IMethadone, Ithebhulethi Yomlomo

-Delile

• Okuvelele kwe-methadone
• Yini i-methadone?
• Isebenza kanjani
• Imiphumela emibi ye-Methadone
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile
• Imiphumela emibi kakhulu
• Ungayithatha kanjani i-methadone
• Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla
• Umthamo wesikhashana esilinganiselwe kuya ezinhlungwini ezinzima
• Isikali sokukhishwa kobuthi emzimbeni kwe-opioid
• Isilinganiso sokulondolozwa komlutha we-opioid
• Isixwayiso esibalulekile
• Ungabiza nini udokotela wakho
• Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe
• Izexwayiso zeMethadone
• Izexwayiso ze-FDA
• Isexwayiso sozela
• Isexwayiso somzimba
• Isexwayiso sokusebenzisana kotshwala
• Izexwayiso zabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo
• Izexwayiso kwamanye amaqembu
• IMethadone ingaxhumana neminye imithi
• Izidakamizwa okungafanele uzisebenzise ne-methadone
• Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi
• Ukusebenzisana okungenza ukuthi imishanguzo yakho ingasebenzi kahle
• Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-methadone
• Jikelele
• Isitoreji
• Ukugcwalisa kabusha
• Ukuvakasha
• Ukuzilawula
• Ukuqapha komtholampilo
• Ngaphambi kokugunyazwa
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Okuvelele kwe-methadone

1. Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeMethadone isidakamizwa esijwayelekile. Itholakala njengethebhulethi encibilikayo yomlomo ngaphansi kwe- igama lomkhiqizo iMethadose.
2. IMethadone iza ngesimo sethebhulethi, ithebhulethi esakazekayo (ithebhulethi engaqedwa ibe uketshezi), isisombululo sokugxilisa ingqondo, nesisombululo. Uthatha ifomu ngalinye ngomlomo. Kuza futhi njengomjovo onikezwa udokotela kuphela.
3. Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeMethadone isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni noma ukwelashwa kokulutha kwezidakamizwa ze-opioid.

Yini i-methadone?

IMethadone ngumuthi kadokotela. I-opioid, eyenza ibe yinto elawulwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lo muthi unengozi yokusebenzisa kabi futhi ungadala ukuncika.

IMethadone iza njengethebhulethi yomlomo, ithebhulethi esabalaliswayo yomlomo (ithebhulethi engaqedwa ibe uketshezi), isisombululo sokugxilisa ngomlomo, nesisombululo somlomo. IMethadone ibuye ifike emthanjeni (IV), onikezwa kuphela ngumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

IMethadone iyatholakala futhi njengesidakamizwa esinegama lomkhiqizo IMethadose, eza kuthebhulethi encibilikiswa ngomlomo.

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeMethadone isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo nobunzima. Kunikezwa kuphela lapho ezinye izidakamizwa zesikhathi esifushane noma ezingezona i-opioid zingasebenzi kuwe noma uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela.

IMethadone ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuphatha umlutha wezidakamizwa. Uma unesidakamizwa kwesinye i-opioid, udokotela wakho angakunika i-methadone ukukuvimbela ekubeni nezimpawu ezinzima zokuhoxa.

Isebenza kanjani

IMethadone ingeyesigaba semithi ebizwa ngama-opioid (izidakamizwa). Isigaba semithi siyiqembu lemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo. Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifanayo.

IMethadone isebenza kuma-receptors wezinhlungu emzimbeni wakho. Iyanciphisa ukuthi uzwa ubuhlungu obungakanani.

IMethadone nayo ingashintsha esinye isidakamizwa se-opioid onomlutha waso. Lokhu kuzokugcina ungabhekene nezimpawu ezinzima zokuhoxa.

Lesi sidakamizwa singakwenza ukozele kakhulu. Akufanele ushayele, usebenzise imishini, noma wenze eminye imisebenzi edinga ukuqaphela ngemuva kokuthatha lo muthi.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Methadone

IMethadone ingadala imiphumela emibi noma emibi. Uhlu olulandelayo luqukethe eminye yemiphumela emibi engaba khona ngenkathi uthatha i-methadone. Lolu hlu alubandakanyi yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona.

Ngeminye imininingwane ngemiphumela engemihle yemethadone, noma amathiphu wokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-methadone ingafaka:

• ukuqunjelwa
• isicanucanu
• ubuthongo
• ukuhlanza
• ukukhathala
• ikhanda
• isiyezi
• ubuhlungu besisu

Uma le miphumela emibi imnene, ingahle ihambe zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zingahambi, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela ku-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zayo zingafaka okulandelayo:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula (ukungakwazi ukuphefumula). Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukuphelelwa umoya
  • ubuhlungu besifuba
  • ubumhlophe
  • ngizizwe ngiphela amandla
  • ukuphefumula kancane
  • ukuphefumula okungajulile (ukunyakaza kwesifuba esincane ngokuphefumula)
  • isiyezi
  • ukudideka
• I-Orthostatic hypotension (umfutho wegazi ophansi lapho uvuka ngemuva kokuhlala noma ukulala phansi). Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • umfutho wegazi ophansi
  • isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
  • ukuquleka
• Ukuncika emzimbeni nokuhoxa lapho umisa umuthi. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukungahlaliseki
  • ukucasuka noma ukukhathazeka
  • inkathazo yokulala
  • ukwanda komfutho wegazi
  • izinga lokuphefumula okusheshayo
  • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
  • abafundi abahlanjululwe (ukukhuliswa kwendawo emnyama yamehlo)
  • amehlo anezinyembezi
  • ikhala eligijimayo
  • kuzamula
  • isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
  • isifo sohudo nezimpawu zesisu
  • ukujuluka
  • Ukugodola
  • ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu beqolo
• Ukusebenzisa kabi noma ukulutha. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukuthatha okuningi kwesidakamizwa kunokuyalelwa
  • ukuthatha umuthi njalo noma ngabe awudingi
  • ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi nabangani, umndeni, umsebenzi wakho, noma umthetho
  • indiva imisebenzi ejwayelekile
  • ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa ngasese noma ukuqamba amanga ngokuthi uthatha malini
• Ukuquleka.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-methadone

Umthamo we-methadone odonswa ngudokotela wakho uzoncika ezicini ezithile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• uhlobo nobukhali besimo osisebenzisa ukwelapha i-methadone
• iminyaka yakho
• uhlobo lwe-methadone oyithathayo
• ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ongahle ube nazo

Imvamisa, udokotela wakho uzokuqala ngomthamo ophansi futhi awulungise ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufinyelela umthamo okulungele wena. Ekugcineni bazonquma isilinganiso esincane kunazo zonke esihlinzeka ngomphumela oyifunayo.

Imininingwane elandelayo ichaza imithamo esetshenziswa kakhulu noma enconywayo. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthatha isilinganiso udokotela wakho akubekela sona. Udokotela wakho uzonquma isilinganiso esihle kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Amafomu wezidakamizwa namandla

Okujwayelekile: imethadone

• Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo
• Amandla: 5 milligrams (mg), 10 mg
• Ifomu: ithebhulethi esabalaliswa ngomlomo
• Amandla: 40 mg

Umkhiqizo: IMethadose

• Ifomu: ithebhulethi esabalaliswa ngomlomo
• Amandla: 40 mg

Umthamo wesikhashana esilinganiselwe kuya ezinhlungwini ezinzima

Isikali sabadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

• Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuqala: 2.5 mg uthathwe njalo emahoreni ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12.
• Isikali siyanda: Udokotela wakho uzokwengeza kancane umthamo wakho njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuye kwezi-5 noma ngaphezulu.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Ukuphepha nokusebenza kwalesi sidakamizwa akukasungulwa ezinganeni. Akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Izinso zakho kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle njengakuqala. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani eliphakeme lomuthi lihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Isikali sokukhishwa kobuthi emzimbeni kwe-opioid

Isikali sabadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

• Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuqala: 20-30 mg.
• Isikali siyanda: Ngemuva kokulinda amahora amabili kuya kwangu-4, udokotela wakho angakunika okwengeziwe ngo-5-10 mg.
• Isilinganiso esivamile: Ngokukhishwa kwesikhashana kwesikhashana, umthamo ojwayelekile uthathwa ama-20 mg kabili ngosuku ngosuku izinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezi-3. Udokotela wakho uzokwehlisa kancane umthamo wakho futhi akubuke eduze.
• Umthamo omkhulu: Ngosuku lokuqala, akufanele uthathe ngaphezu kuka-40 mg inani.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Ukuphepha nokusebenza kwalesi sidakamizwa akukasungulwa ezinganeni. Akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Izinso zakho kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle njengakuqala. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani eliphakeme lomuthi lihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Isilinganiso sokulondolozwa komlutha we-opioid

Isikali sabadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

Izilinganiso ezijwayelekile zesilinganiso ziphakathi kuka-80-120 mg ngosuku. Udokotela wakho uzonquma isilinganiso esifanele wena.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Ukuphepha nokusebenza kwalesi sidakamizwa akukasungulwa ezinganeni. Akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

Izinso zakho kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle njengakuqala. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani eliphakeme lomuthi lihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.

Isixwayiso esibalulekile

Musa ukuchoboza, ukuncibilikisa, ukuhogela noma ukujova amaphilisi omlomo e-methadone ngoba lokhu kungadala ukuthi weqe ngokweqile. Lokhu kungabulala.

Ungabiza nini udokotela wakho

1. Shayela udokotela wakho uma umthamo we-methadone owuthathayo ungalawuli ubuhlungu bakho.

Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeMethadone isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesikhashana. Kuza nezingozi ezinkulu uma ungayithathi njengokuyalelwe.

Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokungazelelwe noma ungawuthathi nhlobo: Ubuhlungu bakho bungalawulwa futhi ungadlula ekuhoxisweni kwe-opioid. Izimpawu zokuhoxa zifaka:

• ukudabuka kwamehlo akho
• ikhala eligijimayo
• ukuthimula
• kuzamula
• ukujuluka okusindayo
• uhlevane
• imfiva
• Ukugodola okushintshana nokuhlanza (ukubomvu nokufudumala kobuso noma komzimba wakho)
• ukungahlaliseki
• ukucasuka
• ukukhathazeka
• ukudana
• ukuthuthumela
• amajaqamba
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• ukuklabalasa nokukhahlela okungazikhetheli
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• ukuncipha komzimba

Uma uphuthelwa imithamo noma ungaphuzi umuthi ngesikhathi: Imithi yakho kungenzeka ingasebenzi kahle noma ingayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Ungase futhi ube nezimpawu zokuhoxa.

Uma uthatha kakhulu: Ungaba namazinga ayingozi omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Izimpawu zokweqisa izidakamizwa zalesi sidakamizwa zingafaka:

• ukulahleka kwethoni yemisipha
• kubanda, isikhumba se-clammy
• abafundi abancishisiwe (abancane)
• ishayela kancane
• umfutho wegazi ophansi, ongadala isiyezi noma uquleke
• ukuphefumula kancane
• ukudonswa ngokweqile okuholela ku-coma (ukungazi lutho isikhathi eside)

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sendawo sokulawula ubuthi. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Okufanele ukwenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo:

Uma uthatha lo muthi ukwelapha ubuhlungu: Ungathathi ngaphezu komthamo wakho onqunyiwe emahoreni angama-24. Uma uthatha lo muthi ngenxa yobuhlungu bese uphuthelwa umthamo, wuthathe ngokushesha okukhulu. Bese uthatha umthamo wakho olandelayo emahoreni angama-8 kuya ku-12 ngokuyalelwa ngudokotela wakho.

Uma cishe sekuyisikhathi sedosi yakho elandelayo, weqa umthamo ongabanjwanga bese ubuyela esimisweni sakho sokulinganisa.

Uma uthatha lo muthi ukukhipha ubuthi futhi unakekele ukuluthwa: Thatha umthamo wakho olandelayo ngosuku olulandelayo njengoba kuhleliwe. Ungathathi imithamo eyengeziwe. Ukuthatha ngaphezu kwesilinganiso esinqunyiwe kungadala ukuthi weqe ngokweqile ngoba lesi sidakamizwa sakha emzimbeni wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ungasho kanjani ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza: Kufanele ngabe wehlise ubuhlungu, noma izimpawu zakho zokuhoxa kufanele zihambe.

Izexwayiso zeMethadone

Lesi sidakamizwa siza nezixwayiso ezahlukahlukene.

Izexwayiso ze-FDA

• Isixwayiso sokulutha nokusetshenziswa kabi: IMethadone iza nengozi yokuba umlutha noma ngabe isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kungaholela ekusebenziseni kabi izidakamizwa. Ukuba nomlutha nokusetshenziswa kabi kwalesi sidakamizwa kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yokweqisa ngokweqile nokufa.
• Isu Lokuhlola Ubungozi Nokunciphisa (REMS): Ngenxa yengozi yalesi sidakamizwa yokusebenzisa kabi nokulutha, i-FDA idinga ukuthi umenzi wesidakamizwa anikeze uhlelo lwe-REMS. Ngaphansi kwezidingo zalolu hlelo lwe-REMS, umenzi wezidakamizwa kufanele athuthukise izinhlelo zokufundisa maqondana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwama-opioid kudokotela wakho
• Isexwayiso sezinkinga zokuphefumula: Ukuthatha ama-opioid asebenza isikhathi eside, njenge-methadone, kubangele abanye abantu ukuthi bayeke ukuphefumula. Lokhu kungabulala (kubangele ukufa). Lokhu kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, noma ngabe usebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa ngendlela efanele. Kodwa-ke, ingozi iphezulu kakhulu lapho uqala ukuthatha umuthi nangemva kokwanda komthamo. Ingozi yakho ingaphakama futhi uma usumdala noma usunenkinga yokuphefumula noma yamaphaphu.
• Ukweqisa izidakamizwa ezinganeni isexwayiso: Izingane ezithatha ngephutha lo muthi zisengozini enkulu yokufa ngokweqile. Izingane akufanele zithathe lesi sidakamizwa.
• Isexwayiso sezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo: Lesi sidakamizwa singadala izinkinga ezinkulu zesigqi senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithamo emikhulu kune-200 mg ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isilinganiso. Kungaze kwenzeke uma ungenayo inkinga yenhliziyo.
• Ukukhulelwa kanye neonatal opioid ukuhoxiswa kwesifo sesifo: Izingane ezizalwa ngomama abasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zisengozini yokukhutshwa kwezinsana. Lokhu kungabeka impilo yengane engcupheni.
• Isexwayiso sokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa zeBenzodiazepine: Ukuthatha i-methadone kanye nezidakamizwa ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, noma izidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-benzodiazepines, kungadala ukozela okukhulu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, ikhoma noma ukufa. Izibonelo ze-benzodiazepines zifaka phakathi i-lorazepam, i-clonazepam, ne-alprazolam. Le mithi kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela nge-methadone lapho ezinye izidakamizwa zingasebenzi kahle ngokwanele.

Isexwayiso sozela

Lesi sidakamizwa singakwenza ukozele kakhulu. Akufanele ushayele, usebenzise imishini, noma wenze eminye imisebenzi edinga ukuqaphela ngemuva kokuthatha lo muthi.

Isexwayiso somzimba

I-Methadone ingadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukuvuvukala komphimbo wakho noma ulimi

Uma uthuthukisa lezi zimpawu, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ungaphinde uwuthathe lo muthi uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nawo. Ukuyithatha futhi kungaba yingozi (kungadala ukufa).

Isexwayiso sokusebenzisana kotshwala

Ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuhlala phansi, ukuphefumula kancane, ikhoma (ukungazi lutho isikhathi eside), nokufa okubangelwa yi-methadone.

Uma uphuza utshwala, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungadinga ukuthi ubhekwe umfutho ophansi wegazi, izinkinga zokuphefumula, kanye nokuhlala phansi.

Izexwayiso zabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo

Kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso: Uma unezinkinga zezinso noma umlando wesifo sezinso, ungahle ungakwazi ukusula lesi sidakamizwa emzimbeni wakho kahle. Lokhu kungakhuphula amazinga e-methadone emzimbeni wakho futhi kudale imiphumela emibi eminingi. Udokotela wakho kufanele akubheke eduze uma uthatha lo muthi.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zesibindi: Uma unezinkinga zesibindi noma umlando wesifo sesibindi, ungahle ungakwazi ukucubungula kahle lesi sidakamizwa. Lokhu kungakhuphula amazinga e-methadone emzimbeni wakho futhi kudale imiphumela emibi eminingi. Udokotela wakho kufanele akubheke eduze uma uthatha lo muthi.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula: Lesi sidakamizwa singadala izinkinga zokuphefumula. Kungabuye kube nzima izinkinga zokuphefumula osuvele unayo. Lokhu kungabulala (kubangele ukufa). Uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula, i-asthma enamandla, noma uhlaselwa yi-asthma, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi lo muthi uphephile yini kuwe.

Kubantu abanokukhubazeka kwamathumbu (GI): Lesi sidakamizwa singadala ukuqunjelwa futhi sandise ubungozi bokuvinjelwa kwe-GI. Uma unomlando wokuvinjelwa kwe-GI noma njengamanje unayo, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi lo muthi uphephile yini kuwe. Uma une-ileus ekhubazekile (ukungabikho kwethoni yemisipha emathunjini angadala ukuvinjelwa kwe-GI), akufanele uthathe lo muthi.

Okwabantu abanesithuthwane: Lesi sidakamizwa singadala ukuquleka okwengeziwe kubantu abanesithuthwane. Uma ukulawulwa kokubanjwa kwakho kuba kubi kakhulu ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho.

Okwabantu abalimele ekhanda: Lesi sidakamizwa singadala ingcindezi enkulu ebuchosheni bakho. Lokhu kungakhuphula ingozi yakho yezinkinga noma kubangele ukufa. Uma ngabe uke walimala ekhanda muva nje, kwandisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zokuphefumula kusuka ku-methadone. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi lo muthi uphephile yini kuwe.

Izexwayiso kwamanye amaqembu

• Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: Azikho izifundo zemiphumela ye-methadone kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sisetshenziswe kuphela uma inzuzo engaba khona iqinisekisa ubungozi obungaba khona. Uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi usebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Izingane ezizalwa ngomama abasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa isikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zisengozini yokukhutshwa kwezinsana. Lokhu kungabeka impilo yengane engcupheni.
• Kwabesifazane abancelisayo: I-Methadone ingadlulela obisini lwebele futhi ingadala imiphumela emibi enganeni enceliswa ibele. Le miphumela emibi ifaka phakathi ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane nokuthambisa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uncelisa ingane yakho ibele. Ungadinga ukunquma ukuthi uyeka ukuncelisa noma uyeke ukuthatha le mithi.
• Okwabadala: Izinso zabantu abadala zingase zingasebenzi ngendlela ababevame ngayo. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani eliphakeme lomuthi lihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.
• Okwezingane: Ukuphepha nokusebenza kwalesi sidakamizwa akukasungulwa ezinganeni. Akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18. Izingane ezithatha ngephutha lo muthi zisengozini enkulu yokufa ngokweqile.

IMethadone ingaxhumana neminye imithi

IMethadone ingaxhumana neminye imithi eminingana. Ukuxhumana okuhlukile kungadala imiphumela ehlukile.Isibonelo, ezinye zingaphazamisa ukuthi usebenza kanjani umuthi, kanti ezinye zingadala imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe.

Ngezansi kunohlu lwemithi engasebenzisana ne-methadone. Lolu hlu aluqukethe yonke imishanguzo engasebenzisana nomuthi we-X.

Ngaphambi kokuthatha i-methadone, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela kanye nosokhemisi ngayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, i-counter-counter, nezinye izidakamizwa oziphuzayo. Batshele futhi nganoma yimaphi amavithamini, amakhambi, nezithako ozisebenzisayo. Ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi kungakusiza ugweme ukuhlangana okungenzeka.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuhlangana kwezidakamizwa okungakuthinta, buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Izidakamizwa okungafanele uzisebenzise ne-methadone

Ungathathi le mithi elandelayo nge-methadone. Ukwenza kanjalo kungadala imiphumela eyingozi emzimbeni wakho.

• IPentazocine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, ne-buprenorphine. Le mithi inganciphisa imiphumela ekhulula ubuhlungu be-methadone. Lokhu kungadala izimpawu zokuhoxa.

Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bemiphumela emibi

• Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe evela kwezinye izidakamizwa: Ukuthatha i-methadone ngemithi ethile kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi evela kulezo zidakamizwa. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:
  • I-Benzodiazepines, efana ne-diazepam, i-lorazepam, i-clonazepam, i-temazepam ne-alprazolam. Imiphumela emibi eyandisiwe ingabandakanya ukozela okukhulu, ukuncipha noma ukumisa ukuphefumula, ikhoma noma ukufa. Uma udinga ukuthatha eyodwa yalezi zidakamizwa nge-methadone, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze ngemiphumela emibi.
  • Zidovudine. Imiphumela emibi ingafaka ikhanda, ukukhathala, ukungathandi ukudla, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Imiphumela emibi evela ku-methadone: Ukuthatha i-methadone ngemithi ethile kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi evela ku-methadone. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani le-methadone emzimbeni wakho liyanda. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:
  • I-Cimetidine. Ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa nge-methadone kungadala ukozela nokuphefumula kancane. Udokotela wakho angahle alungise isilinganiso sakho se-methadone, kuye ngokuthi imiphumela yakho emibi inzima kangakanani.
  • Ama-antibiotic, njenge-clarithromycin ne-erythromycin. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala ukozela nokuphefumula kancane. Udokotela wakho angahle alungise isilinganiso sakho se-methadone, kuye ngokuthi imiphumela yakho emibi inzima kangakanani.
  • Izidakamizwa ezibulala izinhlungu, njenge ketoconazole, posaconazole, ne voriconazole. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala ukozela nokuphefumula kancane. Udokotela wakho angahle alungise isilinganiso sakho se-methadone, kuye ngokuthi imiphumela yakho emibi inzima kangakanani.
  • Izidakamizwa ze-HIV, njenge-ritonavir noma i-indinavir. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala ukozela nokuphefumula kancane. Udokotela wakho angahle alungise isilinganiso sakho se-methadone, kuye ngokuthi imiphumela yakho emibi inzima kangakanani.
• Imiphumela emibi eyengeziwe evela kuzo zombili izidakamizwa: Ukuthatha i-methadone ngemithi ethile kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-methadone neminye le mithi ingadala imiphumela emibi efanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, le miphumela emibi ingakhuphuka. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:
  • Izidakamizwa zokungezwani komzimba, njenge-diphenhydramine ne-hydroxyzine. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala ukugcinwa komchamo (ukungakwazi ukukhipha ngokuphelele isinye sakho), ukuqunjelwa, nokuhamba kancane esiswini sakho nasemathumbu. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvinjelweni okukhulu kwamathumbu.
  • Izidakamizwa ze-Urinary incontinence, njenge-tolterodine ne-oxybutynin. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala ukugcinwa komchamo (ukungakwazi ukukhipha ngokuphelele isinye sakho), ukuqunjelwa, nokuhamba okuhamba kancane esiswini sakho nasemathumbu. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvinjelweni okukhulu kwamathumbu.
  • I-Benztropine ne-amitriptyline. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala ukugcinwa komchamo (ukungakwazi ukukhipha ngokuphelele isinye sakho), ukuqunjelwa, nokuhamba okuhamba kancane esiswini sakho nasemathumbu. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvinjelweni okukhulu kwamathumbu.
  • Ama-antipsychotic, njenge-clozapine ne-olanzapine. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala ukugcinwa komchamo (ukungakwazi ukukhipha ngokuphelele isinye sakho), ukuqunjelwa, nokuhamba okuhamba kancane esiswini sakho nasemathumbu. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvinjelweni okukhulu kwamathumbu.
  • Izidakamizwa zesigqi senhliziyo, njenge-quinidine, i-amiodarone ne-dofetilide. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-methadone kungadala izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
  • Amitriptyline. Ukuthatha lesi sidakamizwa nge-methadone kungadala izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
  • Izidakamizwa, ezifana ne-furosemide ne-hydrochlorothiazide. Ukuthatha le mithi ndawonye kungashintsha amazinga akho e-electrolyte. Lokhu kungadala izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
  • Ama-laxatives. Ukuthatha le mithi ndawonye kungashintsha amazinga akho e-electrolyte. Lokhu kungadala izinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.

Ukusebenzisana okungenza ukuthi imishanguzo yakho ingasebenzi kahle

Lapho i-methadone isetshenziswa nezidakamizwa ezithile, ingahle ingasebenzi ukwelapha isimo sakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani lemethadone emzimbeni wakho lingehla. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• Ama-Anticonvulsants, afana ne-phenobarbital, phenytoin, ne-carbamazepine. Le mithi ingadala ukuthi i-methadone iyeke ukusebenza. Lokhu kungadala izimpawu zokuhoxa. Udokotela wakho angashintsha isilinganiso sakho se-methadone uma uthatha noma iyiphi yalezi zidakamizwa.
• Imithi ye-HIV efana ne-abacavir, darunavir, efavirenz, nelfinavir, nevirapine, ritonavir, ne-telaprevir. Udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze ngezimpawu zokuhoxa. Bazolungisa isilinganiso sakho njengoba kudingeka.
• Ama-antibiotics, afana ne-rifampin ne-rifabutin. Le mithi ingadala ukuthi i-methadone iyeke ukusebenza. Lokhu kungaholela ezimpawu zokuhoxa. Udokotela wakho angashintsha isilinganiso sakho se-methadone njengoba kudingeka.

Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-methadone

Gcina lokhu kubheka engqondweni uma udokotela wakho ekuchazela ngemethadone.

Jikelele

• Ungathatha i-methadone ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla. Ukuyithatha ngokudla kungasiza ekunciphiseni isisu esithukuthele.
• Thatha lo muthi ngesikhathi (izi) esinconywe ngudokotela wakho.
• Musa ukuchoboza, ukuncibilikisa, ukuhogela noma ukujova amaphilisi omlomo e-methadone. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi weqe ngokweqile, okungabulala.

Isitoreji

• Ithebhulethi yomlomo: Gcina ekamelweni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-68 ° F no-77 ° F (20 ° C no-25 ° C).
• Ithebhulethi esakazeka ngomlomo: Gcina ku-77 ° F (25 ° C). Ungayigcina kafushane phakathi kuka-59 ° F no-86 ° F (15 ° C no-30 ° C).
• Gcina womabili amaphilisi kude nokukhanya.
• Ungawabeki lawa mathebulethi ezindaweni ezimanzi noma ezinomswakama, njengezindlu zangasese.

Ukugcwalisa kabusha

Umuthi kadokotela walo muthi awugcwaliseki. Wena noma ikhemisi lakho kuzodingeka uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuthola incwadi kadokotela entsha uma udinga lo muthi ogcwaliswe kabusha.

Ukuvakasha

Lapho uhamba nemithi yakho:

• Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha imithi yakho. Lapho undiza, ungalokothi uwufake esikhwameni esihloliwe. Yigcine esikhwameni sakho sokuthwala.
• Ungakhathazeki ngemishini ye-X-ray yesikhumulo sezindiza. Abakwazi ukulimaza umuthi wakho.
• Ungadinga ukukhombisa abasebenzi bezindiza ilebula lekhemisi lemithi yakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha isitsha sokuqala esinelebula kadokotela.
• Ungafaki lo muthi egumbini legilavu ​​lemoto yakho noma uwushiye emotweni. Qinisekisa ukugwema ukwenza lokhu lapho isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu noma sibanda kakhulu.

Ukuzilawula

Ungagwinyi ithebhulethi ehlakazekayo ngaphambi kokuba ichithwe oketshezi. Kufanele uyixube nama-ounces amathathu kuye kwayi-4 (90 kuya ku-120 milliliters) wamanzi noma ijusi yezithelo ezisawolintshi ngaphambi kokukuthatha. Kuthatha cishe umzuzu ukuxuba.

Ukuqapha komtholampilo

Wena nodokotela wakho kufanele niqaphele izinkinga ezithile zezempilo. Lokhu kungasiza ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlala uphephile ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi. Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• ukusebenza kwezinso
• ukusebenza kwesibindi
• isilinganiso sokuphefumula (sokuphefumula)
• ukushaya kwegazi
• isilinganiso senhliziyo
• izinga lobuhlungu (uma uthatha lo muthi ngobuhlungu)

Ngaphambi kokugunyazwa

Kunemikhawulo ekukhipheni i-methadone yezinhlelo zokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni noma zokulungisa. Akuwona wonke amakhemisi angakhipha lo muthi ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi nokugcinwa kwawo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungawutholaphi lo muthi.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Kuneminye imithi etholakalayo yokwelapha isimo sakho. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izinketho zezidakamizwa ezingakusebenzela.

Ukuzikhulula: I-Healthline yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi luyiqiniso, luphelele futhi lusesikhathini. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.