I-myeloma eminingi: kuyini, izimpawu nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungaqinisekisa kanjani
• Iqala kanjani i-myeloma eminingi
• Ingabe i-myeloma eminingi ingalapheka?
• Yelashwa kanjani

I-Multiple myeloma wumdlavuza othinta amaseli akhiqizwa umnkantsha wethambo, obizwa ngama-plasmocyte, aqala ukungasebenzi kahle futhi ande ngendlela engahambi kahle emzimbeni.

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile, kanti nasezigabeni zokuqala asibangeli zimpawu, kuze kube yilapho ukuphindaphindeka kwamaseli e-plasma angaphelele kwanda kakhulu futhi kudala izimpawu nezimpawu ezifana nokushoda kwegazi, ukushintsha kwamathambo, ukwanda kwe-calcium yegazi, ukusebenza kwezinso okungasebenzi kahle ukwanda kokusebenza kwezinso ubungozi bokutheleleka.

I-myeloma eminingi isabhekwa njengesifo esingelapheki, noma kunjalo, ngezindlela zokwelashwa ezikhona njengamanje kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale izikhathi zokuqiniswa kwalesi sifo iminyaka ngisho namashumi eminyaka. Izinketho zokwelashwa ziboniswa yi-hematologist, futhi zifaka i-chemotherapy ngokuhlanganiswa kwemithi, ngaphezu kokufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo.

Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyinhloko

Esigabeni sokuqala, lesi sifo asibangeli zimpawu. Esigabeni esithuthuke kakhulu, i-myeloma eminingi ingadala:

• Ukwehla kwamandla omzimba;
• Ukukhathala;
• Ubuthakathaka;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla;
• Ukuncipha;
• Ubuhlungu bamathambo;
• Ukuhlukana kwamathambo njalo;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, njenge-anemia, kwehle amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi nama-platelets. Thola kabanzi mayelana nale nkinga enkulu yomnkantsha wamathambo.
• Ukuguqulwa kwezinzwa zomzimba.

Izimpawu ezihlobene nokwanda kwamazinga e-calcium, njengokukhathala, ukudideka kwengqondo noma i-arrhythmia, kanye nezinguquko ekusebenzeni kwezinso, njengokushintsha komchamo, nakho kungabonakala.

Ungaqinisekisa kanjani

Ukuhlonza i-myeloma eminingi, ngaphezu kokuhlolwa komtholampilo, i-hematologist izo-oda izivivinyo ezisiza ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo. O uzobese ukuhlolwa okubalulekile, njengoba kuyisifiso somnkantsha wamathambo esizovumela ukuhlaziywa kwamangqamuzana akha umnkantsha, ukwazi ukubona iqoqo leplasmocyte, okulesifo elihlala ngaphezu kuka-10% walesi siza. Qonda ukuthi yini i-myelogram nokuthi yenziwa kanjani.

Okunye ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kubizwa amaprotheni electrophoresis, okungenziwa ngesampula yegazi noma umchamo, futhi ikwazi ukubona ukwanda kwe-antibody enesici ekhiqizwa ama-plasmocyte, abizwa nge-protein M. Lezi zivivinyo zingagcwaliswa ngokuhlolwa kwe-immunological, njenge-protein immunofixation.

Kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza izivivinyo eziqapha futhi zihlolisise ubunzima besifo, njengokubala kwegazi ukuhlola i-anemia kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi, isilinganiso se-calcium, esingaphakanyiswa, ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso nokuhlolwa kwe-bone imaging, ama-radiographs ne-MRI.

Iqala kanjani i-myeloma eminingi

I-myeloma eminingi ngumdlavuza wemvelaphi yezakhi zofuzo, kepha izimbangela zayo ngqo azikaqondakali ngokuphelele. Kubanga ukuphindaphindeka okungahambisani kahle kwama-plasmocyte, angamaseli abalulekile akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethambo nomsebenzi wokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba wokuvikela umzimba.

Kubantu abanalesi sifo, la ma-plasmocyte angenza amaqoqo aqoqana emnkantsheni wethambo, abangele ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwawo, nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezahlukahlukene, njengamathambo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-plasmocyte awakhiqizi amasosha omzimba ngokufanele, akhiqize iprotheni engenamsebenzi ebizwa ngeprotein M, enokuthambekela okukhulu kokutheleleka namathuba okubangela ukuvinjelwa kwamatubu okuhlunga izinso.

Ingabe i-myeloma eminingi ingalapheka?

Kulezi zinsuku, ukwelashwa kwe-myeloma eminingi kuguqukele kakhulu maqondana nemithi etholakalayo, ngakho-ke, yize kungakashiwo ukuthi lesi sifo sinekhambi, kungenzeka ukuthi siphile naso ngendlela ezinzile iminyaka eminingi.

Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esedlule, isiguli esine-myeloma eminingi sasinda i-2, 4 noma okungenani iminyaka emihlanu, noma kunjalo, kulezi zinsuku futhi ngokwelashwa okufanele kungenzeka ukuba uphile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 noma engama-20. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi awukho umthetho, nokuthi icala ngalinye liyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezici eziningana, ezifana nobudala, izimo zempilo nokuba namandla kwalesi sifo.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kukhonjiswa kuphela kwiziguli ezine-myeloma enezimpawu eziningi, nalabo abanezivivinyo ezingajwayelekile kepha abangenazo izikhalazo zomzimba kufanele bahlale nodokotela wegazi, imvamisa enqunywe nguye, engaba njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha., Ngokwesibonelo.

Ezinye izinketho eziyinhloko zezidakamizwa zifaka i-Dexamethasone, i-Cyclophosphamide, i-Bortezomib, i-Thalidomide, i-Doxorubicin, i-Cisplatin noma i-Vincristine, ngokwesibonelo, eqondiswa yi-hematologist, evame ukuhlanganiswa, kumjikelezo we-chemotherapy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezidakamizwa eziningana ezihlolisiswayo ukuze kube lula ukwelashwa kweziguli ezinalesi sifo.

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kuyindlela enhle yokuphatha lesi sifo kahle, kodwa-ke, kunconywa kuphela iziguli ezingakhulile kakhulu, okungcono zingaphansi kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala, noma ezingenazo izifo ezibucayi ezinciphisa amandla azo omzimba, njengenhliziyo noma isifo samaphaphu. Thola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukufakelwa umnkantsha wenziwa kanjani, lapho kukhonjiswa nobungozi bawo.