Yiziphi Izigaba Zokuthuthuka Zobungqingili zikaFreud?

-Delile

• Uvelaphi lo mbono?
• Isigaba ngasinye sihambisana nengxabano ethile
• Kungenzeka "ukubambeka" bese uyeka ukuthuthuka
• Isigaba somlomo
• Isigaba sendunu
• Isigaba sobudoda
• I-Oedipus complex
• Inkimbinkimbi ye-Electra
• Isigaba sokubambezeleka
• Isigaba sangasese
• Ngabe kukhona ukugxekwa okufanele kubhekwe?
• Ngakho-ke, le mbono ibambelela kanjani osukwini lwethu?
• Ingabe ikhona eminye imibono okufanele icatshangelwe?
• Okubalulekile

Wake wezwa imishwana ethi "umona wepipi," "i-Oedipal complex," noma "ukulungiswa komlomo"?

Bonke bahlanganiswa yi-psychoanalyst eyaziwayo uSigmund Freud njengengxenye yethiyori yakhe yentuthuko yobungqingili.

Ngeke siqambe amanga - ngaphandle kwe-PhD kwi-psychology yabantu, imibono kaFreud ingazwakala njengeningi kakhulu ingqondo.

Ukungakhathazeki! Sabeka ndawonye lo mhlahlandlela wokuxoxa ukukusiza uqonde ukuthi kuyini ukuthuthukiswa kobungqingili.

Uvelaphi lo mbono?

"Umbono lo wavela kuFreud ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1900s njengendlela yokuqonda nokuchaza ukugula ngengqondo nokuphazamiseka emoyeni," kuchaza udokotela wezifo zengqondo uDana Dorfman, PhD.

Isigaba ngasinye sihambisana nengxabano ethile

Umbono unezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kunekhekhe lomshado, kodwa ubhekela lokhu: Ubumnandi bezocansi budlala indima enkulu ekukhuleni komuntu.

Ngokusho kukaFreud, yonke ingane "enempilo" iguquka ngezigaba ezinhlanu ezihlukene:

• ngomlomo
• indunu
• isitho sowesilisa
• isicashile
• isitho sangasese

Isigaba ngasinye sihlotshaniswa nengxenye ethile yomzimba, noma ikakhulukazi, indawo erogenous.

Indawo ngayinye ingumthombo wenjabulo nengxabano ngesikhathi sayo.

“Amandla engane okuxazulula lolo dweshu anquma ukuthi bakwazile yini ukudlulela esigabeni esilandelayo,” kuchaza umeluleki onguchwepheshe onelayisense uDkt.Mark Mayfield, umsunguli nomphathi omkhulu weMayfield Counselling Centres.

Kungenzeka "ukubambeka" bese uyeka ukuthuthuka

Uma uxazulula ukungqubuzana esigabeni esithile, uqhubekela ezingeni elilandelayo lentuthuko.

Kepha uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, uFreud wakholwa ukuthi uzohlala ngqo lapho ukhona.

Ungahlala ubambekile, ungalokothi uqhubekele esigabeni esilandelayo, noma uthuthuke kepha ukhombisa izinsalela noma izingqinamba ezingasonjululwanga esigabeni esedlule.

UFreud ukholelwa ukuthi kunezizathu ezimbili ezibangele ukuthi abantu babhajwe:

1. Izidingo zabo zentuthuko azihlangatshezwanga ngokwanele ngesikhathi sesiteji, okwadala ukukhungatheka.
2. Izidingo zabo zentuthuko zazikhona ngakho-ke bahlangana kahle ukuthi babengafuni ukushiya isimo sokuzitika.

Kokubili kungaholela kulokho akubiza ngokuthi "ukulungiswa" endaweni erogenous ehlotshaniswa nesiteji.

Isibonelo, umuntu "onamathele" esigabeni somlomo angajabulela ngokweqile ukuba nezinto emlonyeni wakhe.

Isigaba somlomo

• Ibanga lobudala: Ukuzalwa unyaka owodwa
• Indawo ene-erogenous: Umlomo

Ngokushesha: Cabanga ngengane. Amathuba wokuthi ubonwe ngeso lengqondo isikhohlakali esincane sihleli kubhampa waso, simomotheka, futhi simunca iminwe yabo.

Yebo, ngokusho kukaFreud, phakathi nalesi sigaba sokuqala sentuthuko, i-libido yomuntu itholakala emlonyeni wabo. Okusho ukuthi umlomo uwumthombo oyinhloko wobumnandi.

“Lesi sigaba sihambisana nokuncelisa, ukuluma, ukuncela, nokuhlola umhlaba ngokufaka izinto emlonyeni,” kusho uDkt Dorfman.

Umbono kaFreud uthi izinto ezinjengokuklinya ngokweqile kwezinsini, ukuluma izinzipho, nokuncela izithupha kususelwa ekuzithokoziseni ngomlomo okuncane kakhulu noma okweqile.

"Ukudla ngokweqile, ukuphuza ngokweqile, nokubhema nakho kuthiwa kubangelwa ukukhula kabi kwalesi sigaba sokuqala," esho.

Isigaba sendunu

• Ibanga lobudala: Uneminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-3 ubudala
• Indawo ene-erogenous: ingquza kanye nesinye

Ukubeka izinto emseleni ongaphambili kungahle kusebenze, kepha kulesi sigaba ubumnandi bususelwa ekufakeni ungene, kodwa efuqa koku, ingquza.

Yebo, leyo yikhodi yokuphoqa.

UFreud wayekholelwa ukuthi phakathi nalesi sigaba, ukuqeqeshwa kwamabhodlela nokufunda ukulawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu akho nesinye kuyimbangela enkulu yenjabulo nengxabano.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwezindlu zangasese empeleni kungumzali otshela ingane ukuthi ingaphonsa nini futhi kuphi, futhi kungukuhlangana komuntu kokuqala negunya.

Umbono uthi indlela umzali enza ngayo inqubo yokuqeqeshwa kwendlu yangasese inomthelela ekutheni umuntu asebenzisane kanjani negunya njengoba bekhula.

Ukuqeqeshwa okunamandla okucatshangelwa ukuthi kubangela abantu abadala ukuthi bangabambeleli endunu: abafuna ukuphelela, bathanda inhlanzeko nokulawula.

Ukuqeqeshwa kweLiberal, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwe kudala ukuthi umuntu axoshwe endunu: abe namahloni, angahlelekile, abeke ngokweqile futhi abe nemingcele emibi.

Isigaba sobudoda

• Ibanga lobudala: Uneminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengu-6 ubudala
• Indawo ene-erogenous: izitho zangasese, ikakhulukazi umthondo

Njengoba ungaqagela kusuka egameni, lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukulungiswa kwepipi.

UFreud uphakamise ukuthi kubafana abancane, lokhu kusho ukuthatheka ngepipi labo.

Emantombazaneni amancane, lokhu kwakusho ukuzinza ekutheni awanawo umthondo, isipiliyoni asibiza ngokuthi "umona wepipi."

I-Oedipus complex

Isakhiwo se-Oedipus singenye yemibono ephikisana kakhulu kaFreud.

Kususelwa enganekwaneni yamaGrikhi lapho insizwa okuthiwa u-Oedipus ibulala khona uyise bese ishada nonina. Lapho ethola lokho akwenzile, ukhipha amehlo akhe.

“UFreud wayekholelwa ukuthi wonke umfana ukhangwa ngonina,” kuchaza uDkt. Mayfield.

Futhi ukuthi wonke umfana ukholelwa ukuthi uma ubaba wakhe ethola, ubaba wakhe uzosusa into umfana omncane ayithanda kakhulu emhlabeni: ipipi lakhe.

Nakhu kukhona ukukhathazeka kokuthena.

Ngokusho kukaFreud, abafana bagcina bethathe isinqumo sokuba ngobaba babo - ngokulingisa - kunokuba balwe nabo.

UFreud ubize lokhu "ukuhlonza" futhi wakholwa ukuthi ekugcineni kwaba kanjani ukuthi isixazululo se-Oedipus sixazululwe.

Inkimbinkimbi ye-Electra

Esinye isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, uCarl Jung, wahlanganisa “i-Electra Complex” ngo-1913 ukuze achaze umuzwa ofanayo emantombazaneni.

Ngamafuphi, ithi amantombazane amancane ancintisana nomama bawo ngokunakekelwa ngokocansi ngoyise.

Kodwa uFrud wenqabile ilebula, ephikisa ngokuthi bobabili ubulili bathola okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile kulesi sigaba okungafanele kuhlanganiswe.

Manje wenze UFreud ukholelwa ukuthi kwenzekile emantombazaneni kulesi sigaba?

Uphakamise ukuthi amantombazane athande omama bawo aze abone ukuthi awanawo umthondo, bese ezinamathela koyise.

Kamuva, baqala ukuzibandakanya nomama babo ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlekelwa uthando lwabo - into ayakha "isimo sengqondo sabesifazane base-Oedipus."

Ukholelwe ukuthi lesi sigaba sibalulekile emantombazaneni ukuthi aqonde indima yawo njengabesifazane emhlabeni, kanye nobulili bawo.

Isigaba sokubambezeleka

• Ibanga lobudala: Uneminyaka engu-7 kuya kwengu-10 ubudala, noma isikole sabaqalayo nge-preadolescence
• Indawo ene-erogenous: N / A, imizwa yezocansi ayisebenzi

Esigabeni sokubambezeleka, i-libido ikumodi "yokungaphazamisi."

UFrud waphikisa ngokuthi kulapho amandla ezocansi ayethunyelwa emisebenzini ekhuthele, ye-asexual njengokufunda, ukuzilibazisa, kanye nobudlelwano kwezenhlalo.

Ube nomuzwa wokuthi lesi sigaba yilapho abantu bethuthukisa amakhono enempilo okuxhumana nabantu.

Ukholelwe ukuthi ukwehluleka ukudlula kulesi sigaba kungaholela ekuvuthweni impilo yonke, noma ukungakwazi ukuba nokugcina ubudlelwano bezocansi obujabulisayo nobungenabulili njengomuntu omdala.

Isigaba sangasese

• Ibanga lobudala: 12 kuya phezulu, noma ukuthomba kuze kube sekufeni
• Indawo ene-erogenous: izitho zangasese

Isigaba sokugcina kulo mbono siqala lapho usuthomba futhi, njenge "Grey's Anatomy," asipheli. Yilapho i-libido iphinda ibuye.

Ngokusho kukaFreud, lokhu kulapho umuntu eqala ukuba nentshisekelo eqinile yezocansi kwabobulili obuhlukile.

Futhi, uma isigaba siphumelela, kulapho abantu beya ocansini bobulili obuhlukile futhi bakhe ubuhlobo obunothando, bokuphila konke nomuntu wobulili obuhlukile.

Ngabe kukhona ukugxekwa okufanele kubhekwe?

Ukube ubufunda ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene futhi uvula amehlo akho ukuthi eminye yale mibono ikuphi, awuwedwa! - i-hetero-centric, binaristic, misogynistic, and monogamous minded

UDkt.Dorfman uthi uFreud uvame ukugxekwa ngokuthi lezi zigaba zigxile kwabesilisa, zihluke kanjani futhi zinamandla kangakanani.

"Yize kube nezinguquko ngesikhathi sazo, umphakathi uguquke kakhulu selokhu kwaqala le mibono eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule," esho. "Umbono omkhulu uphelelwe yisikhathi, awusebenzi futhi uchemile."

Kodwa ungakutholi kusontekile, noma kunjalo. UFreud wayesabaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezengqondo.

"Wadudula imingcele, wabuza imibuzo, futhi wakha umbono owakhuthaza futhi waphonsela inselelo izizukulwane eziningana ukuthi zihlole izici ezahlukahlukene zengqondo yomuntu," kusho uDkt.

"Besingeke sibe lapho sikhona namhlanje ngaphansi kwezinhlaka zethu zethiyori ukube uFreud ubengaqali lolu hlelo."

Sawubona, isikweletu lapho kufanele khona isikweletu!

Ngakho-ke, le mbono ibambelela kanjani osukwini lwethu?

Namuhla, bambalwa abantu abazisekela ngokuqinile izigaba zokukhula kobungqingili bukaFreud njengoba kwakubhaliwe.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba kuchaza uDkt.

Ingabe ikhona eminye imibono okufanele icatshangelwe?

“Yebo!” Kusho uDkt Mayfield. Ziningi kakhulu ukuthi singazibala! ”

Eminye yemibono eyaziwa kakhulu ifaka phakathi:

• Izigaba Zokuthuthuka zika-Erik Erickson
• Izimbangela Zokuthuthuka zikaJean Piaget
• Izigaba Zokuthuthukiswa Kokuziphatha kukaLawrence Kohlberg

Lokho kusho, akukho ukuvumelana ngombono owodwa "olungile".

"Inkinga ngemibono yasesiteji yentuthuko ukuthi bavame ukufaka abantu ebhokisini futhi abavumeli indawo yokuhlukahluka noma abathengisi," kusho uDkt. Mayfield.

Ngamunye unobuhle nobubi bawo okufanele abucabangele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubheka umqondo ngamunye kumongo wesikhathi sawo nakumuntu ngamunye ngokuphelele.

"Yize imibono yasesiteji ingasiza ekuqondeni omaka bokuthuthuka ohambweni lwentuthuko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezinkulungwane zabanikeli abahlukahlukene entuthukweni yomuntu," kusho uMayfield.

Okubalulekile

Manje ezibhekwa njengeziphelelwe yisikhathi, izigaba zokukhula kobungqingili zikaFreud azisasebenzi kakhulu.

Kepha ngoba ziyisisekelo semibono eminingi yosuku lwanamuhla ngentuthuko, kufanele bazi kubantu abake bazibuza ukuthi, "Umuntu uba kanjani?"

UGabrielle Kassel ungumbhali wezocansi nowezempilo ozinze eNew York noMqeqeshi weCrossFit Level 1. Ube ngumuntu wasekuseni, uvivinye ama-vibrator angaphezu kwama-200, futhi wadliwa, wadakwa, futhi wahluzwa ngamalahle - konke egameni lobuntatheli. Ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala, angatholakala efunda izincwadi zokuzisiza namanoveli othando, ukucindezela ibhentshi, noma ukudansa kwepali. Mlandele ku-Instagram.