Izinhlobo zezinqubo eMnyangweni Wokunakekelwa Okubaluleke Kakhulu Kwezinsana

-Delile

• Ukusekelwa Kwezomsoco
• Ukondla Nge-Intravenous Line (IV)
• Ukondla Ngomlomo
• Ezinye Izinqubo Ezijwayelekile ze-NICU
• Ama-X-Rays
• I-Ultrasound
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Nomchamo
• Amagesi Egazi
• IHematocrit neHemoglobin
• Igazi le-Urea Nitrogen (BUN) ne-Creatinine
• Amakhemikhali kasawoti
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Nomchamo
• Izinqubo Zokukala Uketshezi
• Ukumpontshelwa Igazi

Ukubeletha inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kunezinguquko eziningi zomzimba ezenzeka ezinganeni njengoba zijwayela impilo engaphandle kwesibeletho. Ukushiya isibeletho kusho ukuthi ngeke besakwazi ukuncika ku-placenta kamama ngemisebenzi ebucayi yomzimba, njengokuphefumula, ukudla, nokuqeda imfucuza. Lapho nje abantwana bengena emhlabeni, amasistimu abo omzimba kufanele ashintshe kakhulu futhi asebenze ndawonye ngendlela entsha. Ezinye zezinguquko ezinkulu ezidinga ukwenzeka zifaka okulandelayo:

• Amaphaphu kufanele agcwalise umoya futhi anikeze amaseli umoya-mpilo.
• Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kufanele luguquke ukuze kusatshalaliswe igazi nezakhamzimba.
• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla kufanele luqale ukucubungula ukudla nokukhipha imfucuza.
• Isibindi namasosha omzimba kumele aqale ukusebenza ngokuzimela.

Ezinye izingane zinobunzima ekwenzeni lezi zinguquko. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu uma bezalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okusho ukuthi ngaphambi kwamasonto angama-37, banesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, noma banesimo esidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lapho izingane zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngemuva kokubeletha, zivame ukungeniswa endaweni yesibhedlela eyaziwa njengeyunithi yokunakekelwa kwezibhedlela ezisanda kuzalwa (NICU). I-NICU inobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile futhi inamaqembu ochwepheshe abahlukene bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuhlinzeka ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezinsana ezisanda kuzabalaza. Akuzona zonke izibhedlela ezine-NICU futhi izingane ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu zingadinga ukudluliselwa kwesinye isibhedlela.

Ukubeletha ingane ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma egulayo kungalindeleka kunoma yimuphi umzali. Imisindo engajwayelekile, izinto zokubuka kanye nemishini ku-NICU nakho kungafaka isandla emizweni yokukhathazeka. Ukwazi izinhlobo zezinqubo ezenziwa ku-NICU kungakunika ukuthula kwengqondo njengoba ingane yakho ithola ukunakekelwa kwezidingo zayo ezithile.

Ukusekelwa Kwezomsoco

Ukwesekwa kokudla okunempilo kuyadingeka lapho ingane inenkinga yokugwinya noma inesimo esiphazamisa ukudla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane isathola izakhamzimba ezibalulekile, abasebenzi be-NICU bazoyondla ngomugqa ofaka intambo, obizwa nge-IV, noma ishubhu lokudla.

Ukondla Nge-Intravenous Line (IV)

Azikho izingane eziningi ezinesisindo sokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma eziphansi ezingondliwa phakathi namahora ambalwa okuqala e-NICU, futhi izingane eziningi ezigulayo azikwazi ukuthatha noma yini ngomlomo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukudla okwanele, abasebenzi be-NICU baqala i-IV ukuphatha uketshezi oluqukethe:

• amanzi
• ushukela
• i-sodium
• i-potassium
• i-chloride
• i-calcium
• i-magnesium
• i-phosphorus

Lolu hlobo lokusekelwa kokudla okunomsoco lubizwa ngokuthi yi-total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzobeka i-IV emthanjeni osekhanda lengane yakho, esandleni, noma emlenzeni ongezansi. I-IV eyodwa ihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kosuku olulodwa, ngakho-ke abasebenzi bangabeka ama-IV amaningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala. Kodwa-ke, izingane eziningi ekugcineni zidinga umsoco owengeziwe kunale migqa emincane ye-IV engakunikeza. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, abasebenzi bafaka i-catheter, okuwumugqa omude we-IV, emthanjeni omkhulu ukuze ingane yakho ithole izakhi eziphakeme.

Ama-catheters nawo angabekwa kuwo womabili umthambo we-umbilical and vein uma ingane yakho incane kakhulu noma igula. Uketshezi nemithi kunganikezwa ngama-catheters futhi igazi lingadonselwa izivivinyo zaselabhoratri. Uketshezi lwe-IV oluthe xaxa lungabuye lunikezwe ngale migqa yenkaba, okuvumela ingane ukuthi ithole umsoco ongcono. Ngokwengeziwe, imigqa yezimbambo ihlala isikhathi eside okungenani isonto elilodwa kune-IVs encane. Imigqa yemithambo yombilical nayo ingaxhunywa emshinini okala ngokuqhubekayo umfutho wegazi wengane.

Uma ingane yakho idinga i-TPN isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto elilodwa, odokotela bavame ukufaka olunye uhlobo lomugqa, obizwa ngokuthi umugqa ophakathi. Umugqa ophakathi ungahlala endaweni amasonto ambalwa kuze kube yilapho ingane yakho ingasayidingi i-TPN.

Ukondla Ngomlomo

Ukondla ngomlomo, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukudla okunomsoco, kufanele kuqalwe ngokushesha okukhulu. Lolu hlobo lokusekelwa kokudla okunempilo lukhuthaza ipheshana lengane yakho emathunjini (i-GI) ukuthi likhule futhi liqale ukusebenza. Ingane encane kakhulu ingadinga kuqala ukondliwa ngepayipi elincane lepulasitiki elingena ngomlomo noma ngamakhala nangasesiswini. Inani elincane lobisi lwebele noma ifomula linikezwa ngale tube. Ezimweni eziningi, ingane inikezwa inhlanganisela ye-TPN kanye nokudla okunomsoco ekuqaleni, ngoba kungathatha isikhashana ukuthi ipheshana le-GI lijwayele ukuphakelwa kwangaphakathi.

Ingane idinga cishe ama-calories ayi-120 ngosuku ngawo wonke amakhilogremu angu-2.2, noma ikhilogremu elilodwa, lesisindo. Ifomula ejwayelekile nobisi lwebele kuqukethe ama-calories angama-20 nge-ounce ngalinye. Ingane enesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi ngokweqile kufanele ithole ubisi oluyisipesheli noma ubisi lwebele oluqinisiwe oluqukethe okungenani ama-khalori angama-24 nge-ounce elilodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula okwanele. Ubisi lwebele oluqinile kanye nefomula kuqukethe izakhi zomzimba ezingagaywa kalula ngumntwana onesisindo esiphansi.

Kungathatha isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba zonke izidingo zokudla okunomsoco kwengane zihlangatshezwe ngokudla okunomsoco. Amathumbu engane encane imvamisa awakwazi ukubekezelela ukwanda okusheshayo kwenani lobisi noma ifomula, ngakho-ke ukwanda kokuphakelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha futhi kancane kancane.

Ezinye Izinqubo Ezijwayelekile ze-NICU

Abasebenzi be-NICU bangenza futhi ezinye izinqubo kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwengane kuhlala kusendleleni.

Ama-X-Rays

Ama-X-ray angenye yezivivinyo ezenziwa kakhulu ze-imaging ku-NICU. Bavumela odokotela ukuthi babone ingaphakathi lomzimba ngaphandle kokwenza ukusikeka. Ku-NICU, ama-X-ray avame ukwenziwa ukuhlola isifuba sengane nokuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. I-X-ray yesisu nayo ingenziwa uma ingane inenkinga yokuphakelwa kwangaphakathi.

I-Ultrasound

I-Ultrasound olunye uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-imaging okungenziwa ngabasebenzi be-NICU. Isebenzisa amaza omsindo wemvamisa ephezulu ukukhiqiza izithombe eziningiliziwe zezakhiwo zomzimba ezahlukahlukene, njengezitho, imithambo yegazi, nezicubu. Ukuhlolwa akunabungozi futhi akubangeli buhlungu. Zonke izingane ezinesisindo sokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nangaphansi zivivinywa njalo kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukopha kugebhezi.

Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Nomchamo

Abasebenzi be-NICU banga-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo ukuze kuhlolwe:

Amagesi Egazi

Amagesi asegazini afaka umoya-mpilo, isikhutha, ne-asidi. Amazinga egesi egazi angasiza abasebenzi ukuthi bahlole ukuthi amaphaphu asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi kungadingeka usizo olungakanani lokuphefumula. Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi imvamisa kubandakanya ukufaka igazi ku-catheter yegazi. Uma ingane ingenayo i-arterial catheter endaweni, isampula yegazi ingatholakala ngokuhlaba isithende somntwana.

IHematocrit neHemoglobin

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kunganikeza imininingwane yokuthi i-oxygen nezakhamzimba zisatshalaliswa kahle kanjani emzimbeni wonke. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit ne-hemoglobin kudinga isampula encane yegazi. Lesi sampula singatholwa ngokuhlaba isithende sengane noma ngokususa igazi emgodleni we-arterial catheter.

Igazi le-Urea Nitrogen (BUN) ne-Creatinine

Izinga le-urea nitrogen ne-creatinine likhombisa ukuthi izinso zisebenza kahle kangakanani.Izilinganiso ze-BUN ne-creatinine zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuhlolwa komchamo.

Amakhemikhali kasawoti

Lawa sawoti afaka i-sodium, i-glucose, ne-potassium, phakathi kokunye. Ukukala amazinga kasawoti wamakhemikhali kunganikeza imininingwane ephelele mayelana nempilo yengane isiyonke.

Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Nomchamo

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kungenziwa njalo emahoreni ambalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zomzimba wengane nemisebenzi iyathuthuka.

Izinqubo Zokukala Uketshezi

Abasebenzi be-NICU balinganisa lonke uketshezi oluthathwa yingane nalo lonke uketshezi ingane ekhipha kulo. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi banqume ukuthi amazinga oketshezi alinganisiwe yini. Baphinde balinganise ingane kaningi ukuhlola ukuthi ingane idinga uketshezi olungakanani. Ukukala ingane nsuku zonke futhi kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi bahlole ukuthi ingane iqhuba kahle kanjani.

Ukumpontshelwa Igazi

Izingane ezise-NICU zivame ukudinga ukumpontshelwa igazi ngenxa yokuthi izitho zazo ezakha igazi azivuthiwe futhi azikhiqizi amaseli abomvu ngokwanele noma ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi zilahlekelwa yigazi eliningi ngenxa yenani lezivivinyo zegazi ezidinga ukwenziwa

Ukumpontshelwa igazi kugcwalisa igazi futhi kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ingane ihlala iphilile. Igazi linikezwa ingane ngomugqa we-IV.

Kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile ngengane yakho ngenkathi ise-NICU. Yazi ukuthi basezandleni eziphephile nokuthi abasebenzi benza konke okusemandleni ukuthuthukisa umbono wengane yakho. Ungesabi ukuzwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwakho noma ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nezinqubo ezenziwayo. Ukubandakanyeka ekunakekelweni kwengane yakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ongase uzizwe. Kungasiza futhi ukuba nabangane nabathandekayo nawe ngenkathi ingane yakho iseNICU. Bangakunikeza ukusekelwa nokuqondiswa lapho ukudinga.