I-Toxoplasmosis: kuyini, ukudluliswa, izinhlobo nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani

-Delile

• Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani
• Ukuphila kwe I-Toxoplasma gondii
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Izinhlobo ze-toxoplasmosis
• 1. I-toxoplasmosis enamehlo
• 2. I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa
• 3. I-toxoplasmosis yeCerebrospinal noma i-meningoencephalic
• Yelashwa kanjani
• Ukuvimbela i-toxoplasmosis

I-Toxoplasmosis, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi isifo sekati, yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa yi-protozoan I-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), enamakati njengomphathi wayo ocacile nabantu njengabalamuli. Isikhathi esiningi, ukutheleleka akubangeli zimpawu, kodwa-ke uma umuntu enamasosha omzimba ayekelelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi izimpawu nezimpawu zokutheleleka zikhona futhi kunengozi enkulu yokuthola izinhlobo ezinzima zalesi sifo.

Lesi sifo sidluliswa ikakhulukazi ngokudla ukudla okungcoliswe ama-cysts ama-parasite noma ngokuxhumana nendle yamakati analeli gciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-toxoplasmosis ingadluliselwa isuka kumama iye enganeni, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho lesi sifo singatholakali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukwelashwa kungenziwanga kahle.

Yize kungazibangeli izimpawu, kubalulekile ukuthi i-toxoplasmosis ikhonjwe futhi yelashwe ngokufanele ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela ukuvikela izinkinga, njengokungaboni, ukuxhuzula kanye nokufa, ngokwesibonelo.

Ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani

I-Toxoplasmosis ingadluliselwa ngokusetshenziswa kokudla okuluhlaza nokungahlanjululwa kahle, okufana nenyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe, engcoliswe indle yamakati athelelekile noma ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okungcoliswe ama-cyst ama-parasite.

Ukuthintana namakati onegciwane akwanele ukudluliswa kwe- I-Toxoplasma gondii, kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu axhumane nendle yala makati ukuze kwenzeke ukungcola, ngoba ukungcoliswa kungenzeka ngokuhogela noma ukumunca ifomu lokutheleleka ngesinanakazana. Ngakho-ke, lapho uhlanza ibhokisi lodoti wekati ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuzivikela, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuxhumana nefomu elithathelwanayo le-parasite.

Ngenxa yokuthi ifomu lokutheleleka le- T. gondii zikwazi ukuhlala zithathelana emhlabathini isikhathi eside, ezinye izilwane ezinjengezimvu, izinkabi nezingulube, ngokwesibonelo, nazo zingatheleleka nge-parasite, engena kumaseli emathumbu alezi zilwane.Ngakho-ke, lapho udla inyama engaphekiwe, lowo muntu angangcoliswa futhi I-Toxoplasma gondii. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwenyama eluhlaza, ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ebhemayo noma amasoseji angalungisiwe ngokuya ngezimo zenhlanzeko ezifanele, noma amanzi angcolile nakho kungabhekwa njengezindlela zokudlulisa lesi sifo.

Ukudluliswa kwe-toxoplasmosis kungenzeka futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngokudlula kwesinambuzane nge-placenta. Kodwa-ke, ukudluliswa kuncike esimweni somzimba sokukhulelwa sowesifazane okhulelwe kanye nesigaba sokukhulelwa: lapho owesifazane esesikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa futhi enamasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka, kunethuba elikhulu lokudlulisela lesi sifo enganeni, kepha imiphumela ibhekwa milder. Bona okuningi nge-toxoplasmosis ekukhulelweni.

Ukuphila kwe I-Toxoplasma gondii

Kubantu i- T. gondii linezigaba ezimbili zokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ezibizwa ngama-tachyzoites nama-bradyzoites, okuyindlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo etholakala enyameni eluhlaza yezilwane. Abantu bangakuthola ukutheleleka ngokuxhumana nama-cysts e-parasite akhona endle yamakati noma ngokudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe equkethe ama-bradyzoites.

Kokubili ama-cysts nama-bradyzoites akhipha ama-sporozoites angena kumaseli emathumbu bese enza inqubo yokuhlukanisa ibe ama-tachyzoites. Lawa ma-tachyzoites akhiqiza futhi aphazamise amaseli, akwazi ukusabalala emzimbeni wonke futhi ahlasele ezinye izicubu, akhe ama-cysts aqukethe ama-tachyzoite amaningana. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngemuva kokuphazanyiswa kwamaseli, ama-tachyzoite angawela i-placenta afinyelele enganeni, okuholele ekuthelelekeni.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Ezimweni eziningi, i-toxoplasmosis ayizibangeli izimpawu, kepha uma amasosha omzimba ephansi kungenzeka ukuthi izimpawu ezifana nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezifana nomkhuhlane nodenga, kungaba yizona eziyinhloko:

• Ulimi ngomzimba, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sentamo;
• Imfiva;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga;
• Ukukhathala;
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu nomphimbo;
• Amabala abomvu emzimbeni;
• Kunzima ukubona.

Izimpawu zivela kaningi kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengalabo abane-chemotherapy yomdlavuza, abasanda kufakelwa izitho, abaphatha igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, noma kwabesifazane abathole leli gciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, i-toxoplasmosis ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezitho ezinjengamaphaphu, inhliziyo, isibindi nobuchopho, futhi izimpawu zesimo esinzima imvamisa ukukhathala okukhulu, ukozela, ukukhohlisa nokunciphisa amandla nokunyakaza komzimba. Yazi ukuthi ungazibona kanjani izimpawu ze-toxoplasmosis.

Izinhlobo ze-toxoplasmosis

O I-Toxoplasma gondii ingasakazeka ngokuhamba kwegazi, ikakhulukazi lapho umuntu enamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka noma lapho ukwelashwa kwesifo kungaqalwa noma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, i-parasite ingafinyelela esithombeni esisodwa noma ngaphezulu, okwenza kube nezinkinga ezithile kanye nemiphumela yokutheleleka, njenge:

1. I-toxoplasmosis enamehlo

I-toxoplasmosis ye-Ocular yenzeka lapho i-parasite ifinyelela esweni futhi ithinte i-retina, idale ukuvuvukala okungaholela ekuphuphuthekeni uma kungalashwa ngesikhathi. Lesi sifo singathinta womabili amehlo, futhi ukukhubazeka kombono kungahluka iso ngalinye, ngokuncipha kokubona, ububomvu nobuhlungu esweni.

Le nkinga ivame ukwenzeka njengomphumela wokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kepha kungenzeka futhi kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka kakhulu, yize kungavamile.

2. I-toxoplasmosis yokuzalwa

I-toxoplasmosis ekukhulelweni ibangela i-toxoplasmosis ezalwe nayo, okuyilapho ingane itheleleka khona ngalesi sifo isisesibelethweni sikanina. I-Toxoplasmosis ekukhulelweni ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi, njengokukhubazeka kombungu, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukukhipha isisu noma ukufa kwengane lapho izalwa.

Imiphumela yengane iyahluka ngokuya ngobudala bokukhulelwa lapho kwenzeka khona ukutheleleka, ngengozi enkulu yezinkinga lapho ukutheleleka kwenzeka cishe ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa, kunengozi enkulu yokuvuvukala kwamehlo, i-jaundice enamandla, isibindi esikhulisiwe, i-anemia, izinguquko zenhliziyo, ukudlikizela nezinguquko zokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungahle kube nezinguquko zemizwa, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukungezwa, i-micro noma i-macrocephaly, isibonelo.

3. I-toxoplasmosis yeCerebrospinal noma i-meningoencephalic

Lolu hlobo lwe-toxoplasmosis luvame kakhulu kubantu okutholakala ukuthi bane-AIDS futhi imvamisa luhlobene nokuvuselelwa kwama-cysts e-AIDS. T. gondii kubantu abanesifo esifihlekile, okusho ukuthi, abatholakala futhi belashwa, kepha amagciwane awazange asuswe emzimbeni, ukuvumela ukuthi kuye ohlelweni lwezinzwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zalolu hlobo lwe-toxoplasmosis yikhanda, umkhuhlane, ukulahleka kwemisipha, ukudideka kwengqondo, ukudlikizela nokukhathala ngokweqile. Uma ukutheleleka kungatholakali futhi kwelashwa, kungaholela ekuqulekeni nasekufeni.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwe-toxoplasmosis kwenziwa kuphela lapho umuntu enezimpawu zesifo, ngoba imishanguzo ekhonjisiwe ingaba nobuthi lapho isetshenziswa njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kunconywa kuphela ezimweni ezinezimpawu nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe abatholwe benesifo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-toxoplasmosis kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha lapho kutholakala lesi sifo, futhi ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okukhomba ukuthi kukhona ama-antibodies e-IgG ne-IgM emzimbeni, akhiqizwa ukulwa ne-protozoan ebanga lesi sifo.

Ukuvimbela i-toxoplasmosis

Ukuvikela i-toxoplasmosis, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile, ezifana ne:

• Sebenzisa amanzi okuphuza, okuhlungiwe noma amaminerali;
• Pheka kahle inyama futhi uvikele ukusetshenziswa kwenyama engajwayelekile ezindaweni zokudlela;
• Gwema ukuxhumana namakati angaziwa futhi ugeze izandla zakho kahle uma uthinta izilwane ongazazi;
• Gqoka igilavu lapho uhlanza ibhokisi lodoti futhi uqoqa indle yekati.

Abantu abanezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele baziyise kudokotela wezilwane ukuze kwenziwe izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale igciwane le-toxoplasmosis futhi likhiphe lesi silwane, ukugwema ukudluliswa kwe-toxoplasmosis nezinye izifo.