Umalaleveva

-Delile

• Yini ebangela umalaleveva?
• Ziyini izimpawu zikamalaleveva?
• Utholakala kanjani umalaleveva?
• Izinkinga ezisongela impilo zikamalaleveva
• Welashwa kanjani umalaleveva?
• Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside wabantu abane-malaria?
• Amathiphu okuvikela umalaleveva

Sifaka imikhiqizo esicabanga ukuthi ilusizo kubafundi bethu. Uma uthenga ngezixhumanisi ezikuleli khasi, singathola ikhomishini encane. Nansi inqubo yethu.

Yini umalaleveva?

Umalaleveva yisifo esisongela ukuphila. Ngokuvamile kudluliswa ngokulunywa komuntu onegciwane Anopheles umiyane. Omiyane abathelelekile baphatha i- IPlasmodium amagciwane. Lapho lo mamiyane ekuluma, lesi sifo siphumela egazini lakho.

Uma izimuncagazi sezingaphakathi komzimba wakho, ziya esibindini, lapho zivuthwa khona. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izimuncagazi ezivuthiwe zingena egazini bese ziqala ukutheleleka kumaseli abomvu egazi.

Kungakapheli amahora angama-48 kuya kwangu-72, izimuncagazi ezingaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ziyaphindaphindeka, zidale ukuthi amangqamuzana athelelekile aqhume.

Izimuncagazi ziyaqhubeka nokuthelela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, okuholela ekutheni kube nezimpawu ezenzeka emijikelezweni ehlala izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngasikhathi.

Umalaleveva uvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo lapho kuhlala khona izimuncagazi. Ithi, ngo-2016, bekulinganiselwa ukuthi kube nezigameko ezilinganiselwa ku-216 million zamalaleveva emazweni angama-91.

E-United States, umbiko weCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) womalaleveva minyaka yonke. Izimo eziningi zikamalaleveva ziyakhula kubantu abahambela emazweni lapho umalaleveva uvame kakhulu.

Funda kabanzi: Funda ngobudlelwano obuphakathi kwe-cytopenia nomalaleveva »

Yini ebangela umalaleveva?

Umalaleveva ungavela uma umiyane ungenwe yi IPlasmodium i-parasite ikuluma. Kunezinhlobo ezine zamagciwane kamalaleveva ezingatheleleka kubantu: I-Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, futhi P. falciparum.

P. falciparum kubangela uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwalesi sifo futhi labo abathola lolu hlobo lukamalaleveva basengozini enkulu yokufa. Umama onalesi sifo angasidlulisela nasenganeni yakhe lesi sifo lapho ezalwa. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge-malaria yokuzalwa.

Umalaleveva udluliswa ngegazi, ngakho-ke nawo ungadluliselwa nge:

• ukufakelwa komzimba
• ukumpontshelwa
• ukusetshenziswa kwezinaliti noma imijovo eyabiwe

Ziyini izimpawu zikamalaleveva?

Izimpawu zikamalaleveva zivame ukukhula zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kumaviki ama-4 ngemuva kokutheleleka. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zingase zingakhuli izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ezinye izimuncagazi zikamalaleveva zingangena emzimbeni kodwa zizolala isikhathi eside.

Izimpawu ezivamile zikamalaleveva zihlanganisa:

• ukuqhaqhazela okubandayo okungaba kusuka kokulingene kuya kokubi
• umkhuhlane omkhulu
• ukujuluka okukhulu
• ikhanda
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• ubuhlungu besisu
• isifo sohudo
• i-anemia
• ubuhlungu bemisipha
• ukudlikizela
• ikhoma
• indle enegazi

Utholakala kanjani umalaleveva?

Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuxilonga umalaleveva. Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezempilo, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukuhambela kwakamuva ezindaweni ezishisayo. Kuzokwenziwa futhi ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukunquma ukuthi unesipele noma isibindi esikhulisiwe yini. Uma unezimpawu zikamalaleveva, udokotela wakho angayalela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwakho.

Lezi zivivinyo zizokhombisa:

• noma ngabe une-malaria
• unhloboni ye-malaria onayo
• uma ukutheleleka kwakho kubangelwa yisinanakazana esingazweli ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemithi
• uma lesi sifo sidale i-anemia
• uma lesi sifo sithinte izitho zakho ezibalulekile

Izinkinga ezisongela impilo zikamalaleveva

Umalaleveva ungadala izinkinga eziningi ezisongela impilo. Lokhu okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho, noma umalaleveva wobuchopho
• ukuqoqwa koketshezi emaphashini oludala izinkinga zokuphefumula, noma i-edema yamaphaphu
• ukwehluleka komzimba kwezinso, isibindi noma ubende
• i-anemia ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi
• ushukela wegazi ophansi

Welashwa kanjani umalaleveva?

Umalaleveva angaba yisimo esisongela impilo, ikakhulukazi uma ungenwe yilesi sifo P. falciparum. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuvame ukuhlinzekwa esibhedlela. Udokotela wakho uzokunika imithi ngokususelwa ohlotsheni lwezinambuzane onazo.

Kwezinye izimo, umuthi obekiwe ungahle ungakususi ukutheleleka ngenxa yokumelana nezimuncagazi emithini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela wakho angadinga ukusebenzisa imithi engaphezu kweyodwa noma ashintshe imithi ngokuphelele ukuphatha isimo sakho.

Ngokwengeziwe, izinhlobo ezithile zezimuncagazi zikamalaleveva, njenge P. vivax futhi P. ovale, Iba nezigaba zesibindi lapho i-parasite ingahlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside futhi iphinde isebenze ngemuva kwesikhathi okubangela ukubuyela emuva kokutheleleka.

Uma kutholakala ukuthi unolunye lwalezi zinhlobo zamagciwane kamalaleveva, uzonikezwa umuthi wesibili ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva ngokuzayo.

Uyini umbono wesikhathi eside wabantu abane-malaria?

Abantu abane-malaria abathola ukwelashwa banombono omuhle wesikhathi eside. Uma kuvela izinkinga ngenxa kamalaleveva, umbono kungenzeka ungabi muhle kangako. I-Cerebral malaria, edala ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho, ingaholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho.

Umbono wesikhathi eside weziguli ezinezinambuzane ezingazweli emishanguzweni nawo ungaba mubi. Kulezi ziguli, umalaleveva ungaphinda ubuye. Lokhu kungadala ezinye izinkinga.

Amathiphu okuvikela umalaleveva

Awukho umuthi wokugoma otholakalayo wokuvikela umalaleveva. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uhambela indawo lapho kuvame khona umalaleveva noma uma uhlala endaweni enjalo. Ungahle unikezwe imithi yokuvikela lesi sifo.

Le mithi iyefana naleyo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi sifo futhi kufanele iphuzwe ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kohambo lwakho.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuvinjelwa kwesikhathi eside uma uhlala endaweni lapho umalaleveva uvame khona. Ukulala ngaphansi kwenetha lomiyane kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulunywa umiyane onaleli gciwane. Ukumboza isikhumba sakho noma ukusebenzisa izifutho ze-bug eziqukethe i-DEET] nakho kungasiza ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi umalaleveva udlangile yini endaweni yangakini, i-CDC inolwazi lwakamuva lapho umalaleveva ungatholakala khona.