Umdlavuza Wamaphaphu Ongeyona Emincane Ngokuqhathaniswa Namaseli Amancane: Izinhlobo, Izigaba, Izimpawu, Nokwelapha

-Delile

• Uyini umdlavuza wamaphaphu weselula ongewona omncane?
• Uyini umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana?
• Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?
• Usakazeka kanjani umdlavuza wamaphaphu?
• Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?
• Uphathwa kanjani umdlavuza wamaphaphu?
• Uyini umbono womdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ukubuka konke

Umdlavuza wamaphaphu ukhula kumaseli agudla i-bronchi nasengxenyeni yezicubu zamaphaphu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli, okuyizikhwama zomoya lapho kushintshaniswa khona amagesi. Izinguquko ku-DNA zidala ukuthi amaseli akhule ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wamaphaphu: umdlavuza wamangqamuzana ongewona omncane (i-NSCLC) nomdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana (SCLC).

Qhubeka ufunda ukuthola okuningi ngokufana nokwehluka phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili.

Uyini umdlavuza wamaphaphu weselula ongewona omncane?

Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 kuya kwangu-85 wamacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu yi-NSCLC. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-NSCLC:

• I-Adenocarcinoma umdlavuza wamaphaphu okhula kancane uvame ukutholakala endaweni engaphandle yamaphaphu, imvamisa ngaphambi kokuba ibe nethuba lokusabalala. Kwenzeka kaningi kubantu ababhemayo, kodwa kuyindlela ejwayelekile yomdlavuza wamaphaphu nakubantu abangabhemi.
• I-squamous cell carcinoma ngokuvamile yenzeka maphakathi nephaphu. Kuvame ukukhula kubantu ababhemayo.
• I-cell carcinoma enkulu ivela noma ikuphi ephashini, futhi imvamisa ikhula futhi isakazeke ngesilinganiso esisheshayo.

Uyini umdlavuza omncane wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana?

Cishe amaphesenti ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15 amacala omdlavuza wamaphaphu yi-SCLC.

I-SCLC ivame ukuqala eduze nendawo yesifuba ku-bronchi. Kuyindlela ekhula ngokushesha yomdlavuza ethambekele ekusabalaleni ezigabeni zayo zokuqala. Ijwayele ukukhula futhi isabalale ngokushesha okukhulu kune-NSCLC. I-SCLC ayivamile kubantu abangabhemi.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuvamile asivezi izimpawu ezisobala. Njengoba umdlavuza uqhubeka, kungahle kube khona:

• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukukhwehlela
• ekhwehlela igazi
• ubuhlungu besifuba

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla nokuncipha
• ukushaqeka
• ubunzima bokugwinya
• ubuhlungu emathanjeni nasemalungeni
• ukuvuvukala kobuso noma kwentamo

Usakazeka kanjani umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Umdlavuza ungasakazeka usuke kwisimila sokuqala uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-metastasis. Kunezindlela ezintathu lokhu okungenzeka ngazo:

• Umdlavuza ungahlasela izicubu eziseduze.
• Amaseli womdlavuza angahamba esuka ku-tumor yokuqala eya kuma-lymph node aseduze. Ngemuva kwalokho bangahamba ngohlelo lwe-lymphatic ukufinyelela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
• Lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza engena egazini, angahamba noma yikuphi emzimbeni (ukusakazeka okubangelwa i-hematogenous).

Isigaxa semetastatic esakha kwenye indawo emzimbeni sihlobo olufanayo lomdlavuza njengesimila sokuqala.

Ziyini izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Izigaba zichaza ukuthi umdlavuza usuthuthuke kangakanani futhi usetshenziselwa ukuthola ukwelashwa. Ama-cancer asesiteji sangaphambilini anombono ongcono kunomdlavuza wesigaba sakamuva.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wamaphaphu zisuka ku-0 ziye ku-4, ngesigaba 4 sibe esibi kakhulu. Kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kwezinye izitho noma izicubu.

Uphathwa kanjani umdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi isigaba ekuxilongweni. Uma umdlavuza ungakasakazeki, ukususa ingxenye yamaphaphu kungaba isinyathelo sokuqala.

Ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa kukodwa noma kunhlanganisela ethile. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka i-laser therapy kanye ne-photodynamic therapy. Eminye imishanguzo ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kwenzelwe izimo zomuntu ngamunye futhi kungashintsha ngokufanele.

Uyini umbono womdlavuza wamaphaphu?

Umbono uyehluka ngokuya ngohlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sokuxilongwa, ufuzo, impendulo yokwelashwa, nobudala bomuntu nempilo yonke. Ngokuvamile, amazinga okusinda aphezulu ezingeni lomdlavuza wamaphaphu wokuqala (isigaba 1 no-2). Ukwelashwa kuyathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amanani okusinda yeminyaka emihlanu abalwa kubantu abathole ukwelashwa okungenani eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu eliboniswe ngezansi kungenzeka lithuthukile njengocwaningo lwamanje.

• Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lisuka emaphesentini angama-45 kuye kwangama-49 kulabo abanesigaba 1A no-1B NSCLC, ngokulandelana.
• Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lisukela kumaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-31 kulabo abanesigaba 2A no-2B NSCLC, ngokulandelana.
• Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lisukela kumaphesenti ama-5 kuye kwayi-14 kulabo abanezigaba 3A no-3B NSCLC, ngokulandelana.
• Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lesiteji se-4 NSCLC lingamaphesenti angu-1, njengoba umdlavuza osakazekele kwezinye izitho zomzimba uvame ukuba nzima ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelashwa ezikhona kulesi sigaba sesifo.

Ngenkathi i-SCLC inolaka kakhulu kune-NSCLC, ukuthola nokwelapha wonke umdlavuza wamaphaphu kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza ngcono umbono wakho.