
• yehlisa igazi umfutho wakho
• ukunciphisa ingozi yakho ye-AFib

Ukudla okuningi okusetshenzisiwe nokubandayo kusebenzisa usawoti omningi njenge-agent yokulondoloza nokunambitheka. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda amalebula bese uzama ukunamathela kokudla okusha nokudla okunosawoti ophansi noma okungekho usawoti ongeziwe.

Amakhambi amasha nezinongo kungagcina ukudla kunambitheka ngaphandle kwayo yonke i-sodium eyengeziwe.

Okuncoma ukuthi kudliwe ngaphansi kuka-2,300 mg we-sodium ngosuku njengengxenye yokudla okunempilo ().

Ushukela

Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba angama-40% okuthuthukisa i-AFib uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela.

Ochwepheshe akucaci ukuthi yini ebangela ukuxhumana phakathi kwesifo sikashukela ne-AFib.

Kodwa amazinga aphezulu eglucose, okuyisibonakaliso sikashukela, angaba yingxenye.

Ucwaningo lwango-2019 eChina lwathola ukuthi izakhamizi ezingaphezu kwama-35 ezinamazinga aphakeme eglucose egazi (EBG) kungenzeka ukuthi zithole i-AFib uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhamizi ezingenayo i-EBG.

Ukudla okunoshukela omkhulu kungakhuphula amazinga eglucose egazini lakho.

Ukudla ukudla okunoshukela njalo kungahle kudale ukuthi ukumelana ne-insulin kukhule, okwandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuba nesifo sikashukela ().

Ucwaningo oluningi luyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi amazinga eglucose egazi angathinta kanjani i-AFib.

Zama ukukhawulela:

• isoda
• izimpahla ezibhakiwe ezinoshukela
• eminye imikhiqizo equkethe ushukela omningi owengeziwe

Uvithamini K

UVitamin K uyiqembu lamavithamini ancibilikiswa ngamafutha adlala indima ebalulekile ku:

• ukujiya kwegazi
• impilo yethambo
• impilo yenhliziyo

UVitamin K ukhona emikhiqizweni efaka:

• imifino eluhlaza okotshani, njengesipinashi kanye ne-kale
• ukholifulawa
• iparsley
• itiye eliluhlaza
• isibindi sethole

Njengoba abantu abaningi abane-AFib besengozini yokushaywa unhlangothi, banqunyelwa abahlinza igazi ukusiza ukuvimbela amahlule egazi.

I-warfarin ejwayelekile yegazi (Coumadin) isebenza ngokuvimba uvithamini K ekuvuseleleni, imise ukuphuma kwegazi.

Esikhathini esedlule, abantu abane-AFib baxwayisiwe ukuthi banciphise amazinga kavithamini K ngoba anganciphisa ukusebenza kwegazi elinciphile.

Kepha ubufakazi bamanje abusekeli ukuguqula ukusetshenziswa kwakho kukavithamini K ().

Esikhundleni salokho, kungasiza kakhulu ukugcina amazinga kavithamini K ezinzile, ukugwema izinguquko ezinkulu ekudleni kwakho ().

Kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokukhuphula noma ukunciphisa ukuncipha kwakho uvithamini K.

Uma uthatha i-warfarin, phinda ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ushintshele ku-anticoagulant yomlomo engeyona i-vitamin K (NOAC) ukuze lokhu kusebenzisana kungabi yinkinga.

Izibonelo zama-NOAC zifaka:

• Isi-Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
• i-Rivaroxaban powder (i-Xarelto)
• i-apixaban (Eliquis)

I-Gluten

I-Gluten wuhlobo olulodwa lwamaprotheni kukolweni, i-rye nebhali. Kutholakala kumikhiqizo efaka:

• izinkwa
• ipasta
• ama-condiment
• ukudla okuningi okuhlanganisiwe

Uma ungabekezeleli i-gluten noma unesifo seCeliac noma ukungezwani nokolweni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-gluten noma ukolweni kungadala ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wakho.

Ukuvuvukala kungathinta i-vagus nerve yakho. Le nzwa ingaba nomthelela omkhulu enhliziyweni yakho futhi ikwenze uthambekele kakhulu kwizimpawu ze-AFib ().

Ezifundweni ezimbili ezihlukene, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abantu abanesifo se-celiac esingalashwa banesikhathi eside sokulibaziseka kwe-atrial electromechanical (EMD) (32).

I-EMD isho ukubambezeleka phakathi kokuqala kokutholakala komsebenzi kagesi enhliziyweni nokuqala kokuncipha.

I-EMD iyisibikezelo esibalulekile se-AFib (,).

Uma izinkinga zokugaya ezihlobene ne-gluten noma ukuvuvukala kwenza i-AFib yakho isebenze, ukunciphisa i-gluten ekudleni kwakho kungakusiza ukuthi ulawulwe yi-AFib.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ukholelwa ukuthi unokuzwela kwe-gluten noma ukungezwani nokolweni.

Isithelo segilebhisi

Ukudla i-grapefruit kungahle kungabi umqondo omuhle uma une-AFib futhi uthatha imishanguzo ukuyelapha.

Ijusi lamagilebhisi liqukethe ikhemikhali enamandla ebizwa nge-naringenin (33).

Ucwaningo lwakudala lukhombisile ukuthi leli khemikhali lingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwemithi elwa nesondo efana ne-amiodarone (Cordarone) ne-dofetilide (Tikosyn) (35,).

Ijusi lamagilebhisi lingathinta nokuthi eminye imithi ingena kanjani egazini elivela emathunjini.

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lwamanje luyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi isithelo samagilebhisi singayithinta kanjani imishanguzo yokulwa nesigamu.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokudla isithelo samagilebhisi ngenkathi usebenzisa imithi.

Ukudla okulungele i-AFib

Ukudla okuthile kuzuzisa kakhulu impilo yohlelo lwezinhliziyo futhi kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ().

Kubandakanya:

• amafutha anempilo afana ne-omega-3 fish fatty, avocado, namafutha omnqumo
• izithelo nemifino enikeza imithombo egxilile yamavithamini, amaminerali, kanye nama-antioxidants
• ukudla okune-fiber eningi njenge-oats, ifilakisi, amantongomane, imbewu, izithelo nemifino

Izifundo eziningi zikhombisile ukuthi ukudla kwaseMedithera (ukudla okunenhlanzi eningi, uwoyela womnqumo, izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele namantongomane) kungasiza ukunciphisa ubungozi be-AFib (38).

Ucwaningo lwango-2018 luthole ukuthi ukunezela ekudleni kwaseMedithera ngamafutha omnqumo angakafi noma amantongomane kwehlisa ubungozi balowo obambe iqhaza emicimbini emikhulu yenhliziyo uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okunamafutha ancishisiwe.

Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni nakho kungaba yithuluzi elibalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuphatha nokunciphisa izinto eziyingozi ezihambisana ne-AFib ().

Ukudla okususelwa ezitshalweni kunganciphisa izinto eziningi zobungozi bendabuko ezihambisana ne-AFib, njengokuthola umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-hyperthyroidism, ukukhuluphala, nesifo sikashukela ().

Ngaphezu kokudla ukudla okuthile, izakhamzimba ezithile kanye namaminerali kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-AFib.

Kubandakanya:

Magnesium

Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphansi we-magnesium emzimbeni wakho angaba nomthelela omubi esigqi senhliziyo yakho.

Kulula ukuthola i-magnesium eyengeziwe ekudleni kwakho ngokudla okunye kokudla okulandelayo:

• amantongomane, ikakhulukazi ama-alimondi noma ama-cashews
• amakinati nebhotela lamantongomane
• isipinashi
• ukwatapheya
• okusanhlamvu okuphelele
• iyogathi

Potassium

Ehlangothini le-flip le-sodium eyeqile ubungozi be-potassium ephansi. I-Potassium ibalulekile empilweni yenhliziyo ngoba ivumela imisipha ukuthi isebenze kahle.

Abantu abaningi bangaba namazinga aphansi e-potassium ngenxa yokudla okungalingani noma ekuthatheni imishanguzo ethile efana ne-diuretics.

Amazinga aphansi e-potassium angakhuphula ubungozi bakho be-arrhythmia ().

Eminye imithombo emihle ye-potassium ihlanganisa:

• izithelo, ezinjengokwatapheya, ubhanana, amabhilikosi namawolintshi
• izimpande imifino, njengamazambane namabhontshisi
• amanzi kakhukhunathi
• utamatisi
• umlimi
• Ugalonci

Ngoba i-potassium ingasebenzisana nemithi ethile, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokungeza i-potassium eningi ekudleni kwakho.

Ukudla okuthile nokukhethwa kokudla okunempilo kuyasiza kakhulu ekusizeni ukuphatha i-AFib nokuvikela izimpawu nezinkinga. Landela le mihlahlandlela lapho unquma ukuthi uzodlani:

Yidla i-AFib

• Ukudla kwasekuseni, khetha ukudla okuphelele, okune-fiber eningi njengezithelo, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amantongomane, imbewu, nemifino. Isibonelo sokudla kwasekuseni okunempilo kungaba i-oatmeal engenashukela enamajikijolo, ama-alimondi, imbewu ye-chia, kanye nodoli we-yogurt yamaGreek enamafutha aphansi.
• Nciphisa ukudla kwakho usawoti kanye ne-sodium. Hlela ukunciphisa isilinganiso sakho se-sodium sibe ngaphansi kuka-2,300 mg ngosuku.
• Gwema ukudla inyama eningi kakhulu noma ubisi olunamafutha agcwele, oluqukethe amafutha amaningi ezilwane agcwele.
• Hlela ukukhiqizwa kwamaphesenti angama-50 esidlweni ngasinye ukusiza ukondla umzimba nokuhlinzeka nge-fiber nokusutha.
• Gcina izingxenye zakho zincane futhi ugweme ukudla ngaphandle kweziqukathi. Khipha izingxenye ezilodwa zokudla okulula okuthandayo esikhundleni salokho.
• Yeqa ukudla okuthosiwe noma okumbozwe ibhotela noma ushukela.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho kwe-caffeine notshwala.
• Khumbula ukudla kwakho amaminerali abalulekile, njenge-magnesium ne-potassium.

Okubalulekile

Ukugwema noma ukunciphisa ukudla okuthile nokunakekela impilo yakho kungakusiza ukuthi uphile impilo esebenzayo ne-AFib.

Ukuze unciphise ubungozi beziqephu ze-AFib, cabanga ukwamukela ukudla kweMedithera noma okutshalwe ezitshalweni.

Ungase futhi ufune ukunciphisa ukudla kwakho amafutha agcwele, usawoti, noshukela ongeziwe.

Ukudla okunempilo kungasiza ezimeni zempilo ezingaphansi, ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu nokukhuluphala.

Ngokukhuluma ngalezi zimo zezempilo, unganciphisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-AFib.

Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi nokuxhumana kokudla.