Ukuhlolwa Kwamaseli Ogulayo

-Delile

• Kuyini ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?
• Siyini isifo se-sickle cell (SCD)?
• Isici sesiguli esigulayo
• Ngubani odinga ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?
• Ukulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?
• Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?
• Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezihambisana nokuhlolwa?
• Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa?
• Kwenzekani ngemuva kokuhlolwa?

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?

Ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi unesifo se-sickle cell disease (i-SCD) noma isici se-sickle cell. Abantu abane-SCD banamaseli abomvu egazi (ama-RBC) abunjwe ngokungajwayelekile. Amaseli agulayo abunjwe njengenyanga yenhlendla. Ama-RBC ajwayelekile abukeka njengamadonathi.

Ukuhlolwa kwamaseli erhengi kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile okwenziwa enganeni ngemuva kokuzalwa kwayo. Noma kunjalo, ingasetshenziswa ezinganeni ezindala nakubantu abadala lapho kudingeka.

Siyini isifo se-sickle cell (SCD)?

I-SCD yiqembu lezinkinga ze-RBC ezizuzwe njengefa. Lesi sifo siqanjwa ngethuluzi lokulima elenziwe ngo-C elaziwa ngokuthi isikela.

Amaseli agulayo ngokuvamile aba lukhuni futhi anamathele. Lokhu kungandisa ubungozi bamahlule egazi. Bavame nokufa kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kudala ukushoda kwama-RBC njalo.

I-SCD ibangela lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• i-anemia, edala ukukhathala
• ukuphaphatheka nokuphefumula okuncane
• ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo
• iziqephu zobuhlungu ngezikhathi ezithile, ezibangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okuvinjiwe
• i-hand-foot syndrome, noma izandla nezinyawo ezivuvukile
• ukutheleleka okuvamile
• ukukhula okubambezelekile
• izinkinga zokubona

Isici sesiguli esigulayo

Abantu abanesici se-sickle cell baphatha izakhi zofuzo ze-SCD. Abanazimpawu futhi abakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-SCD, kepha bangakwazi ukukudlulisela ezinganeni zabo.

Labo abanesici bangaba nengozi enkulu yezinye izinkinga, kufaka phakathi ukufa okungalindelekile okuhlobene nokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Ngubani odinga ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?

Izinsana zihlolwa njalo nge-SCD ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingane ezine-SCD zingasengozini enkulu yokutheleleka okungathi sína kungakapheli amasonto zizelwe. Ukuhlola kusenesikhathi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezine-SCD zithola ukwelashwa okufanele ukuvikela impilo yazo.

Abanye abantu okufanele bahlolwe bafaka:

• abokufika abangazange bahlolwe emazweni akubo
• izingane ezisuka kwesinye isimo ziye kwesinye futhi zingakahlolwa
• noma ngubani okhombisa izimpawu zalesi sifo

I-SCD ithinta abantu abacishe babe yizigidi emhlabeni wonke, kulinganiselwa iZikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo.

Ukulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?

Akukho ukulungiselela okudingekayo ekuhlolweni kweseli lesikela. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 ngemuva kokumpontshelwa igazi kungaholela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa enganembile.

Ukumpontshelwa kunganciphisa inani le-hemoglobin S - amaprotheni abangela i-SCD - egazini. Umuntu othole ukumpontshelwa muva nje angaba nomphumela ovamile wokuhlolwa kwamaseli erhengqa, noma ngabe ene-SCD.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kweseli lesikela?

Udokotela wakho uzodinga isampula yegazi ukuhlola i-SCD.

Umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe welebhu uzobeka ibhande lokunwebeka engalweni yakho engenhla ukwenza umthambo uvuvukale ngegazi. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazofaka kahle inaliti emthanjeni. Igazi lizogeleza ngokwemvelo kuthubhu enamathiselwe enalithini.

Lapho kunegazi elanele lokuhlolwa, umhlengikazi noma i-lab tech izokhipha inaliti futhi imboze isilonda sokubhoboza ngebhandishi.

Lapho izinsana noma izingane ezincane kakhulu zihlolwa, umhlengikazi noma i-lab tech ingasebenzisa ithuluzi elibukhali elibizwa ngokuthi i-lancet ukubhoboza isikhumba esithendeni noma emunweni. Bazoqoqa igazi kusilayidi noma kumugqa wokuhlola.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezihambisana nokuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Izinkinga zivame ngokweqile. Ungazizwa unekhanda elincane noma unesiyezi ngemuva kokuhlolwa, kepha lezi zimpawu zizophela lapho uhlala phansi imizuzu embalwa. Ukudla ukudla okulula nakho kungasiza.

Isilonda sokubhoboza sinethuba elincane lokutheleleka, kepha i-swab yotshwala esetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ivimbela lokhu. Faka isicelo se-compress efudumele kusayithi uma uthuthuka.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

I-lab tech ehlola isampula segazi lakho izobe ifuna uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin olungavamile olubizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin S. I-hemoglobin ejwayelekile yiprotheni ethwalwa ama-RBC. Ithatha umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese iwuthumela kwezinye izicubu nezitho emzimbeni wakho wonke.

Njengawo wonke amaprotheni, “ipulani” ye-hemoglobin ikhona ku-DNA yakho. Lokhu okuqukethwe okwenza izakhi zakho zofuzo. Uma olunye lohlobo luguqulwa noma luguqulwa, lungashintsha ukuthi i-hemoglobin iziphatha kanjani. I-hemoglobin enjalo eshintshashintshayo noma engajwayelekile ingadala ama-RBC afana noshukela, aholele ku-SCD.

Ukuhlolwa kweseli lesikela kubheka kuphela ubukhona be-hemoglobin S, edala i-SCD. Ukuhlolwa okungekuhle kujwayelekile. Kusho ukuthi i-hemoglobin yakho ijwayelekile. Umphumela wokuhlolwa omuhle ungasho ukuthi unesici se-sickle cell noma i-SCD.

Uma ukuhlolwa kutholakele, udokotela wakho mhlawumbe uzo-oda ukuhlolwa kwesibili okubizwa nge-hemoglobin electrophoresis. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukunquma ukuthi unasiphi isimo.

Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi unezakhi zofuzo ze-hemoglobin ezimbili ezingavamile, udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukuxilongwa kwe-SCD. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi unolunye lwalezi zofuzo ezingajwayelekile futhi azikho izimpawu, udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukutholakala kwesici se-sickle cell.

Kwenzekani ngemuva kokuhlolwa?

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, uzokwazi ukuzishayela uzenzele ekhaya futhi wenze yonke imisebenzi yakho ejwayelekile yansuku zonke.

Udokotela wakho noma i-lab tech ingakutshela ukuthi ungalindela nini imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa kuyehluka ngesimo ngasinye, imiphumela ingathatha amasonto amabili ezinganeni. Kubantu abadala, kungahle kusheshe njengosuku olulodwa lwebhizinisi.

Udokotela wakho uzokubhekela imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi unesici se-sickle cell, bangahle ba-ode izivivinyo eziningi ngaphambi kokuthi baqinisekise ukuxilongwa.

Uma uthola ukuxilongwa kwe-SCD, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisana nawe ukwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa olusebenzela wena.