Amanzi Ajwayelekile Ahlanzwe nalawo Athulisiwe: Uyini Umehluko?

-Delile

• Ayini Amanzi Ahlanziwe?
• Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zamanzi Ahlanzekile
• Ukuwa Okungenzeka Kwamanzi Ahlanziwe
• Amanzi Ahluziwe Wuhlobo Lwamanzi Ahlanziwe
• Izinzuzo Zamanzi Ahluziwe
• Izingozi Ezingaba khona Zamanzi Ahluziwe
• Ingabe Kufanele Ukhethe Amanzi Ahlanziwe Ngaphezulu Kwamanzi Ajwayelekile?
• Uwahlanza Kanjani Amanzi Akho Okuphuza
• Okusemqoka

Ukuthola amanzi ngendlela efanelekile kubalulekile empilweni yakho.

Iseli ngalinye emzimbeni wakho lidinga amanzi ukuze asebenze kahle, yingakho kufanele uqhubeke nokuthambisa usuku lonke.

Iningi labantu liyazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukungenisa amanzi, kepha abanye badidekile ngohlobo lwamanzi olungcono kakhulu ukuphuza.

Le ndatshana iphenya ngomehluko phakathi kwamanzi ahlanziwe, ahluziwe kanye nalawo ajwayelekile ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwe-hydration.

Ayini Amanzi Ahlanziwe?

Amanzi ahlanziwe ngamanzi ahlungiwe noma acutshungulwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana namakhemikhali nokunye ukungcola.

Imvamisa kukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma amanzi ompompi.

Ngokuhlanzwa, izinhlobo eziningi zokungcola ziyasuswa, kufaka phakathi ():

• Amagciwane
• Ulwelwe
• Isikhunta
• Izimuncagazi
• Izinsimbi ezinjengethusi nomthofu
• Ukungcoliswa kwamakhemikhali

Izindlela eziningana zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi ngokuhweba nasekhaya.

Emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga, amanzi okuphuza omphakathi ayahlanzwa ukwenza amanzi aphephe ukusetshenziswa ngabantu.

Kodwa-ke, izindinganiso zamanzi okuphuza emhlabeni wonke ziyahlukahluka futhi ngokujwayelekile zisuselwa kumithethonqubo kahulumeni noma kumazinga wamazwe omhlaba.

Eqinisweni, i-World Health Organisation ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-2.1 abanawo amanzi okuphuza aphephile ().

Emazweni ahlanza amanzi okuphuza omphakathi, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwelashwa zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amanzi aphephe, kufaka phakathi ():

• Coagulation kanye flocculation: Amakhemikhali akhokhiswa kahle afakwa emanzini ukuze aboshwe ngezinhlayiya ezishajwe kabi ukuze ahlungwe. Lokhu kwakha izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezibizwa nge-floc.
• Izilingo: Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, i-floc ihlala phansi emanzini, ihlukaniswe namanzi ahlanzekile.
• Ukuhlunga Amanzi ahlanzekile ngaphezulu kokuphakelayo bese egeleza ngezinhlelo eziningi zokuhlunga ezenziwe ngesihlabathi, amalahle kanye nohlalu. Lokhu kususa ukungcola okunjengothuli, amabhaktheriya, amakhemikhali namagciwane.
• Ukubulala amagciwane: Ngalesi sinyathelo, izibulala-magciwane zamakhemikhali ezinjenge-chlorine zengezwa emanzini ukubulala noma yimaphi amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane asele okungenzeka asindile ezinyathelweni ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanzi angaphathwa ngokuhlukile kuye ngendawo kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi endawo.

Isifinyezo: Amanzi ahlanzekile ngamanzi asetshenzisiwe ukukhipha ukungcola okufana nokungcola namakhemikhali. Emazweni amaningi, amanzi ompompi ayahlanzwa ukuze kuphephe ukusetshenziswa ngabantu.

Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zamanzi Ahlanzekile

Ngenkathi amanzi ompompi ephephile ukuwaphuza ezindaweni eziningi, kungenzeka ukuthi aqukethe nokungcola kokulandela.

Isibonelo, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ibeka imikhawulo yezomthetho ethathwa njengephephile kubathengi kokungcoliswa okungaphezu kwama-90 emanzini okuphuza (4).

Kodwa-ke, iSecurity Water Drinking Act inika amazwe ngamanye amandla okulawula amazinga awo wamanzi okuphuza, inqobo nje uma ehlangabezana nezimfuneko ezisezingeni eliphansi ze-EPA zokungcola (5).

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izifundazwe zinemithetho eqinile yokuphuza amanzi kunezinye.

Yize kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi okuphuza omphakathi aphephile ukusetshenziswa, angaqukatha inani elithile lokungcola okungaba nomthelela omubi empilweni.

Isibonelo, izinsimbi ezisindayo zihola futhi ithusi linobuthi obukhulu empilweni. Kungadala ukucindezeleka kwesisu futhi kuholele ekulimaleni kobuchopho lapho kufakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhathi (,).

Lezi zinsimbi ezisindayo zaziwa ngokungena emanzini okuphuza, ngisho nasemazweni lapho imithombo yamanzi yomphakathi ilawulwa eduze ().

Ngokusebenzisa izihlungi zamanzi asekhaya noma ukuphuza amanzi asemabhodleleni ahlanziwe, amanzi okuphuza adlula kwelinye izinga lokuhlanzwa okungasusa izinsimbi, amakhemikhali nokunye ukungcola, kuya ngohlobo lohlelo lokuhlanzwa olusetshenzisiwe.

Izinhlelo zokuhlanzwa kwamanzi njengezihlungi zamalahle zisusa i-chlorine, ikhemikhali ejwayelekile engezwa emanzini omphakathi njengesibulala-magciwane.

Ucwaningo oluningi luxhumanise amanzi ane-chlorine nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza othile, kufaka phakathi umdlavuza we-colorectal cancer (,).

Enye inzuzo yokuhlanzwa kwamanzi ukuthi isusa ukunambitheka okungathandeki okuhambisana nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, izinto eziphilayo noma amapayipi wensimbi, ikushiye namanzi okuphuza amnandi futhi anganambitheki.

Isifinyezo: Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi kususa ukungcola okungahlala emanzini okuphuza futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yamanzi nokunambitheka.

Ukuwa Okungenzeka Kwamanzi Ahlanziwe

Ngenkathi amanzi ahlanziwe enezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, futhi anezinkinga ezithile ezingaba khona.

Isibonelo, i-fluoride iyiminerali engezwa kokuphakelwa kwamanzi emphakathini emazweni athile ukwenza ngcono impilo yamazinyo nokunciphisa ukubola kwamazinyo ().

Yize lo mkhuba uholele ekwehleni kokubola kwamazinyo ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisengcupheni, abanye bathi amanzi ane-fluoridated awazifanele izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwawo.

Amazinga we-fluoride ngokweqile angaba nobuthi kuwo womabili amangqamuzana obuchopho nawenzwa, futhi ukuvezwa isikhathi eside emazingeni aphezulu e-fluoride kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokufunda, inkumbulo nokushoda kwengqondo ().

Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe bathi izinga le-fluoride etholakala emanzini okuphuza liphephile futhi linenzuzo ekwehliseni ukubola kwamazinyo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezivezwa kuphela yi-fluoride ngamanzi okuphuza ().

Ucwaningo ngokuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwamanzi afuthiza luyaqhubeka, kepha labo abaphuza amanzi ahlanziwe kufanele bazi ukuthi ezinye izinhlelo zokuhlanza zisusa i-fluoride emanzini okuphuza.

Okunye ukungalungi kwamanzi ahlanziwe kufaka:

• Ukugcinwa: Izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi kufanele zigcinwe njalo. Uma inganakekelwa kahle, ukungcoliswa kungakha okokuhlunga okudala bese kungena emanzini akho okuphuza.
• Kwangathi ungasusi okunye ukungcola: Yize izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi zisusa ukungcola okuningi, izibulala-zinambuzane ezithile namakhemikhali angahlala emanzini ahlanziwe ngokuya ngohlobo lokuhlanzwa okusetshenzisiwe.
• Izindleko: Kokubili ukufaka uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi emakhaya nokuthenga amanzi asemabhodleleni ahlanzekile kungabiza, ezinye izinhlelo zibiza amakhulu amadola.
• Ukusingathwa: Ukuthenga amanzi ahlanziwe emabhodleleni epulasitiki kuholela enqwelweni kadoti, njengokulahla izihlungi ezisetshenzisiwe kusuka ezinhlelweni zokuhlanza ekhaya.

Isifinyezo: Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi kungenzeka kungasusi konke ukungcola emanzini okuphuza, futhi izinhlelo ezithile zokuzihlanza zingabiza futhi zibandakanye ukugcinwa. Izindlela ezithile zokuhlanza zisusa i-fluoride, okuyiminerali engezwe emanzini okuphuza ukuthuthukisa impilo yamazinyo.

Amanzi Ahluziwe Wuhlobo Lwamanzi Ahlanziwe

Amanzi adonswe adlule enqubweni yokuphuza iziphuzo ukuze kususwe ukungcola.

Ukuphuzisa utshwala kubandakanya amanzi abilayo nokuqoqa umusi, obuyela emanzini lapho usupholile.

Le nqubo isebenza kahle kakhulu ekususeni ukungcola okufana nama-bacteria, ama-virus, i-protozoa efana ne-giardia namakhemikhali afana ne-lead ne-sulfate (14).

Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi acolisisiwe ahlanzeke ngokuphelele, ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zezokwelapha nasemalabhorethri.

Yize ukuphuza amanzi afihliwe kungavamile njengokuphuza ezinye izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanziwe, abanye abantu bakhetha ukuwaphuza ngoba awanakho ukungcola.

Izinzuzo Zamanzi Ahluziwe

I-distillation yamanzi iyindlela ephumelelayo yokususa ukungcola emanzini okuphuza.

Izinga lezibulala-zinambuzane namanye amakhemikhali emithonjeni yamanzi yomphakathi njengamanzi ompompi lizoxhomeka endaweni okuyo nakuma-ejensi alawula ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza ezweni lakho.

Amanzi acolisisiwe empeleni awanakho ukungcola okufana ne-pesticides kanye nama-bacteria, angasiza kakhulu kulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Isibonelo, labo abane-HIV / AIDS kanye nomdlavuza othile basengozini enkulu yokugula ngenxa yokungcola ekudleni nasemanzini futhi bangahlomula ngokuphuza amanzi acolisisiwe ().

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezinye izindlela zokuhlanzwa, amanzi acolisisiwe asusa kahle i-chlorine emanzini okuphuza, angenza ngcono ukunambitheka kwamanzi ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho ku-chlorine.

Izingozi Ezingaba khona Zamanzi Ahluziwe

Ngenkathi amanzi acolisisiwe kunguhlobo lwamanzi olumsulwa, akuyona impilo enempilo.

Inqubo yokuphuzisa utshwala iyasebenza kakhulu ekususeni ukungcola okungaba yingozi, kepha futhi isusa amaminerali emvelo nama-electrolyte atholakala emanzini.

Kanye nokungcola okungafuneki, amaminerali alusizo afana ne-calcium ne-magnesium nawo asala ngemuva njengoba umusi ukhuphuka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphuzisa.

Eqinisweni, iziphuzo zazihluzwa ngokuvamile zisusa cishe ama-99.9% awo wonke amaminerali atholakala emanzini ompompi (16).

Yize amanzi kungacatshangwa ukuthi angumthombo wamaminerali, noma isiphi isici esiholela ekwehleni kokudla kwezakhi ezibalulekile zemithi singayilimaza impilo yakho.

Isibonelo, amanzi okuphuza angenawo i-calcium ne-magnesium amaningi ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokwaphuka, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nesifo senhliziyo (,).

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi amanzi ompompi awawona umthombo omkhulu wokutholwa kwamaminerali kubantu abaningi, futhi ukuphuza amanzi acolisisiwe kufanele kuphephe uma nje kulandelwa ukudla okunomsoco.

Njengezinye izindlela zokuhlanzwa, i-distillation isusa i-fluoride emanzini okuphuza, okungabeka labo abakhetha ukuphuza amanzi acwecwe engcupheni eyengeziwe yemigodi.

Lokhu kwenza kubaluleke kulabo abaphuza amanzi acolisisiwe ukugcina inhlanzeko efanele yamazinyo.

Isifinyezo: Amanzi acolisisiwe wuhlobo lwamanzi ahlanziwe olungenakho ukungcola. Inqubo yokuphuzisa utshwala isusa i-fluoride namaminerali emvelo atholakala emanzini okuphuza.

Ingabe Kufanele Ukhethe Amanzi Ahlanziwe Ngaphezulu Kwamanzi Ajwayelekile?

Ezimweni eziningi, imithombo yamanzi okuphuza yomphakathi njengamanzi ompompi iphephile ngenxa yemikhawulo eqinile yokungcola ebekwe izinhlangano ezilawulayo.

Kodwa-ke, amanzi okuphuza angangcoliswa yimithombo yemvelo noma okwenziwa ngabantu, kuthinte ikhwalithi yamanzi (19).

Ngalesi sizathu, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuthi utshale imali ohlelweni lokuhlanza amanzi asekhaya, ikakhulukazi labo abangenakho ukuzivikela emzimbeni futhi abangaba sengozini yokugula ngenxa yamanzi angcolile.

Emazweni lapho ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kuyinkinga, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka ngokuntuleka kwendle efanele, ukukhetha amanzi asemabhodleleni noma ahlanziwe kuyindlela ephephe kakhulu njalo.

Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zokuhlanza ziyatholakala, kufaka phakathi amalahle kanye nezihlungi ze-UV, ezisusa ukungcola okungasinda kwinqubo yokuqala, enkulu yokuhlanzwa amanzi amaningi ompompi ahamba ngayo.

Ukusho lokho, emazweni lapho amanzi okuphuza omphakathi elawulwa ngekhwalithi nokuphepha, amanzi okuphuza aphephile ngokuqhathaniswa.

Uma ungabaza izinga lamanzi akho ompompi, ungawahlola lawo manzi ngokuthenga ikhithi yokuhlola ikhaya noma uthinte i-ejensi yokuhlola amanzi endaweni yangakini.

Isifinyezo: Yize ukusebenzisa amanzi ompompi kuphephile emazweni lapho kulawulwa khona amanzi okuphuza, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi kungadingeka ezindaweni lapho ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kuyinkinga.

Uwahlanza Kanjani Amanzi Akho Okuphuza

Imithombo eminingi yomphakathi yamanzi okuphuza ilawulwa ukuphepha, kepha abanye abantu bakhetha ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza amanzi emakhaya ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi.

Amayunithi okwelashwa kwamanzi angathuthukisa ukunambitheka noma iphunga lamanzi ompompi futhi asuse ukungcola okuthile.

Izinhlelo zokwelashwa kwePoint-of-use (POU) zihlanza kuphela amanzi asetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa (ukuphuza nokupheka). Izinhlelo zokwelashwa kwe-Point-of-entry (PUE) ngokuvamile ziphatha wonke amanzi angena ekhaya (20).

Izinhlelo ze-POU azibizi kakhulu ngakho-ke zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emakhaya.

Lezi zinhlelo zokuhlunga zinamathisela ompompi noma zihlale ngaphansi kukasinki futhi zingena ngemiphanda yamanzi emile enezihlungi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi njengesihlungi samanzi saseBrita esidumile.

Amanye amafriji nawo eza nezinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Iningi lezinhlelo zokuhlunga amanzi zisebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza ezilandelayo ():

• Ukuhlunga Izinhlelo zokuhlunga zifaka ukungcola okungadingeki ebusweni noma izimbotshana zendlela yokumunca. Izihlungi zamalahle ziwela kulesi sigaba.
• Ukubuyela emuva osmosis: Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa ulwelwesi olungenakususwa olususa ukungcola.
• Ukukhanya kwe-UV: Izinhlelo zokuhlunga ukukhanya kwe-UV zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukubulala amagciwane emanzini ngokubulala amagciwane namagciwane angaba yingozi.

Ngokuya ngohlobo nemodeli, amanani angasuka ku- $ 20 aye emakhulwini amadola.

Akunandaba ukuthi ukhetha luphi uhlobo lokuhlunga, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka imikhiqizo enezitifiketi ezivela kuma-ejensi alawulayo afana ne-American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ne-NSF International.

Lezi zinhlaka ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi emakhaya ziyahlangabezana noma zeqe izindinganiso zikazwelonke zamanzi okuphuza (22).

Izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi ekhaya kufanele zigcinwe kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizi zokugcinwa, kufaka phakathi ukufaka isihlungi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi akho ahlanzwa kahle.

Isifinyezo: Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlanza amanzi akho okuphuza, kufaka phakathi izihlungi zamalahle, amasistimu wokuhlunga ukukhanya kwe-UV kanye nezinhlelo ze-osmosis eziguqukayo.

Okusemqoka

Ukutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile kubalulekile empilweni.

Yize imithombo eminingi yamanzi okuphuza omphakathi ilawulwa eduze futhi iphephile ukuphuzwa, abaningi bakhetha ukuphuza amanzi ahlanziwe.

Amanzi ahlanziwe aphephile ngokuqhathaniswa futhi anganciphisa ukuvezwa kokungcola okuthile okutholakala emanzini ompompi.

Khumbula ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ingahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlala kuphi. Lokhu kufanele kube yisici esinqumayo lapho ukhetha ukuphuza amanzi ahlanziwe noma amanzi ompompi.