Kuyini iCytopenia?

-Delile

• Izinhlobo
• I-cytopenia ezenzakalelayo
• I-cytopenia ephikisayo
• Izimpawu
• Yini ebangela icytopenia?
• Izimo ezihlanganisiwe
• Ukuxilongwa
• Ukwelashwa
• Umbono

Ukubuka konke

I-Cytopenia yenzeka lapho eyodwa noma eziningi zezinhlobo zakho zamaseli egazi ziphansi kunalokho obekufanele kube yikho.

Igazi lakho linezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Amaseli egazi abomvu, abizwa nangokuthi ama-erythrocyte, athwala umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba emzimbeni wakho. Amaseli egazi amhlophe, noma ama-leukocyte, alwa nokutheleleka futhi alwa namagciwane angenampilo. Ama-platelet abalulekile ekunqandeni. Uma noma yiziphi zalezi zinto zingaphansi kwamazinga ajwayelekile, ungahle ube ne-cytopenia.

Izinhlobo

Izinhlobo eziningana ze-cytopenia zikhona. Uhlobo ngalunye lunqunywa ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yegazi lakho ephansi noma eyehlisiwe.

• I-anemia yenzeka lapho amaseli akho abomvu egazi ephansi.
• I-Leukopenia izinga eliphansi lamaseli amhlophe egazi.
• I-Thrombocytopenia ukushoda kwamaplatelets.
• I-Pancytopenia ukuntuleka kwazo zonke izingxenye ezintathu zegazi.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-cytopenia ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziyahlukahluka. Phakathi kwalezi zimbangela ukubhujiswa komzimba, ukutheleleka, kanye nemiphumela engemihle yemithi. Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-cytopenia ezihlobene nembangela eyisisekelo yokubalwa kwamaseli egazi aphansi yi-cytopenia ezenzakalelayo kanye ne-cytopenia ekhanyayo.

I-cytopenia ezenzakalelayo

I-autoimmune cytopenia ibangelwa yisifo esizimele. Umzimba wakho ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba alwa namaseli egazi aphilile, awabhubhise futhi akuvimbe ekutholeni isibalo esanele segazi.

I-cytopenia ephikisayo

I-cytopenia ephikisayo yenzeka lapho umnkantsha wakho ungakhiqizi amaseli egazi avuthiwe, anempilo. Lokhu kungaba umphumela weqembu lomdlavuza, njenge-leukemia noma esinye isimo somnkantsha wamathambo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-cytopenia ekhombayo. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, zichazwa ngokuthi igazi nomnkantsha ubukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu ze-cytopenia zincike ekutheni hlobo luni lwesimo onaso. Futhi zingancika enkingeni eyisisekelo noma esimeni esidala ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi aphansi.

Izimpawu ze-anemia zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• ubuthakathaka
• ukuphelelwa umoya
• ukuhlushwa okungalungile
• isiyezi noma ukuzizwa unekhanda elincane
• izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo

Izimpawu ze-leukopenia zifaka:

• ukutheleleka okuvamile
• imfiva

Izimpawu ze-thrombocytopenia zifaka:

• ukopha nokulimala kalula
• ubunzima bokumisa ukuphuma kwegazi
• ukopha ngaphakathi

I-cytopenia ephikisayo ingadala izimpawu ezimbalwa ezigabeni zokuqala. Njengoba ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi kwehla, izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula okuncane, ukutheleleka okuvamile, ukukhathala, nokopha okulula noma kwamahhala kungenzeka. Endabeni ye-cytopenia ekhanyayo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi aphansi kuzoholela odokotela enkingeni eyimbangela efana nomdlavuza noma i-leukemia.

I-Cytopenia ebangelwa ukuphendula okuzenzakalelayo kungenzeka nezinye izimpawu zesistimu ezilingisa ezinye zezinhlobo ze-cytopenia. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:

• ukukhathala
• ubuthakathaka
• ukutheleleka okuvamile
• imfiva
• ukopha nokulimala kalula

Yini ebangela icytopenia?

Uma uhlangabezana nokubalwa kwamangqamuzana egazi aphansi ngokungavamile, udokotela wakho uzobheka imbangela eyisisekelo yokuchaza izinombolo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-cytopenia lungabangelwa izimo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene futhi ezihlukile.

Izimbangela ze-anemia zifaka:

• amazinga aphansi ensimbi
• ukopha njalo
• ukubhujiswa kwamaseli ngenkathi kusakazwa emzimbeni wakho
• ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu okungajwayelekile okuvela emnkantsheni wethambo

Izimbangela ze-leukopenia zifaka:

• ukutheleleka okungapheli, njenge-HIV noma i-hepatitis
• umdlavuza
• izifo ezizimele
• ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kufaka phakathi imisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy

Izimbangela ze-thrombocytopenia zifaka:

• umdlavuza
• isifo esingalapheki sesibindi
• ukwelashwa komdlavuza, kufaka phakathi imisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy
• imithi

Kwabanye abantu abane-cytopenia, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola imbangela eyimbangela. Eqinisweni, odokotela abakwazi ukuthola imbangela cishe kwengxenye yabantu abane-pancytopenia. Lapho imbangela ingaziwa, ibizwa nge-idiopathic cytopenia.

Izimo ezihlanganisiwe

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona ohlwini lwezimbangela ezingaba khona, i-cytopenia ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza ne-leukemia. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi zombili lezi zifo zibulala amaseli egazi anempilo emzimbeni wakho. Futhi zingabhubhisa umnkantsha wakho. Ukwakheka nokukhula kwamaseli egazi kwenzeka emnkantsheni wakho wethambo. Noma yimuphi umonakalo kulezi zicubu zesiponji ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho ungathinta amangqamuzana akho egazi nempilo yegazi lakho.

Ezinye izimo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-cytopenia zifaka:

• umdlavuza, njenge-leukemia, i-myeloma eminingi noma i-Hodgkin's noma i-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• isifo somnkantsha
• ukushoda okukhulu kwe-B-12
• isifo esingalapheki sesibindi
• izifo ezizimele
• ukutheleleka ngegciwane, kufaka phakathi i-HIV, i-hepatitis, ne-malaria
• izifo zegazi ezibhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi noma ezivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi, njenge-paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria kanye ne-aplastic anemia

Ukuxilongwa

I-Cytopenia itholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa nge-complete blood count (CBC). I-CBC ikhombisa iseli elimhlophe, iseli elibomvu, kanye nokubalwa kweplatelet. Ukwenza i-CBC, udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi uzodonsa igazi bese elithumela ebhodini ukuze lihlaziywe. I-CBC ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvame kakhulu, futhi udokotela wakho angathola i-cytopenia emiphumeleni ngaphandle kokusola. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unezibalo eziphansi zegazi, i-CBC ingakuqinisekisa.

Uma imiphumela ikhombisa izinombolo eziphansi zanoma iyiphi ingxenye yegazi lakho, udokotela wakho angabe ese-oda ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola imbangela eyimbangela noma afune izincazelo ezingaba khona. I-bone marrow biopsy kanye ne-marrow aspiration kunganikeza ukubukeka okuningiliziwe kumnkantsha wakho wethambo nokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi. Lezi zivivinyo zingasetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa noma ukukhipha izifo zomnkantsha noma izingqinamba ezingadala ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi aphansi.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwe-cytopenia kuya ngesizathu.

Kwi-cytopenia ebangelwa umdlavuza noma i-leukemia, ukwelashwa kwalezi zifo nakho kungaphatha amaseli egazi aphansi. Kodwa-ke, iziguli eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa kwesinye salezi zifo zingathola ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi okuphansi ngenxa yokwelashwa.

I-Corticosteroids imvamisa iyindlela yokwelashwa komugqa wokuqala wezinhlobo eziningana ze-cytopenia. Iziguli eziningi zisabela kahle ekwelashweni. Kodwa-ke, abanye bangabuyela emuva noma bangaphenduli nhlobo. Uma kunjalo, izinketho zokwelashwa ezinolaka zingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ukwelashwa kokuzivikela komzimba
• ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo
• ukumpontshelwa igazi
• yingaboy

Umbono

Lapho sebetholakele, abantu abaningi bazokwazi ukwelapha i-cytopenia futhi babuyisele ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi okunempilo. Abantu abane-anemia, ngokwesibonelo, bangakwazi ukukhulisa ukungena kwabo ngensimbi ekudleni okufana nenyama ebomvu, i-shellfish, nemidumba. Lokho kungabuyisa ukubalwa kwamaseli akho abomvu, futhi udokotela wakho angahlola njalo ukubalwa kwegazi lakho ukukusiza ugcine amazinga enempilo.

Ezinye zezimbangela ze-cytopenia, noma kunjalo, zidinga ukwelashwa okude nokujulile. Lezo zimbangela zifaka umdlavuza kanye ne-leukemia, ukwelashwa kwalezi zimo, nezinye izimo ezinzima njengezifo zomnkantsha kanye ne-aplastic anemia. Kubantu abatholakale benezimbangela ezingathi sína, umbono uvame ukuncika ebucayi besimo nokuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele kangakanani.