Ukuthinta Kanjani Utshwala: Umhlahlandlela Wokuphuza Ngokuphepha

-Delile

• Ukumuncwa kotshwala kanye ne-metabolism
• Indlela umzimba obugaya ngayo utshwala
• Yini ebangela lowo muzwa we-tipsy?
• Yini ebangela ama-hangovers?
• Ukuhlushwa kwegazi kotshwala (BAC)
• Imikhawulo yezomthetho futhi engekho emthethweni ye-BAC
• Izinga lokudakwa kwabesilisa nabesifazane
• Siyini isiphuzo esijwayelekile?
• Izincomo ezilinganiselwe zokuphuza
• Lapho ukuphuza kuba yingozi
• Izingozi zezempilo zotshwala
• Abantu okufanele bagweme utshwala
• Ukubonana nodokotela nini
• Ukuthatha

Noma ngabe uchitha isikhathi nabangane noma uzama ukuphumula ngemuva kosuku olude, abaningi bethu bayakujabulela ukuba ne-cocktail noma ukuqhekeza ubhiya obandayo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngenkathi ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela kungeke kube yingozi, ukuphuza ngokweqile kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo.

Kodwa utshwala buwuthinta kanjani umzimba wakho? Ngakanani utshwala obuningi? Futhi zikhona izindlela zokuphuza ngokuphepha? Qhubeka ufunde njengoba sihlola izimpendulo zale mibuzo nokuningi ngezansi.

Ukumuncwa kotshwala kanye ne-metabolism

Lapho siphuza utshwala, indawo yokuqala eya kuyo isisu. Kulapha lapho utshwala buqala khona ukungena egazini lakho.

Uma ungenakho ukudla esiswini sakho, kungenzeka ukuthi utshwala buzodlulela emathunjini akho amancane ngokushesha. Amathumbu amancane anendawo ephakeme kakhulu yokumuncwa kunesisu sakho, okusho ukuthi utshwala buzongena egazini lakho ngokushesha.

Uma ngabe udlile, isisu sakho sizogxila ekugayeni ukudla. Ngakho-ke, utshwala buzophuma esiswini sakho kancane kancane.

Lapho segazini, utshwala bungadlulela kwezinye izitho zomzimba, kufaka phakathi isibindi. Isibindi sinesibopho sokuphula iningi lotshwala obudlayo.

Indlela umzimba obugaya ngayo utshwala

Ngaphakathi kwesibindi, utshwala buhlanganiswa, noma buhlukaniswe, ngenqubo yezinyathelo ezimbili:

• Isinyathelo 1: I-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-alcohol dehydrogenase yephula utshwala ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetaldehyde.
• Isinyathelo 2: I-enzyme ehlukile yesibindi ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase iphula utshwala bube yi-acetic acid.

Amaseli womzimba wakho aphula i-acetic acid iye phambili iye ku-carbon dioxide nasemanzini. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingasuswa kalula emzimbeni wakho ngezinqubo ezifana nokuchama nokuphefumula.

Yini ebangela lowo muzwa we-tipsy?

Ngakho-ke yini ngempela esinika lowo muzwa wethiphu, wokudakwa? Isibindi sakho singaxuba utshwala obuningi ngasikhathi, okusho ukuthi utshwala bungahamba phakathi kwegazi buye kwezinye izitho, njengobuchopho.

Utshwala buyisidina sohlelo lwakho oluphakathi lwezinzwa (CNS). Lokho kusho ukuthi kunomphumela okwehlisayo ebuchosheni bakho.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-neurons asebuchosheni bakho acisha imizwa yezinzwa kancane kancane. Lokhu kungaholela ezintweni ezifana nokwahlulela okungahambisani kahle noma ukuxhumanisa okuhambisana nokudakwa.

Utshwala bungabuye bukhuthaze ukukhishwa kwama-neurotransmitters afana ne-serotonin ne-dopamine. La ma-neurotransmitter ahlotshaniswa nobumnandi nomvuzo futhi angaholela emizweni efana nenjabulo noma ukuphumula.

Le mizwa ijoyinwa ezinye izimpawu zomzimba zokudakwa njengokufutha, ukujuluka, nokwanda kokuchama.

Yini ebangela ama-hangovers?

I-hangover yenzeka ngemuva kokuphuza kakhulu utshwala. Izimpawu zingase zingathandeki futhi zingahluka ngomuntu. Nakhu okwenza i-hangover ibangele:

• Ukuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni. Ukuphuza utshwala kubangela ukwanda kokuchama, okuholela ekulahlekelweni uketshezi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphathweni ikhanda, ukukhathala, nokuzizwa womile.
• Ukucasulwa kwepheshana le-GI. Utshwala bucasula ulwelwesi lwesisu, okuholela enhlizweni nasobuhlungu besisu.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Ukuphuza kuvame ukuholela ekulaleni okungafanele, okungakhuphula imizwa yokukhathala noma yokukhathala.
• Ushukela wegazi ophansi. Utshwala bungaholela ekubeni noshukela ophansi egazini, ongaholela ekutheni uzizwe ukhathele, ubuthakathaka noma uqhaqhazela.
• I-Acetaldehyde. I-Acetaldehyde (ikhemikhali elenziwe ngotshwala obuguqula umzimba wakho) linobuthi futhi lingafaka isandla ekuvukeleni emzimbeni wakho, okungakwenza uzizwe sengathi uyagula.
• Ukuhoxa okuncane. Utshwala bunamandla okuvimbela i-CNS yakho. Lapho utshwala buphela, i-CNS yakho ayisekho ebhalansi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuzizweni ucasuke ngokwengeziwe noma ukhathazeke.

Ukuhlushwa kwegazi kotshwala (BAC)

Ukuhlushwa kotshwala egazini (BAC) iphesenti lotshwala egazini lomuntu. Njengoba uphuza utshwala obengeziwe, buya bungena egazini lakho.

Ziningi izinto ezithinta indlela utshwala obumunca futhi buhlanganiswe ngayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ucansi. Ngenxa yokwehluka kwesisindo sokuphuza utshwala, abesifazane bavame ukuba ne-BAC ephezulu kunamadoda ngemuva kweziphuzo ezifanayo.
• Isisindo. Ngemuva kwenani elifanayo leziphuzo, abantu abanesisindo somzimba esiphezulu maningi amathuba okuthi babe ne-BAC ephansi kunomuntu onesisindo somzimba esiphansi.
• Ubudala. Abantu abasha bangase bangazweli kakhulu eminye yemiphumela yotshwala.
• Impilo isiyonke nokuthi unemibandela yezempilo eyisisekelo. Ezinye izimo zingathinta amandla omzimba wokugaya utshwala.
• Amazinga we-alcohol metabolism nokubekezelelana. Izinga le-metabolism yotshwala nezinga lokubekezelela utshwala lingahluka phakathi kwabantu.

Izici eziningana zangaphandle zingathinta namazinga akho otshwala egazini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• uhlobo namandla ophuzo oludakayo
• izinga ophuze ngalo utshwala
• inani lotshwala oke waba nalo
• ngabe udlile noma cha
• uma usebenzisa utshwala nezinye izidakamizwa noma imishanguzo

Imikhawulo yezomthetho futhi engekho emthethweni ye-BAC

Izwe laseMelika lichaze “umkhawulo osemthethweni” weBAC. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ungaphezu komkhawulo osemthethweni, ungaphansi kwezinhlawulo ezisemthethweni ezifana nokuboshwa noma ukulahlwa yicala kwe-DUI.

E-United States, umkhawulo we-BAC osemthethweni ungamaphesenti ayi-0.08. Umkhawulo osemthethweni wabashayeli bezimoto ezithengisayo uphansi kakhulu - amaphesenti ayi-0.04.

Izinga lokudakwa kwabesilisa nabesifazane

Ingabe ikhona indlela ongatshela ngayo izinga lakho lokudakwa? Ukuphela kwendlela amazinga we-BAC angalinganiswa ngayo ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-breathalyzer noma ukuhlolwa kotshwala begazi.

Amashadi angezansi angasiza ekubhekisweni. Zikhombisa isisindo, imikhawulo esemthethweni, namazinga okudakwa kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Izinga lephesenti lotshwala egazini kwabesilisa.

Izinga lephesenti lotshwala egazini kwabesifazane.

Siyini isiphuzo esijwayelekile?

Ngokusho kuka, isiphuzo esijwayelekile sichazwa njengama-gramu ayi-14 (noma ama-oun ayi-0.6) otshwala obumsulwa.

Khumbula ukuthi amazinga otshwala angahluka ngesiphuzo esithile. Isibonelo, ngale mihlahlandlela, ama-ounces ayi-12 kabhiya ongamaphesenti ayi-8 ngobuchwepheshe kungaphezu kwesisodwa isiphuzo. Ngokufanayo, isiphuzo esixubekile njenge-margarita kungenzeka sineziphuzo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Izincomo ezilinganiselwe zokuphuza

Ngakho-ke yiziphi ezinye iziqondiso ezinhle zamazinga okuphuza alinganiselayo? ichaza ukuphuza ngokulingene njengesiphuzo esingu-1 ngosuku kwabesifazane neziphuzo ezi-2 ngosuku kwabesilisa.

Ukuphuza okulingene kuchazwa njengokuphuza okungu-1 ngosuku kwabesifazane neziphuzo ezi-2 ngosuku kwabesilisa.

Le mihlahlandlela ivame ukuphepha kubantu abaningi. Ezinye izincomo zokusetshenziswa kotshwala okuphephile zifaka:

• Qiniseka ukuthi ungaphuzi esiswini esingenalutho. Ukuba nokudla esiswini ngenkathi uphuza kunganciphisa ukumuncwa kotshwala.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uhlala unamanzi amaningi. Zama ukuphuza ingilazi egcwele yamanzi phakathi kwesiphuzo ngasinye.
• Sip kancane. Zama ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa kwakho isiphuzo esisodwa ngehora.
• Yazi imikhawulo yakho. Nquma ukuthi zingaki iziphuzo ohlela ukuba nazo ngaphambi kokuqala. Ungavumeli abanye bakucindezele ukuthi uphuze kakhulu.

Lapho ukuphuza kuba yingozi

Ngenkathi ukuphuza ngokulinganisela kungeke kube yingozi kubantu abaningi, ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukuphuza okungapheli kungaba yingozi. Ngabe ukuphuza kuba yinkinga nini?

Ukuphuza okunenkinga kufaka lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile, okuchazwa njengeziphuzo ezi-4 emahoreni ama-2 kwabesifazane neziphuzo ezi-5 emahoreni ama-2 abesilisa.
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile, okuphuza iziphuzo eziyi-8 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto kwabesifazane neziphuzo eziyi-15 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto kwabesilisa.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa utshwala, okubandakanya izimpawu ezinjengokwehluleka ukunqanda ukuphuza kwakho, okudinga utshwala obuningi ukuze kufezeke umphumela oyifunayo, nokuqhubeka nokuphuza yize kunemiphumela emibi empilweni yakho.

Izingozi zezempilo zotshwala

Kunezingozi eziningi ezingaba khona empilweni ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• ubuthi botshwala
• ingozi yokulimala noma yokufa ngenkathi udakiwe
• ukwanda kwamathuba okuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi kobulili, njengokuya ocansini ngaphandle kwekhondomu noma ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela
• ukwenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba, kukwenze uthambekele ekuguleni
• isifo senhliziyo, esifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sohlangothi
• isifo sesibindi, njenge-hepatitis yotshwala kanye ne-cirrhosis
• izingqinamba zokugaya ukudla, ezifana nezilonda kanye ne-pancreatitis
• ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza ohlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi lawo wesibindi, i-colon, nesifuba
• izingqinamba zezinzwa, kufaka phakathi i-neuropathy kanye nokuwohloka komqondo
• izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka

Abantu okufanele bagweme utshwala

Kunamanye amaqembu okufanele agweme ukuphuza ngokuphelele. Kubandakanya:

• abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala yokuphuza ngokusemthethweni, engama-21 e-United States
• abesifazane abakhulelwe
• abantu abalulama enkingeni yokusebenzisa utshwala
• abantu abahlela ukushayela, ukusebenzisa imishini, noma ukubamba iqhaza komunye umsebenzi odinga ukusebenzisana nokuqapha
• abantu abathatha imishanguzo engaba nokuxhumana okungalungile notshwala
• abantu abanesimo sempilo esiyisisekelo esingathinteka kabi ngotshwala

Ukubonana nodokotela nini

Kufanele ubone udokotela uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma othandekayo kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzisa kabi utshwala. Bheka lezi zimpawu:

• Uzizwa sengathi uphuza kakhulu noma awukwazi ukulawula ukuphuza kwakho.
• Uthola ukuthi uchitha isikhathi esiningi ucabanga ngotshwala noma uzama ukuthola utshwala.
• Uqaphele ukuthi ukuphuza kube nomthelela omubi empilweni yakho, kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wakho, impilo yakho yangasese, noma impilo yakho yezenhlalo.
• Umndeni, abangane, noma abathandekayo bazwakalise ukukhathazeka kwabo ngokuphuza kwakho.

Uma ukhomba nganoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela. Bangasebenzisana nawe ukuze bakhe isu lokukusiza uyeke ukuphuza.

Uma ubona lezi zimpawu kumngane noma othandekayo, ungesabi ukufinyelela futhi uveze ukukhathazeka kwakho. Ukubeka ukungenelela kungabasiza ukuthi babone ukuthi badinga ukuthola usizo lokuphuza kwabo.

Ukuthatha

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube nomthelela omubi empilweni yakho. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala kungaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene eyingozi.

Uma ukhetha ukuphuza, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwenze ngokuphepha. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokunciphisa ukudla kwakho, ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi, nokungaphuzi ngaphezu kwamandla akho.

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi wena noma umuntu omthandayo usebenzisa kabi utshwala, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela. Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokuthola usizo, kufaka phakathi i-SAMHSA National Helpline (800-662-4357) kanye ne-NIAAA Alcohol Treatment Navigator.