Okufanele Ukwazi Ngokushaqeka

-Delile

• Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu zokwethuka?
• Yini ebangela ukwethuka kwenzeke?
• Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinkulu zokwethuka?
• Ukushaqeka okuvimbelayo
• Ukushaqeka kwe-Cardiogenic
• Ukushaqeka okusatshalaliswayo
• Ukushaqeka Hypovolemic
• Kwatholakala kanjani ukushaqeka?
• Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Kwelashwa kanjani ukwethuka?
• Ukwelashwa kosizo lokuqala
• Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha
• Ungalulama ngokuphelele ekushaqekeni?
• Ingabe ukwethuka kungavinjelwa?

Kuyini ukushaqeka?

Igama elithi "ukushaqeka" lingahle lisho uhlobo lokushaqeka kwengqondo noma lomzimba.

Ukushaqeka kwengqondo kudalwa isehlakalo esibuhlungu futhi kwaziwa nangokuthi yi-acute stress disorder. Lolu hlobo lokushaqeka lubangela impendulo eqinile yomzwelo futhi lungadala nezimpendulo zomzimba.

Ukugxila kwalesi sihloko kuzimbangela eziningi zokwethuka komzimba.

Umzimba wakho uhlangabezana nokushaqeka lapho ungenalo igazi elanele elijikeleza ngohlelo lwakho ukugcina izitho nezicubu zisebenza kahle.

Kungabangelwa noma yikuphi ukulimala noma isimo esithinta ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho. Ukushaqeka kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezitho eziningi kanye nezinkinga ezisongela impilo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwethuka. Ziwa ngaphansi kwezigaba ezine eziyinhloko, ngokususelwa kulokho okuthinte ukugeleza kwegazi. Izinhlobo ezine ezinkulu yilezi:

• ukushaqeka okuphazamisayo
• ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo
• ukushaqeka okwabiwayo
• ukushaqeka ngokweqile

Zonke izinhlobo zokwethuka zisongela impilo.

Uma uba nezimpawu zokwethuka, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu nezimpawu zokwethuka?

Uma uthuka, ungahlangabezana nokukodwa noma okuningi kokulandelayo:

• ukushaya ngamandla okusheshayo, okubuthakathaka, noma okungekho
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• ukuphefumula okusheshayo, okungajulile
• ubumhlophe
• epholile, isikhumba se-clammy
• abafundi abahlanzekile
• Amehlo entula
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• isicanucanu
• ukudideka
• ukukhathazeka
• ukunciphisa umchamo
• ukoma nomlomo owomile
• ushukela wegazi ophansi
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Yini ebangela ukwethuka kwenzeke?

Noma yini ethinta ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho ingadala ukushaqeka. Ezinye izimbangela zokwethuka zihlanganisa:

• ukusabela okweqile komzimba
• ukulahleka kwegazi okuphawulekayo
• ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• ukutheleleka kwegazi
• ukoma komzimba
• ubuthi
• ukusha

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinkulu zokwethuka?

Kunezinhlobo ezine ezinkulu zokwethuka, ngayinye yazo engadalwa yimicimbi eyahlukahlukene.

Ukushaqeka okuvimbelayo

Ukushaqeka okuvimbelayo kwenzeka lapho igazi lingakwazi ukufika lapho lifanele liye khona. I-pulmonary embolism yisimo esisodwa esingadala ukuphazamiseka ekugelezeni kwegazi. Izimo ezingadala ukwanda komoya noma uketshezi emgodini wesifuba nazo zingaholela ekushayweni okuphazamisayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• i-pneumothorax (ukuwa kwamaphaphu)
• i-hemothorax (igazi liqoqa esikhaleni phakathi kodonga lwesifuba namaphaphu)
• i-tamponade yenhliziyo (igazi noma uketshezi kugcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi kwesaka elizungeze inhliziyo nemisipha yenhliziyo)

Ukushaqeka kwe-Cardiogenic

Ukulimala kwenhliziyo yakho kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wakho, okuholele ekushaqekeni kwe-cardiogenic. Izimbangela ezivamile zokushaqeka kwe-cardiogenic zifaka:

• ukulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo yakho
• isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• isigqi senhliziyo esihamba kancane

Ukushaqeka okusatshalaliswayo

Izimo ezenza ukuthi imithambo yakho yegazi ilahlekelwe ithoni yazo ingadala ukushaqeka okwabiwayo. Lapho imithambo yakho yegazi ilahlekelwa yizwi, ingaba evulekile futhi ibe yifloppy kangangokuthi akwanele umfutho wegazi onikeza izitho zakho. Ukusatshalaliswa okusatshalaliswa kungaholela ezimpawu kufaka phakathi:

• ukuqhuma
• umfutho wegazi ophansi
• ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokushaqeka okusatshalaliswayo, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:

Ukushaqeka kwe-Anaphylactic kuyinkinga yokuphendula okweqile okwaziwa njenge-anaphylaxis. Ukungezwani komzimba kwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ngephutha uphatha into engeyona ingozi njengeyingozi. Lokhu kudala impendulo eyingozi yokuzivikela komzimba.

I-Anaphylaxis ivame ukubangelwa ukusabela okweqile kokudla, ubuthi bezinambuzane, imithi, noma i-latex.

Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic kungenye indlela yokwethuka okwabiwayo. I-Sepsis, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-blood poisoning, yisimo esibangelwa ukutheleleka okuholela kumagciwane angena egazini lakho. Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic kwenzeka lapho amabhaktheriya nobuthi bawo kudala ukulimala okukhulu kwezicubu noma izitho emzimbeni wakho.

Ukushaqeka kwe-Neurogenic kubangelwa ukulimala kwesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi, imvamisa ukulimala komgogodla. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi ivuleke, futhi isikhumba singazizwa sifudumele futhi sifutha. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwehla, nomfutho wegazi wehla kakhulu.

Izidakamizwa ezinobuthi nokulimala kwengqondo futhi kungaholela ekusabekeni okusatshalaliswayo.

Ukushaqeka Hypovolemic

Ukushaqeka kwe-hypovolemic kwenzeka lapho lingekho igazi elanele emithanjeni yakho yegazi lokuthwala umoya-mpilo ezithweni zakho. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulahleka kwegazi okunzima, isibonelo, ekulimaleni.

Igazi lakho liletha umoya-mpilo nezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile ezithweni zakho. Uma ulahlekelwa igazi eliningi, izitho zakho azikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Ukwehla emzimbeni ngokweqile nakho kungadala lolu hlobo lokushaqeka.

Kwatholakala kanjani ukushaqeka?

Abaphenduli bokuqala nodokotela bavame ukubona ukushaqeka yizimpawu zako zangaphandle. Futhi bangahlola:

• umfutho wegazi ophansi
• ukushaya ngamandla
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Lapho sebethole ukushaqeka, into eza kuqala kubona ukuhlinzeka ngemithi esindisa impilo ukuze igazi ligijime emzimbeni ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunikeza uketshezi, izidakamizwa, imikhiqizo yegazi, nokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Ngeke ixazululwe ngaphandle kokuthi bathole futhi belaphe imbangela.

Uma usuzinzile, udokotela wakho angazama ukuxilonga imbangela yokwethuka. Ukuze benze kanjalo, bangahle ba-ode ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma okuningi, njengokuthwebula izithombe noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Ukuhlola ukuhlolwa

Udokotela wakho angalawula ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuze ahlole ukulimala noma ukulimala kwezicubu nezitho zakho zangaphakathi, njenge:

• ukuphuka kwamathambo
• ukuqhekeka kwezitho
• imisipha noma imisipha yezinyembezi
• ukukhula okungavamile

Ukuhlolwa okunjalo kufaka:

• i-ultrasound
• I-X-ray
• Iskena se-CT
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka izimpawu ze:

• ukulahleka kwegazi okuphawulekayo
• ukutheleleka egazini lakho
• ukweqisa izidakamizwa noma imithi

Kwelashwa kanjani ukwethuka?

Ukushaqeka kungaholela ekuqulekeni, izinkinga zokuphefumula, kanye nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo:

• Uma usola ukuthi uhlangabezana nokushaqeka, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Uma usola ukuthi omunye umuntu uthukile, shayela u-911 bese unikezela ngosizo lokuqala kuze kufike usizo lochwepheshe.

Ukwelashwa kosizo lokuqala

Uma usola ukuthi othile uthukile, shayela ku-911. Bese ulandela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Uma bengazi lutho, hlola ukuthi basaphefumula yini futhi bashaye inhliziyo.
2. Uma ungakuboni ukuphefumula noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo, qala i-CPR.

Uma bephefumula:

1. Babeke phansi ngomhlane.
2. Phakamisa izinyawo zabo okungenani amasentimitha ayi-12 ngaphezu komhlaba. Lesi sikhundla, esaziwa njengesikhundla sokushaqeka, sisiza ukuqondisa igazi ezithweni zabo ezibalulekile lapho lidingeka khona kakhulu.
3. Zimboze ngengubo noma izingubo ezengeziwe ukuze uzigcine ufudumele.
4. Hlola ukuphefumula kwabo nokushaya kwenhliziyo njalo ukuthola izinguquko.

Uma usola ukuthi umuntu ulimale ekhanda, entanyeni noma emhlane, gwema ukumhambisa.

Faka usizo lokuqala kunoma yimaphi amanxeba abonakalayo. Uma usola ukuthi umuntu uhlangabezana nokungezwani nezinto ezithile, mbuze ukuthi une-epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) yini. Abantu abanezifo ezimbi kakhulu bavame ukuphatha le divayisi.

Iqukethe inaliti elula yokujova enomthamo wehomoni okuthiwa i-epinephrine. Ungayisebenzisa ukwelapha i-anaphylaxis.

Uma beqala ukuhlanza, phendulela ikhanda labo eceleni. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukuminyana. Uma usola ukuthi balimale intamo noma emuva, gwema ukuguqula amakhanda abo. Esikhundleni salokho, qinisa intamo yabo bese ugoqa wonke umzimba wabo ohlangothini ukuze usule ukuhlanza.

Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha

Uhlelo lokwelashwa kukadokotela wakho lokushaqeka luzoya ngesizathu sesimo sakho. Izinhlobo ezehlukene zokwethuka ziphathwa ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa:

• i-epinephrine nezinye izidakamizwa zokwelapha ukushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic
• ukumpontshelwa igazi esikhundleni segazi elilahlekile nokwelapha ukushaqeka okweqile
• imithi, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo, noma okunye ukungenelela ukwelapha ukushaqeka kwe-cardiogenic
• imithi elwa namagciwane yokwelapha ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukopha

Ungalulama ngokuphelele ekushaqekeni?

Kungenzeka ukuthi ululame ngokuphelele ekushayweni. Kodwa uma ingalashwa ngokushesha ngokwanele, ukwethuka kungaholela ekulimaleni unomphela kwesitho, ukukhubazeka, ngisho nokufa. Kubalulekile ukushayela u-911 ngokushesha uma usola ukuthi wena noma umuntu onaye ubhekene nokushaqeka.

Amathuba akho okululama nombono wesikhathi eside ancike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• imbangela yokwethuka
• ubude besikhathi othuke ngaso
• indawo nobukhulu bokulimala komzimba obukuqinisile
• impatho nokunakekelwa okutholile
• iminyaka yakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha

Ingabe ukwethuka kungavinjelwa?

Amanye amafomu namacala okushaqeka ayavikeleka. Thatha izinyathelo zokuphila ngendlela ephephile nenempilo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Uma utholakale ukuthi une-allergies enamandla, gwema izingqinamba zakho, uphathe i-epinephrine auto-injector, futhi uyisebenzise lapho uqala khona ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic.
• Ukwehlisa ingozi yokulahleka kwegazi ekulimaleni, gqoka izinto zokuzivikela lapho ubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo, ugibele ibhayisikili lakho futhi usebenzisa imishini eyingozi. Bopha ibhande lapho uhamba ngezimoto.
• Ukwehlisa amathuba akho okulimala kwenhliziyo, yidla ukudla okunomsoco, zivocavoca njalo, futhi ugweme ukubhema nentuthu kagwayi.

Hlala u-hydrated ngokuphuza uketshezi oluningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uchitha isikhathi ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu noma ezinomswakama.